• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

Simple but effective fast codebook searching algorithms for quantized EGT(equal gain transmission) are presented. Using newly defined metric, rough searching selects a few candidate weight vectors. Using the conventional metric, accurate searching determines the optimal vector among the candidates. This strategy reduces the entire searching time. When the number of transmit antenna is two or three, the searching time reduces more than a half less than the conventional searching time. Moreover, the more the size of codebook increases, the more the searching time reduction also increases.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

In this paper, we provide efficient spectrum sensing technology for smooth use of frequency and energy charge of multi-copter. The proposed structures focus on improving performance of spectrum sensing that is based on Ad-hoc network. First, we explain basic principles and disadvantages of cooperative spectrum sensing and ad-hoc based spectrum sensing. To solve these problems, in this paper, we employ the beamforming technology that guarantees higher transmit primary users' signal power to secondary users in ad-hoc network. The performance of proposed algorithm is analyzed in terms of detection probabilities, and the results of this paper can be applied to the various ad-hoc based Cognitive Radio system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.723-726
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• 2009

In this research, We simulated performances of error reduction algorithm for the speech signal based on the microphone array-based beamforming method in speech recognition system and analyzed its performance. Also, we processed speech signal adopted from microphone array and maximum signal to noise ratio for each channel, and then compared them with signal to noise ratio of speech signal. Speech recognition rate is improved from 54.2% to 61.4% in case 1 and is improved from 41.2% to 50.5% in case 2 of the lower signal to noise ratio. Therefore the average reduction rates are showed 15.7% in case 1.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.560-565
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• 2018

The SPICE (Sparse Iterative Covariance-based Estimation) algorithm estimates the azimuth angle by applying a sparse recovery method to the covariance matrix in the time domain. In this paper, we show how the SPICE algorithm, which was originally formulated in the time domain, can be extended to the frequency domain. Furthermore, we demonstrate, through numerical results, that the performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of the conventional frequency domain algorithm.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.868-874
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a new jammer suppression algorithm that uses orthogonal waveform space projection (OWSP) processing for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar system exposed to a jamming signal. Generally, a conventional suppression algorithm based on adaptive beamforming (ABF) needs a covariance matrix composed of the jammer and noise only. By exploiting the orthogonality of the transmitting waveforms of MIMO, we can construct a transmitting waveform space (TWS). Then, using the OWSP processing, we can build a space orthogonal to the TWS that contains no SOI. By excluding the SOI from the received signal, even in the case that contains the SOI and jamming signal, the proposed algorithm makes it possible to evaluate the covariance matrix for ABF. We applied the proposed OWSP processing to suppressing the jamming signal in bistatic MIMO radar. We verified the performance of the proposed algorithm by comparing the SINR loss to that of the ideal covariance matrix composed of the jammer and noise only. We also derived the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm and compared the estimation of the DOD and DOA using the SOI with those using the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) algorithm.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2022

The public open signals from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) including Global positioning system (GPS) are used widely by many peoples in the world except for the public regulated restriction signals which are encrypted. Nowadays there are growing concerns about GNSS signal spoofing which can deceive the GNSS receivers by abusing these open services. To counter these spoofing threats, many researches have been studied including array antenna techniques which can detect the direction of arrival by means of Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Originally the array antenna techniques were developed to countermeasure the jamming signal in electronic warfare by using the nulling or beamforming algorithm toward a certain direction. In this paper, we study the anti-spoofing techniques using array antenna to overcome the jamming and spoofing issues simultaneously. First, we will present the theoretical analysis results of spoofing signal response of Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) algorithm in array antenna. Then the eigenvector algorithm of covariance matrix is suggested and verified to work with the existing anti-jamming method. The modeling and simulation are used to verify the effectiveness of the anti-spoofing algorithm. Also, the field test results show that the array antenna system with the proposed algorithms can perform the anti-spoofing function. This anti-spoofing method using array antenna is very effective in the view point of solving both the jamming and spoofing problems using the same array antenna hardware.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.9C
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• pp.895-904
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• 2007

This paper proposes a robust sub-optimal smart antenna in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) basestation. It makes use of the property of the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm and the Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) algorithm for beamforming processes. The weight update takes place at symbol level which follows the PN correlators of receiver module under the assumption that the post correlation desired signal power is far larger than the power of each of the interfering signals. The proposed algorithm is simple and has as low computational load as five times of the number of antenna elements(O(5N)) as a whole per each snapshot. The output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of the proposed smart antenna system when the weight vector reaches the steady state has been examined. It has been observed in computer simulations that proposed beamforming algorithm improves the SINR significantly compared to the single antenna case. The convergence property of the weight vector has also been investigated to show that the proposed hybrid algorithm performs better than CGM and LMS during the initial stage of the weight update iteration. The Bit Error Rate (BER) characteristics of the proposed array has also been shown as the processor input Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) varies.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.12-15
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• 1996

An array often has faulty elements in real operation. The faulty elements, producing no output or highly reduced gain than other normal elements, cause an elevated sidelobe level and fail to reject the interference signals in an adaptive beamformer. In this paper we have presented the beamforming algorithm for arrays with faulty elements. In the ideal case, an autocorrelation matrix computed from array output data is the toeplitz. However, the inverse of the autocorrelation matrix computed from array with faulty elements can not be obtained due to deficient values of matrix. To overcome this problem, an adaptive beamforming algorithm using the average values of the diagonal terms of matrix is proposed. The computer simulations have been performed to study the performance of the presented method. We have been able to solve the degrees-of-freedom problem that is the drawback of the previous subaperture processing technique.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 1992

Many adaptive beamforming methods have been studied for interference cancellation and speech signal enhancement in telephone conference and auditorium. Main aspect of adaptive beamforming methods for speech signal processing is different from radar, sonar and seismic signal processing because desire output signal should be apt to the human ear. Considering that phase of speech is quite insensible to the human ear, Sondhi proposed a nonlinear constrained optimization technique whose constraint was on the magnitude transfer function from the source to the output. In real environment the phase response of the speech signal affects the human auditorium system. So it is desirable to design linear phase system. In this paper, linear phase beamformer is proposed and sample processing algorithm is also proposed for real time consideration Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields more consistent beam patterns and deep nulls to the noise direction than Sondhi's.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.10A
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• pp.1471-1479
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• 1999

This paper presents an adaptive beamforming algorithm for an MC-CDMA system with an adaptive array antenna. By employing an antenna array at the receiver of an MC-CDMA system, the performance of an MC-CDMA system, which is known to be effective for high data rate transmission due to its robustness to multipath fading and its simplicity for using a simple one-tap equalizer, is shown to be significantly improved. The proposed algorithm for adaptive beanforming in an MC-CDMA system is derived by (1) calculating the error signals between the pilot symbols of desired user and the received pilot signals in frequency domain, (2) transforming the frequency-domain error signals into time-domain error signals, (3) updating the filter coefficients of the adaptive beamformer in the direction of minimizing the MSE. Convergence behavior and performance improvement of the proposed approach are demonstrated through computer simulation by applying it to the conventional MC-CDMA system.