• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.218-229
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• 2003

A new biotelemetry method that the installation and the treatment of equipment is convenient and the instantaneously detailed location of the fish attached the pinger is able to track comparatively easily was developed. The receiving system in this biotelemetry method was advanced for track the detailed behavior of the fish by the miniature tracking pinger, because it was a burden to fish to add the pinger with the water temperature and the pressure sensor. By combining of the super short base line (SSBL) method to detect the direction of pinger and the pinger synchronizing method to measure the range from receiving transducer to pinger, the three dimensional locations of fish to the receiving transducer is gotten instantaneously. The receiving system is devised to realize the high precision or wide detection range by application of the basic design method for receiving system of biotelemetry developed by the present authors and the hydrophone array configuration. The measurement distance error in the pinger synchronizing method is minimized through the correction of which the deviation of transmission pluse period of pinger is caused by changing water temperature. A prototype system which is able to track the instantaneously detailed location of the fish by the SSBL and pinger synchronizing biotelemetry (SPB) method was produced.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 1995

Antibodies to hepatitis C drew attention because of high morbidity to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV was known to be transmitted by transfusion, sexual behavior and parenteral drug use. However, some kind of autoimmune mechanism was suggested to be involved in the genesis of HCV-induced liver diseases. We hypothesized the prevalence of having anti-HCV might be higher in psychiatric patients rather than general population because of the characteristic route of transmission. Using Abbott HCV BA kit, anti-HCV was detected in the sera of 113 psychiatric inpatients from early December in 1992 to late May in 1994. The Positivity of anti-HCY was significantly(P<0.05) higher among psychiatric inpatients(10.6%) than in healthy controls(3.0%). There were no disease specificity among psychiatric inpatients who had anti-HCV, though alcoholics tended to have more anti-HCV. We couldn't find any significant correlation of anti-HCV with age, seasons of birth, lymphocytes (%) and liver function.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1119-1127
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• 2018

Most of the cyber attacks are caused by malicious codes. The damage caused by cyber attacks are gradually expanded to IoT and CPS, which is not limited to cyberspace but a serious threat to real life. Accordingly, various malicious code analysis techniques have been appeared. Dynamic analysis have been widely used to easily identify the resulting malicious behavior, but are struggling with an increase in Anti-VM malware that is not working in VM environment detection. On the other hand, static analysis has difficulties in analysis due to various packing techniques. In this paper, we proposed malware classification techniques regardless of known packers or unknown packers through the proposed model. To do this, we designed a model of supervised learning and unsupervised learning for the features that can be used in the PE structure, and conducted the results verification through 98,000 samples. It is expected that accurate analysis will be possible through customized analysis technology for each class.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $37.1^{\circ}C$ to $37.36^{\circ}C{\pm}0.91^{\circ}C$ to $1.02^{\circ}C$). STs are $1.39^{\circ}C$ to $1.65^{\circ}C$ lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ resulting in a much improved mean${\pm}$SD of $37.6^{\circ}C{\pm}0.64^{\circ}C$ or $37.8^{\circ}C{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1999

Estrone such as estriol and estradiol can not be determined by votammetric methods, because these are electrochemically inactive in the potential windows for mercury drop electrode. Nitro-derivatives of estrone are electro active and nitration of estrone is accomplished by heating the solution involving estrone and sodium nitrite in a water-bath at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Such nitro-derivatives are determined directly by voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior for nitrated estrone was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The trace estrone was determinated by differential pulse adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Nitrated estrone gives a well defined voltammetric wave at ca. - 0.61 V (vs. Ag/AgCl electrode). The electrochemical reaction was irreversible process in sodium borate buffer at pH 11 and nitrated estrone was strongly adsorbed on the surface of mercury electrode. The optimal experimental conditions for the determination of nitrated esterone were found to be 0.05 M sodium nitrate, 0.01 M sodium borate, pH 11.0, and an accumlation potential of 0.10 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The detection limit was as low as $1{\times}10^{-9}M$ for estrone with 2 min accumulation time.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.576-606
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• 2017

It is more salient in the high-tech industry to cooperate even among competitors in order to promptly respond to the changes in product architecture. In this sense, 'co-opetition,' which is the combination word between 'cooperation' and 'competition,' is the new business term in the strategic management and represents the two concepts "simultaneously co-exist." From this view, this study set up the research purposes as follows: 1) investigating the corporate managerial and technological behavioral characteristics in the co-opetition of the global display industry. 2) verifying the emerging factors during the co-opetition behavior hereafter. 3) suggesting the strategic direction focusing on the co-opetition behavioral characteristics. To this end, this study used co-word network analysis to understand the structure in context level of the co-opetition. In order to understand topics on each network, we clustered the keywords by community detection algorithm based on modularity and labeled the cluster name. The results show that there were increasing patterns of competition rather than cooperation. Especially, the litigations for mutual control against Korean firms much more severely occurred and increased as time passed by. Investigating these network structure in technological evolution perspective, there were already active cooperation and competition among firms in the early 2000s surrounding the issues of OLED-related technology developments. From the middle of the 2000s, firm behaviors have focused on the acceleration of the existing technologies and the development of futuristic display. In other words, there has been competition to take leadership of the innovation in the level of final products such as the TV and smartphone by applying the display panel products. This study will provide not only better understanding on the context of the display industry, but also the analytical framework for the direction of the predictable innovation through analyzing the managerial and technological factors. Also, the methods can support CTOs and practitioners in the technology planning who should consider those factors in the process of decision making related to the strategic technology management and product development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.195-204
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with smartphone dependence among adults in their 20s. The data were derived from the 2017 Survey on Smartphone Over-dependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. There were 3,684 participants. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and weighted hierarchical multiple regression analysis. For the results, factors related with higher smartphone dependence of participants were duration (β=.18, p=.000) and frequency (β=.04, p=.000) of usage, gaming (β=.15, p=.000), watching videos (β=.09, p=.000), mobile shopping (β=.05, p=.000), working (β=.05, p=.010), e-mailing (β=.13, p=.000), and sports betting (β=.07, p=.000). Music (β=-.07, p=.000) and adult content (β=-.07, p=.000) significantly reduced their smartphone dependence. SNS (Social Networking Services) (β=.01, p=.358) and instant messengers (β=-.02, p=.330) were not factors related to smartphone dependence. However, instant messengers were the most used by participants and had a strong correlation with working (r=.55, p=.000). This study shows that smartphone usage patterns related with smartphone dependence among adults in their 20s are different from those of children and adolescents. These results could be used to more deeply understand smartphone dependence among adults in their 20s and plan early detection and prevention and care of dependence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this study is to determine knowledge about lung cancer among secondary school male teachers in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among three secondary schools located in Kudat district, Sabah, Malaysia during the period from June until September 2012. The protocol of this study was approved by ethics committee of Management and Science University, Malaysia. The aims were explained and a consent form was signed by each participant. Respondents were chosen randomly from each school with the help of the headmasters. Self-administrated questionnaires, covering socio-demographic characteristics and general knowledge of lung cancer, were distributed. Once all 150 respondents completed the questionnaire, they passed it to their head master for collecting and recording. All the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13. ANOVA and t-test were applied for univariate analysis; and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 150 male secondary school teachers participated in this study. Their mean age was $35.6{\pm}6.5$ (SD); maximum 50 and minimum 23 years old. More than half of the participants were Malay and married (52%, 79%; respectively). Regarding the knowledge about lung cancer, 57.3% of the participants mentioned that only males are affected by lung cancer. Some 70.7% mentioned that lung cancer can be transmitted from one person to another. More than half (56.7%) reported that lung cancer is not the leading cause of death in Malaysian males. As for risk factors, the majority reported that family history of lung cancer is not involved. However, 91.3% were aware that cigarettes are the main risk factor of lung cancer and more than half (52%) believed that second-hand smoking is one of the risk factor of lung cancer. More than half (51.3%) were not aware that asbestos, ionizing radiation and other cancer causing substances are risk factors for lung cancer. Quitting smoking, avoiding second-hand smoking and avoiding unnecessary x-ray image of the chest (53.3%, 96.0%, 87.3%; respectively) are the main preventive measures mentioned by the participants. For the factors that influence the participants knowledge, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only race was significant. Conclusions: Overall, the knowledge of school male teachers about lung cancer was low. However, few items were scored high: cigarettes are the main risk factor; avoiding second-hand smoking; and avoiding x-rays. Interventions to increase lung cancer awareness are needed to improve early detection behavior. Increase the price of pack of cigarettes to RM 20 and banning smoking in public places such as restaurants are highly recommended as primary preventive measures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1755-1760
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in male sexual partners of HR-HPV infected women and the concordance of viral types in couples in China, and comprehend the role of men play in HPV transmission to women. Methods/Materials: 94 asymptomatic women and their husbands from rural Chaozhou participated in epidemiologic screening for HPV infection. Cervical cells from females were collected for high risk HPV screening by real time-PCR, and they were positive for at least 1 of 13 HR-HPV subtypes, then these samples were genotyped. Approximately one mouth later, penile epithelial cells from 94 asymptomatic husbands were collected for HPV genotyping. At the same time, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 366 male patients from sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic in China for the prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in men having frequent sex behavior. Penial epithelial cells were collected for HPV 6/11 and HPV 16/18 detection by fluorescent real-time quantified PCR. Results: Among 94 couples, the prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in men whose wife was positive for cervical HR-HPV was 5.32% (5/94). Only 2.63% (2/76) had the same high risk viral type presented by their wife. HPV 16 proved to be the most prevalent viral type in men and in couples. Of 366 male patients from STD outpatient clinic, the prevalence of HPV 16/18 infection in men with or without HPV 6/11 was 6.85% and 8.16%, respectively. The incidence of HPV 16/18 was higher in men aged more than 35 years than the young men (18-35 years). Conclusion: The prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in male sexual partners of HPV-positive women in China was lower than that expected, and the concordance of high risk viral type between couples was extremely low. These data suggested that infected men consitute an important viral reservoir, contributing to transmission of HR-HPV to women and maintenance of infection, but HR-HPV infection may be less likely to persist in men than in women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3809-3816
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• 2016

Background: Increasing knowledge and awareness of cancer screening significantly influence health promotion behavior which could markedly reduce incidence rates. In many countries, health care providers are the principal source of information concerning cancer screening. This study was carried out to assess the level of knowledge concerning cancer screening among medical students, house officers and residents and to explore their attitude towards cancer screening practices. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kasr Al Ainy Medical School at Cairo University in Egypt, with 300 undergraduate medical students and 150 postgraduates (interns and residents) enrolled. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the study participants regarding personal and education-related information, knowledge about cancer screening and its sources, and attitude towards cancer screening. Results: More than 64% of participants had knowledge scores of ${\leq}10$ points (out of 24). The total knowledge score (out of 6 points) for breast cancer screening increased from $1.9{\pm}1.0$ to $2.3{\pm}1.2$ and $2.4{\pm}1.1$ for $4^{th}$, $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ year respectively, interns showed the highest score of $2.6{\pm}1.1$, P= 0.001. Year of enrollment at medical school was a significant positive predictor of acquiring knowledge about cancer screening (post graduate vs. undergraduate students) (OR= 1.30, C.I =1.01-1.63), lack of or none receiving of orientation/training about cancer screening was the sole negative significant predictor for proper knowledge about cancer screening (OR=0.50, C.I=0.31-0.82). Over 92% of students agreed that they had insufficient knowledge about cancer screening, 88.2% appraised the need to have enough knowledge in order to direct/advice patients, relatives and friends, and 93.7% required that the faculty should emphasize the importance of cancer screening in the delivered curricula at medical school. Conclusions: A relatively low to moderate level of knowledge about cancer screening was detected among the selected medical students regardless of their year of enrollment at medical school or their graduation status, which may implicate a negative impact on early cancer detection especially in a low resource country like Egypt.