• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.49-58
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the overall condition of the foundation for the three storied stone pagoda of Bulguksa temple in GyeongJu. As a research method, exploration of the electrical resistivity, refraction seismic, surface wave exploration, GPR exploration, Reputation loading test. The results of the investigation, the range of the foundation was formed in foundation stone outskirts of 1.5 ~ 2.0m. It was confirmed to be about 2.0m depth. The depth of the foundation becomes shallower from the base portion to the outside. And the bearing capacity of foundation was sufficient conditions to weight. It can sufficiently support the weight of pagoda. And, the result of this investigation becomes basis data for repair work.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.95-108
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find the diversification of the methodology of KM (knowledge management) Benchmarking which has been developed rapidly as a new managing paradigm all over the world for the 21th century. In particular, at the point of that it has been going to be inevitable for domestic companies to adopt and utilize a knowledge management system as the pending assignment for surviving in the 21th century, this study thus can enable them to support an adoption of KM and suggest directions for companies. Therefore, the successful cases of KM adoption all through the world have been analyzed by this study with the classifications of the industrial fields, work-flows from the view point of learning organizations and information technologies. As a result, the KM type bearing the specific of the respective industry has not been unrolled, and the common element in the analysis of work-flows has been found. Based on the result, it is desirable for the companies to adapt KM, extracting necessary work field for KM. Consequently speaking, they need to benchmark and adopt the KM methodology based on the extracted results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.593-598
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• 2000

In this paper the critical speed analysis and design sensitivity investigation are carried out with an APU(auxiliary power unit) gas turbine having a spline shaft connection. The DDM(direct differential method) is directly applied to formulate the critical speed design sensitivity problem of a general nonsymmetric-matrix rotor-bearing system. The design sensitivity analysis have shown that the critical speed change rate to the support modeling of the spline shaft connection point is extremely negligible, and thereby its design uncertainty is lifted. It has also been confirmed that the critical speeds up to the 4th are not sensitive to the design stiffness coefficients of 4-main bearings or supports, including two air foil bearings. Further, the critical speed change rate to the shaft-element length have shown quantitatively that the spline shaft has some limited influence on the 4th critical speed.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.80-84
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to review Intelligent Compaction (IC) techniques, which is regarded relatively new to the railroad roadbed construction activity. Most of civil structures are built on roadbed that supposed to provide adequate load bearing support to the upper structure through the qualified compaction process. However, it is not uncommon for structure failure attributed to inadequate compaction control take place in field sites. Unlike traditional compaction control method to check field density at several locations, IC techniques continuously measure various compaction quality indices that represent compaction uniformity. In this paper, a series of literature review relevant to IC techniques was conducted to provide concise summary on the following categories: 1) background of IC technique; 2) Summary of IC vendors and basic principles; 3) modeling of IC behavior, and 4) case study along with correlation between IC with other measurements. In summary, IC technologies seem to be promising in future railroad construction to achieve better compaction quality control so that the serviceability of railroad can be ensured with minimizing rehabilitation and maintenance activities.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2019

This study investigates the flexural behavior of steel-concrete composite beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. An innovative mechanical anchorage system was developed. The components of the system can be easily assembled on site before applying a prestressing force, and removed from the structures after strengthening is completed. A total of seven steel-concrete composite specimens including four simply supported beams strengthened at the positive moment region and three continuous beams strengthened at the negative moment region were tested statically until failure. Experimental results showed that the use of prestressed CFRP plates enhanced the flexural capacity and reduced the mid-span deflection of the beams. Furthermore, by prestressing the CFRP laminates, the material was used more efficiently, and the crack resistance of the continuous composite specimens at the central support was significantly improved after strengthening. Overall, the anchorage system proved to be practical and feasible for the strengthening of steel-concrete composite beams. The theoretical analysis of ultimate bearing capacity is reported, and good agreement between analytical values and experimental results is achieved.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.714-715
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• 2015

Drill and blast method has been most widely used in tunnel excavation, after NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) was introduced in 1983. The NATM method utilized mass of shotcrete to secure the bearing capacity of tunnels. Overbreak defined how much larger the actual excavation was than the planned. When it became larger, more shotcrete was required to fill in it Here, payline fixed allowable overbreak, referring to payable amounts of shotcrete. Since owner was not responsible for shotcrete exceeding payline, it was important to properly establish the standards for payline. Although the standards were provided in 'Poom-sam'(standardized quantity per unit), they did not properly reflect the actual conditions for excavation. Thus, this study reviewed existing domestic and foreign standards for overbreak, and estimated overbreak for each type of support using survey data, and finally provided the improvements on the current standards.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.207-223
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• 1993

Inpatients are mostly occupied in bed with restricted activity, nearly all patient populations are at risk for the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy due to decreased level of activity. Restriction of mobility is far greater in pediatric patients compared with adult patients since almost all the activities of daily living is performed by parents or caregivers. It could be assumed that pediatric patients are more vulnerable to skeletal muscle atrophy than adult patients, however, there have been no attempts to reduce the atrophy of developing muscle. Therefore it is important to determine the effect of exercise in developing muscle during decreased activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodic weight support during hindlimb suspension on the mass and cross-sectional area of Type I and II fibers in developing soleus(Type I ) muscle. To examine the effectiveness of periodic weight support activity in maintaining mass and fiber size. the hindlimb of young female Wistar rats was suspended(HS) and half of these rats walked on a treadmill for 45min / day(15min every 4h) at 5m / min at a 15 grade(HS-WS). After 7days of hindlimb suspension, soleus wet weight was 28. 57% smaller and relative soleus weight was 28. 21% smaller in comparison with con-trol rats (p〈0.05) Soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight increased by 67.72% and 71.43% each with periodic weight support activity during hindlimb suspension (p〈0.01, p〈0.005), moreover soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight of the HS -WS rats were greater than those of the control group. No change was observed in fiber type percentage of the developing soleus muscle after 1 week of hindlimb suspension plus weight support activity. Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus muscle were 50.45% and 43.39% lower in the HS group than in the control group (p〈0.0001), type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus were 24.49% and 29.93% greater in the HS - WS group than in the HS rats (p〈0.0001), whereas Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of HS - WS group were less than those of the control group, The results suggest that periodic weight support activity can ameliorate developing soleus muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension, even in type II fibers that would not have been expected to be recruited by this type of neuromuscular demand. Clinical experimental study is needed to deter-mine the effect of periodic weight bearing exercise on developing atrophied leg muscle based on these results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.996-1002
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• 2013

This study addresses the development of a full duplex robotic system for transferring flat-panel display glass. We propose to accomplish this using a bidirectional linear transfer mechanism in place of the conventional rotary transfer mechanism. The developed full duplex robot comprises a driving part that carries the glass panel laterally, vertical part that can be moved up and down by means of a ball screw and linear motion guide arrangement, and hand part that slides by the cylinder of the driving part along the guide rail with a V-guide bearing attached to the bottom of the support. In addition, an alignment part prevents the hand part from derailing and holds the hand part while the driving part moves horizontally. The full duplex robot lifts and drives a glass panel directly while transferring it to the buffer and does not require rotational motion. Therefore, both transferring and stacking are realized with a single device. This device can be used in existing industrial facilities as an alternative to existing industrial robots in current as well as future process lines. The proposed full duplex robot is expected to save considerable amounts of time and space, and increase product throughput.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.2 s.95
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

This paper investigates the radial performance of self-acting spiral-grooved air bearing, used to support small high-speed rotating bodies. Repeatable runout, nonrepeatable runout, stiffness and supporting load are selected as the performance. The clearance between rotor and stator, the stator groove depth, and the rotating speed are chosen as three main parameters affecting the performances. Force application and displacement measurement are done in a noncontact manner, in order not to disturb operation: electromagnetic force is applied to the rotor and gap sensors are used to measure the displacement of the rotor. Experimental results show that repeatable runout decreases as speed, groove depth and clearance decrease. Nonrepeatable runout decreases as clearance decreases, and it has a minimum value at $5.5{\mu}m$ of grove depth and a maximum value at speed of 18.000rpm. Stiffness increases as speed increases and clearance decreases, and has a maximum value around $5.5{\mu}m$ of groove depth. The relationship between force and displacement is linear for small displacement, but becomes nonlinear for large displacement. Supporting load is linearly proportional to the stiffness, and it is a maximum value around $4.75{\mu}m$ of clearance.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1032-1038
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• 2009

A polypyrrole (PPy)/alumina composite filler prepared via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on alumina particles was incorporated into $Nafion^{(R)}$ to improve the performance of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators. The IPMCs with the pristine PPy without alumina support did not show bending displacements superior to that of the bare Nafion-based IPMC, except at a high PPy content of 4 wt%. This result was attributed to the low redox efficiency of the PPy alone in the IPMC and may have also been related to the modulus of the IPMC. However, at the optimized filler contents, the cyclic displacement of the IPMCs bearing the PPy/alumina filler was 2.2 times larger than that of the bare Nafion-based IPMC under an applied AC potential of 3 Vat 1 Hz. Even under a low AC potential of 1.5 V at 1 Hz, the displacement of the PPy/alumina-based IPMCs was a viable level of performance for actuator applications and was 2.7 times higher than that of the conventional Nafion-based IPMC. The generated blocking force was also improved with the PPy/aiumina composite filler. The greatly enhanced performance and the low-voltage-operational characteristic of the IPMCs bearing the PPy/alumina filler were attributed to the synergic effects of the neighboring alumina moiety near the PPy moiety involving electrochemical redox reactions.