• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

Coating is one of the methods used to solve the problem of corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures. There are few research reported in the literature regarding the effect of zinc-coating on flexural behavior compared to epoxy coating. The objective of this study was to determine whether zinc-coated rebar adversely affects flexural behavior. Concrete beams reinforced with black or zinc-coated steel were tested in flexure. The test variables included the presence of rebar surface coating with zinc, steel ratio used and cover depth. The study concentrated on comparing crack pattern, crack width, deflection and strain. The ultimate flexural capacity of beams reinforced with zinc-coated bars was not different from that of black steel reinforced beams. The results from deflection and crack width measurements were indicative of no significant variation for the different rebar surface conditions. In addition, it was found that load-strain curve of beam reinforced with zinc-coated steel was similar to that of beam reinforced with zinc-coated steel. Therefore, the test results indicated that the use of zinc-coated rebar had no adverse effect on flexural behavior compared to the use of black rebar.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.148-159
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to test the theoretical model designed to explain juvenile delinquency by media violence. Data were collected through questionnaire survey over a period of 3 months. Subjects served for this study consisted of 537 adolescents including 217 delinquent adolescents and 320 student adolescents in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and delinquent adolescent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using proportional stratified random sampling method. In this study, exogeneous variable was family dynamic environment and endogeneous variables were character of adolescent including need satisfaction/ frustration, sociability, antisocial personality tendency, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms and depressive trend, juvenile delinquent behavior and media violence themes including the extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes. A total of 18 instruments were used to operationalized concepts in this model. A validation study indicated that internal consistencies for the 18 instruments which the researcher used were reliable. The one month test-retest correlation for these instruments ranged from 0.54 to 0.88. Statistical methods employed were descriptive statistics and covariance structural modelling. In summarized conclusion, it was found that media violence served as the most contributor to juvenile delinquency by direct effect of 0.64(t=10.18). That is, as the adolescents have to be the higher extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes, they will show the more frequency of delinquent behavior. The single most powerful contributor by total effect of 0.73(t=7.90) (direct effect=0.19, indirect effect=0.54) to the development of delinquent behavior identified in this study was a construct defining family dynamic environment. That is, as the adolescents had to be more unstable family dynamic environment, they became more frustrated to their psychological need, and revealed the more maladaptive personality pattern, consequently they behaved the higher misconducts such as juvenile delinquency through media violence.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2018

Bus, a major transportation mode, doesn't have a systematical evaluation system for dangerous driving behavior yet. This paper analyzes the characteristics and pattern of bus driving behavior using Digital Tacho Graph(DTG) data on express bus. 8 types of dangerous driving behavior were considered according to timeslot, the day of week and weather condition. As results, rapid acceleration, rapid left right turn and rapid deceleratio accounted for more than 97% and relatively high percentages were shown in dawn, on Friday and on the clear day, respectively. From the statistical analysis, correlation between the dangerous driving types and difference according the timeslot were found, and 3 groups considering the level of the dangerous driving were suggested. This study contributes to setting an efficient and reliable eduction system for using driving simulators.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.276-281
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• 2018

In this paper, elastic behavior of woven fabric composites with various fiber yarn structure were predicted through a theoretical calculation model. A representative volume elements (RVE) that can represent the mechanical properties of the woven composites were selected and crimp angle of the weave yarn was defined by several sinusoidal functions. The effective material properties of the woven composite such as young's modulus, shear modulus and poisson's ratio was predicted by classical laminate theory (CLT). The fiber volume fractions were calculated according to the shape and pattern (plain, twill weave) of the fiber yarn, and the elastic behavior of each woven composite was obtained through a theoretical calculation model. Also, to verify the theoretical predictions, woven composite specimens of plain and twill weave were fabricated by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process and then mechanical test was conducted. As a results, a good correlation between theoretical and experimental results for the elastic behavior of woven composites could be achieved.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.145-155
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• 2020

The purpose of this study investigates the relationship between business strategy and cost behavior according to the corporate life cycle. To do so, I first examine the relationship between cost behavior and business strategy. And then, I analyze the effect of the business strategy on cost behavior conditional upon corporate life cycle based on listed Korean firms from 2000 to 2019. Specifically, the business strategy index is calculated by using the six continuous financial factors and the Prospector and Defender was defined on the score. Also, the corporate life cycle is distinguished based on the cash flow pattern. I find the evidence that the Prospector firms are likely to strengthen the asymmetry of cost behavior (cost stickiness), and examined that such a relationship was most strongly represented in the Introduction. This study is meaningful in that this is a more comprehensive analysis by examining business strategy and cost strategy according to the corporate life cycle and expand the application of financial information by using financial indicators to distinguish business strategies.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2002

Findings from European and American studies have indicated such health behaviors as smoking, drinking, lack of exercise, and insufficient intake of grains, fruits and vegetables as risk factors for hypertension. However, because dietary pattern and health behaviors of Korean differ from people of other countries, the risk factors for Koreans could be different. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify food consumption patterns and health behavior characteristics of Korean hypertensive adults. Data on food consumptions and other health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and exercise together with development of hypertension were collected from 597 persons aged 20 to 69 years in a local community. The first stage of analysis utilized cluster analysis to aggregate individuals into different health behavior and food consumption groups. Four health behavior groups were characterized by passive cluster, smoker cluster, fitness cluster and drinker cluster. Food consumption patterns of the subjects were also aggregated into 4 different clusters: dairy cluster, grain & vegetable cluster, fruit cluster, and fish & meat cluster. Then univariate analysis was followed to identify the variables associated with hypertension. The final stage of analysis was the identification of the relative importance of the variables selected from the univariate analysis on hypertension, using multiple logistic analysis. The results showed that heavy drinking was the most significant health behavior associated hypertension, which was similar to the findings in European and American studies. However, unlike the findings from foreign studies, grain and vegetable consumption appeared to be a risk factor for hypertension. A possible reason for the contradictory results between Korean and Western studies may be the dependence of Koreans on white rice as the major staple food, and/or the frequent consumption of salted vegetables, rather than fresh vegetables as is customary in Europe and America.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess health-related behavior of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers by investigating relevant risk factors. Methods: Data of 10,396 women (age 19 to 49 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey report from 2007 to 2012 was used to analyze factors associated with health-related behavior. The subjects were divided into pregnant women; breastfeeding mothers; and non-pregnant women. Bottle feeding mothers were excluded. Results: Current smoking rate including self-reported smoker and/or positive cotinine urine test were lower for pregnant or breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Heavy-drinking was not different among groups while monthly drinking rate was higher in non-pregnant group. Rate of stress recognition was lower in pregnant and breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Rate of experience for depressive symptoms and rate of suicidal ideation were not different among groups. Conclusion: Pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers maintain a good pattern of health- related behavior compared to non-pregnant women. However, substantial proportion of pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers continue to drink and smoke. This shows the need for a plan that will modify health-related behavior.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.405-414
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• 2016

Objectives: The associations between the eating behavior and energy and macronutrient intake from meals and snacks consumed during different times of the day across the menstrual cycle were investigated in 74 healthy female college students. Methods: A 9-day food record was collected during the last 3 days before menstrual onset (phase 1) and the first 3 days after menstrual onset (phase 2) and from the 4th to the 6th day after menstrual onset (phase 3), respectively. Anthropometry was assessed and eating behaviors were measured using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Results: External eating was the most prevalent type of eating behavior, followed by restrained eating and emotional eating. Restrained eating was positively associated with energy, carbohydrate and lipid intake at the breakfast and midmorning snack during phase 3. However, emotional eating was also positively related to energy and macronutrient intake at the dinner and after-dinner snack during phase 1 and phase 3, with higher level detected in the phase 1. The association of emotional eating with the snack consumption was highest in phase 1. External eating was positively associated with energy and macronutrient intakes at the dinner and after-dinner snack across the three phases, the highest level being phase 1. In addition, restrained eating was positively associated with the weight, body mass index(BMI), fat mass, waist and hip girth of the subjects. Conclusions: Eating behaviors varied with regard to meals and snacks consumed during different times of the day across the three menstrual phases. Dinner and afterdinner snack consumption in premenstrual phase could be considered as a time when women are more prone to overconsumption and uncontrolled eating.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.431-441
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• 2021

Rock-socketed drilled shafts are widely used to transfer the heavy loads from the superstructure especially in mountainous area. Extensive research has been done on the behavior of rock-socketed drilled shafts under compressive load. However, little attention has been paid to uplift behavior of drilled shaft in rock, which govern the overall behavior of the foundation system. In this paper, a series of centrifuge tests have been performed to investigate the uplift response of rock-socketed drilled shafts. The pull-out tests of drilled shafts installed in layered rocks having various strengths were conducted. The load-displacement response, axial load distributions in the shaft and the unit skin friction distribution under pull-out loads were investigated. The effects of the strength of rock socket on the initial stiffness, ultimate capacity and mobilization of friction of the foundation, were also examined. The results indicated that characteristics of rock-socket has a significant influence on the uplift behavior of drilled shaft. Most of the applied uplift load were carried by socketed rock when the drilled shaft was installed in the sand over rock layer, whereas substantial load was carried by both upper and lower rock layers when the drilled shaft was completely socketed into layered rock. The pattern of mobilized shaft friction and point where the maximum unit shaft friction occurred were also found to be affected by the socket condition surrounding the drilled shaft.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.65-75
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• 2017

This research studies the behavior patterns of a character in FIFA Online3, and the transaction patterns between the characters to present a character that acts like a real person and has social interaction with other characters. A character interacts with others mediated by balls in FIFA Online3, we analysis character's behavior and interactions more cleary. Providing the realistic behavior patterns of a character and the relation in the transaction patterns between the characters based on psychology theory, we can give a player the sense of reality. To define the behavior pattern of a character, this study applied the Ego-state as defined by Transactional Analysis(TA). Based on the Transactions in TA, this study then defined the transaction patterns between the characters, which are produced by the actions that a character in the game. This study also presented how to apply a character's transaction patterns with the examples. It showed that a character can act in the game like a real person by defining how a character acts and interacts in the game.