• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to review the meaning and problems of Scientific Knowledge and Ethical Value in Environmental Education. The ultimate goal of environmental education is shaping proenvironmental human behavior. The factors of human behavioral decision making are ideology, value, attitude and behavioral intentions. Ideology is a kind of belief system used by social groups to interpret their social world. The main elements of belief system are knowledge and value. The traditional thinking in education has been that we can change behavior by making human beings more knowledgeable and more valuable. In environmental education, the aim of scientific inquiry is to analysis cause-effect relation of human beings behavior and environmental phenomenon, and ethical education is to change the mind of human beings from zero-sum to positive-sum about the relations between human beings and natural environments. But, there are many problems of knowledge education and value education in environmental education. For example scientific knowledge without ethical value is dangerous to environment protection, and ethical value without scientific knowledge is vague. Therefore, we must recognize that the relationship of ethical value and scientific knowledge is not substitutional but complementary. The teaching-learning methods which can integrate knowledge and value in environmental education are rational decision making model. For this model, we can construct teaching contents with inquiry materials. To earn the benefits of specialization among several subjects in environmental education, social studies can focus on social science knowledge and decision making, science education can focus on pure natural science knowledge and scientific investigation, moral education can focus on problems of ethical value system, home economics can focus on practical action and environmental education(Environments in middle school, Ecology and Environments in high school) can integrate social-national science knowledge and ethical value in broad perspective about human beings and ecosystem. That is the method to protect from law of diminishing marginal utility of learning in environmental education.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-218
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• 2022

In submerged floating tunnels (SFTs), a next-generation maritime transportation infrastructure, the tunnel module floats in water due to buoyancy. For the effective and economical use of SFTs, connection with the ground is inevitable, but the stability of the shore connection is weak due to stress concentration caused by the displacement difference between the subsea bored tunnel and the SFT. The use of an elastic joint has been proposed as a solution to solve the stability problem, but it changes the dynamic characteristics of the SFT, such as natural frequency and mode shape. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the elastic joints in shore connections, assuming that the ground is a hard rock without displacement. In addition, a small-scale model test was performed for FEM model validation. A parametric study was conducted on the resonance behavior such as the natural frequency change and velocity, stress, and reaction force distribution change of the SFT system by varying the joint stiffness under loading conditions of various frequencies and directions. The results indicated that the natural frequency of the SFT system increased as the stiffness of the elastic joint increased, and the risk of resonance was the highest in the low-frequency environment. Moreover, stress concentration was observed in both the SFT and the shore connection when resonance occurred in the vertical mode. The results of this study are expected to be utilized in the process of quantitative research such as designing elastic joints to prevent resonance in the future.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2019

Passive steel dampers have shown favorable performance in last earthquakes, numerical and experimental studies. Although steel dampers are more affordable than other types of damper, they are not economically justified for ordinary buildings. Therefore, in this paper, an innovative steel damper with shear yielding mechanism is introduced, which is easy to fabricate also can be easily replaced after sever earthquakes. The main goal of implementing such a mechanism is to control the possible damage in the damper and to ensure the elastic behavior of other structural components. The numerical results indicate an enhancement of the hysteretic behavior of the concentrically braced frames utilizing the proposed damper. The proposed damper change brittle behavior of brace due to buckling to ductile behavior due to shear yielding in proposed damper. The necessary relations for the design of this damper have been presented. In addition, a model has been presented to estimate load-displacement of the damper without needing to finite element modeling.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.456-470
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in the prediction of smoking cessation intention and smoking cessation behavior among adolescent smokers, in order to provide basic data to develop a future smoking cessation program as a nursing intervention. Method: The study subjects were 80 adolescent smokers who had smoked one cigarette and attended a five-day school smoking cessation program. The data were collected from October 24 to December 21, 1999. The instruments used in this study were the tools developed by Jee (1994) to measure TPB variables such as attitude toward smoking cessation behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, smoking cessation intention, and smoking cessation behavior. The data were analyzed with the SAS/PC program using descriptive statistics, hierarchical multiple regression, and logistic multiple regression. Results: 1. Attitude toward smoking cessation behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were partially significant in predicting smoking cessation intention. 2. Smoking cessation intention and perceived behavioral control toward smoking cessation behavior did not significantly predict smoking cessation behavior. 3. There were partial interaction effects among the attitude toward smoking cessation behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in the prediction of smoking cessation intention. 4. There were partial interaction effects between smoking cessation intention and perceiver behavioral control toward smoking cessation behavior in the prediction of smoking cessation behavior. Conclusion: This study partially demonstrated support for the TPB model that was partially useful in predicting smoking cessation intention and smoking cessation behavior among adolescent smokers. Therefore, it is recommended that attitude toward smoking cessation behavior and perceived behavioral control should be considered in developing smoking cessation programs and implementing nursing interventions to change the smoking behavior of adolescent smokers.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.34-35
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• 1996

The diffusional behavior of many non-solvents in glassy or semicrystalline polymers cannot be adequately described by a concentration-dependent form of Fick's law, especially when mass transfer is coupled with structural changes. Many mathematical models have been devised to interprete non-Fickian diffusion dominated by relaxation kinetics. In formulation of non-Fickian diffusion mathematics, therefore, the most important factor to consider is how relaxation effects can influence the governing constitutive equation and boundary conditions. That is, relaxation parameters can be accommodated by variable boundary conditions or a modified continuity equation, or both, depending on specific systems and conditions (Frish, 1980). Accoring to Astarita and Nicolais (1983), the model equations can be broadly categorized as continuous or discontinuous. Continuous model equations encompass phenomena where the structural change takes place gradually over the whole volume of the polymer sample (Crank, 1953; Long and Richman, 1961; Berens and Hopfenberg, 1978). On the other hand, discontinuous model equations deal with the phenomena where the morphological change appears to be abrupt (Li, 1984). Four mathematical models with different relaxation parameters were applied to fit the anomalous sorption data observed in fluoropolymers (PVDF, ECTFE). The fitted result for PVDF-benzene sorption data is shown in Fig. 1.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.596-601
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• 1998

Rubber has been widely used as a good device for reducing the vibration in various fields including the anti seismic device like LRB. The damping characteristic is needed to be mathematically modeled to predict the dynamic behavior of the isolated system. In this paper, The frequency response function was obtained experimentally by the resonant method and simulation was performed with the hysteretic model using the resonant test result. the hysteretic behavior of the rubber can be explained by the change of the static stiffness obtained in the DC by the concept of the transfer function.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.407-420
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vertical ground motion (VGM) on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) regular frame with construction joints, and determine more proper modeling method for cast-in-situ RC frame. The four-story RC frames in the regions of 7, 8 and 9 earthquake intensity were analyzed with nonlinear dynamic time-history method. Two different methods of ground motion input, horizontal ground motion (HGM) input only, VGM and HGM input simultaneously were performed. Seismic responses in terms of the maximum vertex displacement, the maximum inter-story drift distribution and the plastic hinge distribution were analyzed. The results show that VGM might increase or decrease the horizontal maximum vertex displacement depending on the value of axial load ratio of column. And it will increase the maximum inter-story drift and change its distribution. Finally, proper modeling method is proposed according to the distribution of plastic hinges, which is in well agreement with the actual earthquake damage.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.115-121
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• 2003

Discrete joint network approach has widely been used to investigate the hydraulic behavior of jointed rock masses. In general, joints will undergo deformation due to stress redistribution induced by construction of underground openings, hence joint aperture is often assumed to have a probability distribution rather than to be a constant value. In real situations, however, it is more reasonable to take into account the effect of stress change on aperture values by calculating joint deformation. In this report, a mechanical process has been developed to determine the joint opening or closure based on a statistically generated joint network model. By performing numerical analyses, some significant results on the hydro-mechanical behavior of jointed rock masses have been summarized.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.83-90
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• 2000

This paper presents an analytical prediction of the elastic behavior of discontinuous displacement in reinforced concrete column-footing joint under earthquake. Material nonlinearity is taken into account by comprising tensile, compressive and shear models of cracked concrete and a model of reinforcing steel. The smeared crack approach is incorporated. In boundary plane at which each member with different thickness is connected, local discontinuous deformation due to the abrupt change in their stiffness can be taken into account by introducing interface element. The proposed numerical method for hysteretic behavior of discontinuous displacement in reinforced concrete column-footing joint will be verified by comparison with reliable experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2130-2138
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• 2008

The present study investigates the ventilation effects on smoke spreading characteristics in railway tunnels with the rescue stations. Experiments were carried out for n-heptane pool fires with a square length 4 cm at different fire locations, and the heat release rates (HRR) were obtained by the measurement of burning rates. In addition, using the commercial code (FLUENT), the present article presents numerical results for smoke behavior in railway tunnels with rescue station, and it uses the MVHS (Modified Volumetric Heat Source) model for estimation of combustion products resulting from the fire source determined from the HRR measurement. As a result, it is found that smoke propagation is prevented successfully by the fire doors located inside the cross-passages and especially, the smoke behavior in the accident tunnel can be controlled through the ventilation system because of substantial change in smoke flow direction in the cross-passages.