• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-91
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• 1992

A new type of horizontal submerged break water or fixed structure to control waves near coastal area is introduced to focus wave energy before or behind it. Intentionally, the water depth near the structure is changed gradually to get a refraction and diffraction effect. The concentration of wave energy due to the structure was analyzed for the selected design of structure. The shape of the submerged structure in consideration is a circular combined with elliptical curve not to cause reflection of waves at the extreme edge of the structure but cause wave scattering. The direction of the structure against the incident wave is changed easily in the model Applying a regular wave train the following were examined. 1) whether a crescent plain submerged structure designed by the wave refraction theory can concentrate wave energy at a focal zone behind and before it without wave breaking phenomenon. 2) Location of maximum wave amplification factor in terms of the incident wave direction, wave period, etc. In any event the study would contribute to control waves near coastal area and to protect a beach from erosion without interruption of ocean view it is an useful study for the concentration of wave energy efficiently with the increase of wave height.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2019

The geomorphological changes of an unvegetated part of the Okjukdong coastal dune were analyzed between 2008 and 2018. Its natural landscape has been destroyed after artificial forestation, but there is no quantitative evidence on these changes. In this study, we measured the unvegetated area using a total station and a network RTK-GPS in 2008, 2014, and 2018. Using Krging method for the three point data sets, we constructed digital elevation models (DEMs) and analyzed topographic changes between the three years. The results showed that the sand of the study area decreased in volume from 2008 to 2014, because sand supply from the nearby beach was blocked by coastal forests. The sand volume temporarily increased from 2014 to 2018, because of the dune nourishment conducted in 2017. It seems that the upper part of the sand dune has shrunk, but the sand at the bottom has increased over the last decade.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

Airborne or spaceborne remote sensing can increase the efficiency of seabed material surveys compared with field surveying using a vessel. For the same seabed material, the optical remote sensing image shows variation in the reflectance depending on the water depth, which is due to the absorption and scattering by the water column. This study suggests a correction procedure to use the hyperspectral image for seabed material analysis. The study is conducted in the coastal area from Sacheonjin Port to Gyungpo Beach in Gangwon-do. The hyperspectral image is acquired using the CASI-1500 sensor. The diffuse attenuation coefficient is estimated for each band through regression models between the water reflectance and depth. Then, the coefficient is applied to each band of the image. As a result, the completely corrected image can be interpreted for a deeper area, although the interpretable area is very shallow without water column correction. Additionally, the water column corrected image shows decreased variation of reflectance with various water depths.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.729-735
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• 2015

This study was carried out to analyze the community structure and distribution of macrobenthos in Hakampo sandy shore. As for the environmental factors of sampling stations, the average grain size of the sediments from the sampling stations was $2.37{\phi}$ with the range of $1.90{\phi}{\sim}2.52{\phi}$, which represents the typical medium sand sedimentary facies of sandy beach. The average sediment organic content was 1.15% with the range of 0.90%~1.46%. Most stations had low sediment organic content which is typical of sandy beach. The number of species were total 59 from 6 taxa and the individuals was $668inds./m^2$ in the 10 stations of the study area. Based on the Bray-Curtis similarity analysis, the 10 stations of the study area were broadly divided into 3 groups. The highest part of intertidal zone was St. 2~St. 4, the middle part of intertidal zone was St. 5~St. 8, and the lower part of intertidal zone was St. 9~St. 10. A spatial community structure was observed which is divided into the highest, middle, and lower parts.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2015

This study is to explore geosites considering the geological characteristics in Gochang-gun and to investigate a possibility of being designated as the national geopark of Korea. In this study, the geosites within Gochang-gun are explored through literature search and field work. The results indicate that seven of the geosites in the Seonunsan area are relevant as potential national geopark, including Jinheunggul, Dosolam Maebulsang, Youngmungul, Nakjodae and Cheonmabong, Byungbawi, spherulitic rhyolite, and Dolmen site. In addition, there are other areas that have valus in terms of geological and educational aspect, including Hajeon mud flat and Myoungsasipri beach. The results of study imply that if various educational programs for the geotourism are properly developed, the Gochang-gun area has potential to be designated as the national geopark of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

The Daehang-ri intertidal flat located the just outside of the Saemangeum dike has been reported to show new-developing flats. Based on the topographic surveys of 21 times from 2000 to 2016 by a leveling method every year, this site clearly shows variation of deposition/erosion in time and space. Deposition has consistently occurred at the rate of +3.75 cm per year at the area along the dike (Zone 1), and this tidal flat is expanding and prograding seaward. In the area of far from the dike (Zone 2), on the other hand, erosion prevails at the rate of -2.38 cm per year, and this zone tends to retreat landward. However, the erosional trend of Zone 2 has slightly slowed down since 2014. As a whole from 2000 to 2016, net deposition is recorded over 3.0 m at the upper beach and the area adjacent to the dike (Zone 1), while erosion up to 1.0 m in Zone 2. In conclusion, the results at the Daehang-ri intertidal flat clearly revealed that its topographic changes were induced by the artificial structures and water masses through its sluice gate. Counter-clockwise gyre newly created after the sea dikes construction probably results in relocating of sediment outside the dike 1 by transportation of materials eroded from the south to the north along the coast.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.53-70
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• 2020

Silgyeong sansuhwa (Realistic landscape paintings) are drawn in Korea since 17th century. It has characteristics of more realistic description of landscape than painting from previous periods. Kim Hong Do's 'Haedong Myeongsan docheop (The album of paintings of famous mountains in Korea)' has been recognized as fine example of realistic description of geomorphic landscapes. Kim Hong Do and Kim Eung hwan did official travel to Gwandong and Geumgangsan area by order of King Jeongjo in 1788. As a result of that travel they draw about 100 piece of landscape painting. About 60 pieces of the paintings are still remaining. These are open to public by Korea National Museum in 1996. 14 pieces of painting, Daegwanryeong and Gangneung, Gyeongpo-dae, Hohae-jeong, Gahak-jeong, Cheonggan-jeong, Mun-am, Mangyang-jeong, Wolsong-jeong, Neungpa-dae, Naksan-sa, Mureung-gye, Gyejo-gul, and Hyeonjong-am, are analysed in this study. Coastal depositional landforms, like lagoon, sand beach and spit or barriers, erosional forms, like sea stack, sea cliff and sea cave, depicted in the paintings are analysed. In addition, structural landforms, colluvial landform and bedrock incision form by the running water in mountain area were analysed and weathered forms of granite and excursion to karst cave also discussed. It is found that sea arch in the printing destroyed since 1788, though exact position and reason is still unknown. There are strong need for discovery and identification of geomorphic landscape resources, for applied geomorphological studies and for prepare educational materials for non-face-to-face education. It also be emphasized that it can be used of the course work materials for future education using augmented reality and virtual reality technology.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.611-628
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• 2023

This study aimed to explore the geo-educational value of Deokmyeong-ri in Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnamdo, through field research. The study area comprises well-exposed outcrops, which can be used as field sites during field trip for studying sedimentary structures (normal grading bedding, cross bedding, ripple, and desiccation crack), coastal depositional environments (coastal cliff, shore platform, and gravel beach), basic principles of relative dating (unconformity, fault, intrusion, and xenolith), and columnar joints. This study evaluated the field sites based on the achievement standards and textbooks used in the science curriculum. The field sites have a high educational value because they exhibit typicality, as mentioned in the textbook, and provide study materials for enrichment learning. Furthermore, Deokmyeong-ri Area has well-developed tourist and educational infrastructures; thus, it is a safe place for geological education.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 2011

The fluctuation of inundation height due to climate change and sea level rise is expected to cause the socio-economical damage in the coastal zone. To evaluate the inundation damage in Haeundae Beach Area, the inundation height was calculated using the observed data and the range of inundated area and buildings was estimated by applying to DEM data, which was constructed with airborne LiDAR data. The range of inundated area and buildings were estimated with 5 scenario of sea level rise in the condition of minimum and maximum inundation height. When the 181cm, the area of 7.19ha and 5 buildings were expected to be inundated. As 20cm in sea level rises at the minimum of the inundation height, the area of 8.90ha and 8buildings were expected to be inundated. As 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, 60cm in sea level rise, 9.98ha and 9 buildings, 11.11ha and 11buildings, 12.41ha and 11buildings, 14.18ha and 14buildings were expected to be inundated, respectively. When the 526 cm, the area of 32.35ha and 42buildings were expected to be inundated. As 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, 60cm in sea level rise at the maximum of the inundation height, 38.94ha and 47buildings, 42.46ha and 52buildings, 45.76ha and 58buildings, 49.51ha and 66buildings, 52.53ha and 72buildings were expected to be inundated, respectively. The leisure and industry facilities, socio-economical installation, habitation are located near by the estimated inundation area, then the inundation damage is expected to be greater scale.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.1 s.59
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• pp.66-75
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• 2006

When we looked at the seasonal food dregs of the eastern side of gangwondo, gangneung city's summer and winter food dregs showed 25.9 and 25.8% respectively due to the presence of beach areas and ski resorts. Sokcho city showed 28.12% in summer and yangyang gun's summer food dregs showed 40.2%. Yangyang gun's august food dregs showed 2.7 times larger than annual average amount. Outlook density showed regional characteristics. Data showed that food dregs' amount rate has been reduced gradually from 2005 because of the prohibition of direct filling up. As a result of compositions analysis, the eastern side of gangwondo's water fraction of living dregs were lower than that of chuncheon city where is located at the gangwondo's inland area. chuncheon city's data showed residential areas 53.5%, community areas 56.8% and commercial areas 55.6%. These discrepancies caused by the characteristics of dregs discharge type and climate. The caloric value of dregs has been increased incrementally after the ban of food dregs' direct filling up. Therefore, heating value of the dregs exceeds the existing furnace design spec and it can cause high caloric value problems, so we need additional research to solve these problems.