• 제목/요약/키워드: Behavior Graph

검색결과 169건 처리시간 0.028초

Particle Behavior of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Electrical Resistance Analysis (전기저항 분석을 통한 은나노 입자 합성 시의 입자거동 연구)

  • Yoon, Young Woo;Ryu, Si Hong;Yang, Sung Joo;Lee, Seong Eui
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • 제28권8호
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    • pp.531-538
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    • 2015
  • This study examined the size and shape of the nano-silver particle through the analysis of electrical resistance when synthesizing nano-sized silver by using the chemical liquid reduction. Changes in particle behaviors formed according to the changes in electronic characteristics by electric resistance in each time period in the beginning of reduction reaction in a course of synthesizing the nano-silver particle formation were studied. In addition, analysis was conducted on particle behaviors according to the changes in concentration of $AgNO_3$ and in temperature at the time of reduction and nucleation and growth course when synthesizing the particles based on the particle behaviors were also examined. As the concentration of $AgNO_3$ increased, the same amount of resistance of approximately $5{\Omega}$ was increased in terms of initial electronic resistance. Furthermore, according to the result of formation of nuclear growth graph and estimation of slope based on estimated resistance, slops of $6.25{\times}10^{-3}$, $2.89{\times}10^{-3}$, and $1.85{\times}10^{-3}$ were derived from the concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.05 M, and 0.1 M, respectively. As the concentration of $AgNO_3$ increased, the more it was dominantly influenced by the nuclear growth areas in the initial phase of reduction leading to increase the size and cohesion of particles. At the time of reduction of nano-silver particle, the increases of initial resistance were $4{\Omega}$, $4.2{\Omega}$, $5{\Omega}$, and $5.3{\Omega}$, respectively as the temperature increased. As the temperature was increased into $23^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $80^{\circ}C$, slopes were formed as $4.54{\times}10^{-3}$, $4.65{\times}10^{-3}$, $5.13{\times}10^{-3}$, and $5.42{\times}10^{-3}$ respectively. As the temperature increased, the particles became minute due to the increase of nuclear growth area in the particle in initial period of reduction.

Preparation and Dielectric Behavior of D-Glass with Different Boron Contents (보론함량에 따른 D-glass의 유전율 특성)

  • Jeong, Bora;Lee, Ji-Sun;Lee, MiJai;Lim, Tae-Young;Lee, Youngjin;Jeon, Dae-Woo;Shin, Dongwook;Kim, Jin-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.39-42
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    • 2017
  • E-glass (electrical glass) fiber is the widely used as a reinforced composite material of PCBs (printed circuit boards). However, E-glass fiber is not stable because it has a dielectric constant of 6~7. On the other hand, D-glass (dielectric glass) fiber has a low dielectric constant of 3~4.5. Thus, it is adaptable for use as a reinforcing material of PCBs. In this study, we fabricated D-glass compositions with low dielectric constant, and measured the electrical and optical properties. In the glass composition, the boron content was changed from 9 to 31 wt%. To confirm the dependence of the dielectric constant on melting properties, D-glass with 22 wt% boron was melted at $1550^{\circ}C$ and $1650^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs. The glass melted at $1650^{\circ}C$ had a lower dielectric constant than the glass melted at $1550^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the D-glass with boron of 9~31 wt% was fabricated by melting at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs, and transparent clear glass was obtained. We identified the non-crystalline nature of the glass using an XRD (x-ray diffractometer) graph. The visible light transmittance values depending on the boron contents were measured and found to be 88.6 % ~ 82.5 %. Finally, the dielectric constant of the D-glass with 31 wt% boron was found to have decreased from 4.18 to 3.93.

Developmental Characteristics and Feeding Behavior of Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae) on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Cultivars (착색단고추 품종에 따른 복숭아혹진딧물의 발육특성 및 섭식행동)

  • Yoon, Kyu-Sik;Seo, Mi-Ja;Kang, Min-Ah;Kwon, Hye-Ri;Park, Min-Woo;Jo, Shin-Hyuk;Yu, Yong-Man;Youn, Young-Nam
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.257-265
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    • 2011
  • To investigate host preferencse of Myzus persicae on 15 sweet pepper cultivars grown in Jeonnam Province, EPG (electrical penetration graph) and life table experiments were carried out in the laboratory. Phloem phase times were significantly longer on Ferrari, Jinju, Debla, and Rapido than Orobell and Thialf. Non-penetration times were conversely observed. Life span, reproduction period, total fecundity, and intrinsic rate of increase ($r_m$) of M. persicae, were higher on Ferrari, Debla, Orange glory, and Jinju than on Purple, GreenAce, Orobell, and Thialf. On the bases of these results, we conclude that M. persicae preferred Ferrari, Jinju, Orange glory, and Debla among the 15 tested sweet pepper varieties. However, we could not show the preference of the aphid for Purple, Orobell, and Thialf.

A Study on the Aggregation properties of Sodium hyaluronate with Alkanediyl-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) surfactants in aqueous solution (수용액에서 Sodium hyaluronate와 Alkanediyl-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) 계면활성제의 회합성질에 관한 연구)

  • Ahn, Beom-Shu
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.1003-1009
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    • 2021
  • A study on the associative properties of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) and Alkane-bis (dimethylalkylammonium bromide) surfactants in aqueous solution was investigated in relation to the chemical structure of surfactants. As a result of measuring the interfacial tension, a parabolic graph showing the minimum value (cmin) at a specific concentration was shown. Above this minimum concentration the increase in interfacial tension is thought to be related to the formation of aggregates of NaHA chains and dimeric surfactants. The plot of viscosity vs surfactant concentration shows a slight maxium at cmin and a viscosity decrease at high surfactant concentrations. Viscosity nonlinear behavior is related to the size increase due to the complex growth and to the size shrinkage following from the interaction with electrolyte ions and free micelles. The results of surface tension measurements show a broad region of surface tension decrease, indicating the NaHA-surfactant interaction. The increase in surface tension above cmin may be related to the adsorption of clusters, consisting of free NaHA chains and dimeric surfactant. The strong adsorption of surfactant is observed at high concentrations.

A Study on the Prevention of Liquefaction Damage of the Sheet File Method Applicable to the Foundation of Existing Structures Using the 1-G Shaking Table Experiment (1-G 진동대 실험을 이용한 기존 구조물 기초에 적용 가능한 시트파일 공법의 액상화 피해 방지에 관한 연구)

  • Jongchan Yoon;Suwon Son;Junhyeok Park;Junseong Moon;Jinman Kim
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • 제24권7호
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    • pp.5-14
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    • 2023
  • Recently, earthquakes have occurred frequently in worldwide. These earthquakes cause various forms of natural and physical damage. In particular, liquefaction in which the ground shows liquid-like behavior causes great damage to the structure. Accordingly, various liquefaction damage reduction methods are being studied and developed. Therefore, in this study, a method of reducing liquefaction damage in the event of an earthquake applicable to existing structures was studied using the sheet pile method. The 1-G Shaking table test was performed and the ground was constructed with Jumunjin standard sand. A two-story model structure was produced by applying the similitude law, and the input wave applied a sine wave with an acceleration level of 0.6 g and a frequency of 10 Hz. The effect of reducing structure damage according to various embedded depth ratio was analyzed. As a result of the study, the structure settlement when the ground is reinforced by applying the sheet pile method is decreased by about 71% compared to when the ground is not reinforced, and the EDR with minimum settlement is "1". In addition, as the embedded depth ratio is increased, the calculation of the pore water pressure in the ground tends to be delayed due to the sheet pile. Based on these results, the relationship with structural settlement according to the embedded depth ratio is proposed as a relational equation with the graph. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data in developing sheet pile methods applicable to existing structures in the future.

PID-based Consensus and Formation Control of Second-order Multi-agent System with Heterogeneous State Information (이종 상태 정보를 고려한 이차 다개체 시스템의 PID 기반 일치 및 편대 제어)

  • Min-Jae Kang;Han-Ho Tack
    • Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.103-111
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    • 2023
  • Consensus, that aims to converge the states of agents to the same states through information exchanges between agents, has been widely studied to control the multi-agent systems. In real systems, the measurement variables of each agent may be different, the loss of information across communication may occur, and the different networks for each state may need to be constructed for safety. Moreover, the input saturation and the disturbances in the system may cause instability. Therefore, this paper studies the PID(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)-based consensus control to achieve the swarm behavior of the multi-agent systems considering the heterogeneous state information, the input saturations, and the disturbances. Specifically, we consider the multiple follower agents and the single leader agent modeled by the second-order systems, and investigate the conditions to achieve the consensus based on the stability of the error system. It is confirmed that the proposed algorithm can achieve the consensus if only the connectivity of the position graph is guaranteed. Moreover, by extending the consensus algorithm, we study the formation control problem for the multi-agent systems. Finally, the validity of the proposed algorithm was verified through the simulations.

Incorporating Social Relationship discovered from User's Behavior into Collaborative Filtering (사용자 행동 기반의 사회적 관계를 결합한 사용자 협업적 여과 방법)

  • Thay, Setha;Ha, Inay;Jo, Geun-Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2013
  • Nowadays, social network is a huge communication platform for providing people to connect with one another and to bring users together to share common interests, experiences, and their daily activities. Users spend hours per day in maintaining personal information and interacting with other people via posting, commenting, messaging, games, social events, and applications. Due to the growth of user's distributed information in social network, there is a great potential to utilize the social data to enhance the quality of recommender system. There are some researches focusing on social network analysis that investigate how social network can be used in recommendation domain. Among these researches, we are interested in taking advantages of the interaction between a user and others in social network that can be determined and known as social relationship. Furthermore, mostly user's decisions before purchasing some products depend on suggestion of people who have either the same preferences or closer relationship. For this reason, we believe that user's relationship in social network can provide an effective way to increase the quality in prediction user's interests of recommender system. Therefore, social relationship between users encountered from social network is a common factor to improve the way of predicting user's preferences in the conventional approach. Recommender system is dramatically increasing in popularity and currently being used by many e-commerce sites such as Amazon.com, Last.fm, eBay.com, etc. Collaborative filtering (CF) method is one of the essential and powerful techniques in recommender system for suggesting the appropriate items to user by learning user's preferences. CF method focuses on user data and generates automatic prediction about user's interests by gathering information from users who share similar background and preferences. Specifically, the intension of CF method is to find users who have similar preferences and to suggest target user items that were mostly preferred by those nearest neighbor users. There are two basic units that need to be considered by CF method, the user and the item. Each user needs to provide his rating value on items i.e. movies, products, books, etc to indicate their interests on those items. In addition, CF uses the user-rating matrix to find a group of users who have similar rating with target user. Then, it predicts unknown rating value for items that target user has not rated. Currently, CF has been successfully implemented in both information filtering and e-commerce applications. However, it remains some important challenges such as cold start, data sparsity, and scalability reflected on quality and accuracy of prediction. In order to overcome these challenges, many researchers have proposed various kinds of CF method such as hybrid CF, trust-based CF, social network-based CF, etc. In the purpose of improving the recommendation performance and prediction accuracy of standard CF, in this paper we propose a method which integrates traditional CF technique with social relationship between users discovered from user's behavior in social network i.e. Facebook. We identify user's relationship from behavior of user such as posts and comments interacted with friends in Facebook. We believe that social relationship implicitly inferred from user's behavior can be likely applied to compensate the limitation of conventional approach. Therefore, we extract posts and comments of each user by using Facebook Graph API and calculate feature score among each term to obtain feature vector for computing similarity of user. Then, we combine the result with similarity value computed using traditional CF technique. Finally, our system provides a list of recommended items according to neighbor users who have the biggest total similarity value to the target user. In order to verify and evaluate our proposed method we have performed an experiment on data collected from our Movies Rating System. Prediction accuracy evaluation is conducted to demonstrate how much our algorithm gives the correctness of recommendation to user in terms of MAE. Then, the evaluation of performance is made to show the effectiveness of our method in terms of precision, recall, and F1-measure. Evaluation on coverage is also included in our experiment to see the ability of generating recommendation. The experimental results show that our proposed method outperform and more accurate in suggesting items to users with better performance. The effectiveness of user's behavior in social network particularly shows the significant improvement by up to 6% on recommendation accuracy. Moreover, experiment of recommendation performance shows that incorporating social relationship observed from user's behavior into CF is beneficial and useful to generate recommendation with 7% improvement of performance compared with benchmark methods. Finally, we confirm that interaction between users in social network is able to enhance the accuracy and give better recommendation in conventional approach.

Eye Tracking Analysis for High School Students' Learning Styles in the Process of Solving on Earth Science I (지구과학 I 문제 해결 과정에서 나타난 학습유형에 따른 고등학생의 시선 추적 분석)

  • An, Young-Kyun;Kim, Hyoungbum
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.50-61
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to analysis eye tracking for high school students' learning styles in the process of solving in the behavioral domains of the College Scholastic Ability Test on Earth Science I. The subjects of this study were 50 students from two classes out of 4 classes in E high school in Chungcheong province. Among them, we conducted experiments by randomly sampling 2 students of each type of learning based on the criteria that they had not encountered the problem of Earth Science I from the past two years. The findings indicate that the item correctness rate of divergers, assimilators, convergers, and accommodators were higher in the knowledge domain, application domain, knowledge-understanding domain, and understanding domain. This confirms that there is a difference among the four learning styles in the level of achievement according to the behavioral areas of the assessment questions. The latter finding was that the high eye-share of AOI 2 appeared higher than AOI 1, 3, 4 in the course of solving the problems. This is because the four types of learners pay more careful attention to the AOI 2 area, which is the cue-or-information area of problem solving, that is, the Table, Figure, and Graph area. Therefore, in order to secure the fairness and objectivity of the selection, it is necessary that an equal number of questions of each behavioral domain be selected on the Earth Science I Test of the College Scholastic Ability Test in general. Besides, it seems to be necessary that the knowledge, understanding, application, and the behavior area of the inquiry be highly correlated with the AOI 2 area in development of test questions.

Association between physical activity measured using an accelerometer and arterial stiffness based on pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index in healthy adults (건강한 성인에서 가속도계로 측정한 신체활동과 맥파전달속도 및 상완-발목 간 혈압비에 기반한 동맥경화지표와의 관계)

  • Lee, Hyunju;Park, Kye Wol;Jun, Ha Yeon;Gwak, Ji Yeon;Kim, Eun Kyung
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.506-520
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: Physical activity (PA) has a beneficial effect on the prevention of arteriosclerosis in healthy adults. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between PA measured using an accelerometer and arterial stiffness in healthy Korean adults. Methods: This study involved 87 subjects (36.8% women) aged 20-64 years. PA was evaluated using an accelerometer (wGT3X-BT, ActiGraph, Florida, USA) for 7 days. Based on the results of the accelerometer measurement, subjects were classified into active and inactive groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO) PA guidelines. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) to assess arterial stiffness were measured by a non-invasive vascular screening device (VP-1000 Plus, Omron). Results: The average age of the study subjects was 47.7 ± 11.3 years and the WHO PA guideline achievement rate was 29.9%. There was no significant difference in arterial stiffness (baPWV and ABI) between the active and inactive groups. In females, the time spent in light PA were positively correlated with ABI (r = 0.396; p < 0.05) and the number of sedentary bouts over 50 minutes was inversely correlated with ABI (r = -0.402; p < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between PA and arterial stiffness in males. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that light PA and sedentary behavior have a positive correlation with arterial stiffness in females.