• 한국균학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1994

원형질체 융합으로 주름버섯목 느타리버섯과 민주름버섯목 잔나비걸상버섯과의 이목간 체세포잡종을 36균주 얻어 꺽쇠연결체 clamp connections있는 2균주와 꺽쇠연결체 없는 3균주의 자실체를 형성하였다. 꺽쇠연결체 없는 융합주는 한천배지나 액체배지에서는 자실체를 얻을 수 없었다. 그러나 톱밥배지에서 균사가 완전히 성장한 후 일정한 광과 온도를 유지한 결과 꺽쇠연결체가 있는 균사가 새로이 성장하였으며 거의 완전하게 다시 성장한 후 원기가 유도되고 자실체가 성숙하였다. 버섯자실체 특성은 느타리버섯과 유사하였으며, 갓 색택은 느타리와는 다소 다르게 나타났다. 3균주의 담자포자로 유전형질의 분리와 유전자재조합을 조사한 결과 꺽쇠연결체 있는 2균주는 비정상적인 분리 현상을 보였는데, 양친에 없는 ane, rib, ane rib 표지를 가진 것이 나타났다. 3종류의 random primer를 이용하여 핵산 연쇄 중합반응 polymerase chain reaction(PCR)에 의한 4개 체세포잡종의 염색체 DNA의 다형화현상을 조사한 결과 느타리친과 유사한 양상을 가졌으나 비양친의 밴드를 나타내었으며 primer #87, #125의 1.2kbp, 0.6kbp에서 각각 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 4개 체세포잡종의 미토콘드리아 DNA의 제한효소 EcoR1과 HindIII의 절단결과 2균주는 느타리와 동일하였으며 2균주는 양친과 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 원형질체 융합주, 융합주 자실체로부터의 조직배양주, 융합주의 담자포자 발아주, 양친주를 포함하여 총16균주를 등전점 전기영동으로 동위효소 esterase를 분석한 결과 융합주 6균주중 5균주는 느타리와 유사하였으며 1균주는 양친과 전혀 다른 새로운 밴드양상으로 이들 모두 양친과 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 융합주와 자실체 조직배양주는 밴드양상이 거의 유사하였으나 $F^2$는 다소 차이가 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2000

Abstract Two glucans (PONGa and PONGb) differing in their anomeric and glycosidic linkage structures were isolated from the water-insoluble materials (PON) of Pleurotus ostreatus basidiocarps, which activated the complement system and were almost soley composed of D-glucose. The isolatIon was achieved by repeated precipitations with ethanol and adsorption on concanavalin A (Con A) of paN suspension in thymol/NaCL Based on methylation analysis. IR, GLC-MS, $^1H,{\;}and{\;}^{13}C-NMR$ spectroscopies, PONGa was found to be a branched a-glucan composed of ${\alpha}-linked$ D-glucopyranose residues and ${\alpha}-linked$ units with 6-branching points, whereas PONGb was a linear ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ composed mainly of ${\beta}-1,3-linked$ D-glucopyranose residues. The PONGb particles reacted more potently than the PONGa particles as C3 activator in alternative complement hemolysis and crossed-immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3, thereby suggesting that the complement activating components of PON were ${\beta}-(13)-glucans rather$ than ${\alpha}-glucan$ components.onents.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2002

For comparison of mycelial colonization of Phellinus linteus on logs, several techniques of inoculation were tested; sterilized short log inoculation, drilling inoculation and log-end sandwich inoculation. The mycelial colonization of P. linteus on logs was good in the treatment of sterilized short log inoculation, but poor in the traditional methods such as drilling inoculation and log-end sandwich inoculation. The initial mycelial growth and the full mycelial colonization of P. linteus in logs were the best in case of 20 cm logs under the condition of 42% moisture content. Also, the initial mycelial growth of P. linteus was accelerated over 12 hours of sterilization. Burying method of logs after $5{\sim}6$ months of incubation was the best for formation of basidiocarps of P. linteus. The formation of fruiting body of P. linteus was quite good in the cultivation house at $31{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ and over 96% of relative humidity.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.196-199
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• 2003

A very reliable and specific method for the identification of fungi in ectotrophic mycorrhizal symbiosis was developed using a specific PCR assay based on the amplification of the ITS1 region. To obtain specific data, an ITS-diagnostic assay was carried out that reveals genera and species specific sequences. Here, an application of one method is presented, which covers the identification of pure mycelia, basidiocarps as well as mixed samples such as ectomycorrhizal roots that were mingled with remains of the host plant. For this purpose a protocol was established that allowed the extraction of DNA from single mycorrhizal roots. In order to perform a specific ITS analysis we generated a new ITS-primer(ITS8) by a multiple alignment of five different genera and species of mycorrhizal fungi. The utilization of ITS1 and ITS8 resulted in specific PCR amplicons, which were characterized by sequencing without purification steps, even when the template DNA was associated with roots.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 1996

To find pharmacologically active components of Agrocybe cylin(Iracea, its basidiocarps were extracted with water. The extracts were separated by DEAE cellulose column chromatography, Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration, and Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Among the obtained fractions from A, cylinclracea, fraction IN which was the neutral proteinbound-polysaccharide fraction exhibited a marked antitumor activity and it was tentatively named "Cylindan". It showed about 70% of tumor inhibition against the solid form of sarcoma 180 when a dose of 30 mg/kg/day was intraperitoneally injected into ICR mice. When each fraction was examined by chemical analysis, Cylindan consisted of 85% polysaccharide, 3% protein and 1% hexosamine. Its polysaccharide moiety contained glucose, mannose, fucose and galactose and its protein moiety contained the comparatively large amounts of aspartic acid and glycine, and other 11 amino acids.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 1989

야생형(野生形)인 만가닥버섯 Lyophyllum ulmarium(=Hypsizigus marmoreus) ASI 8007에서 분리한 분열자(分裂子)와 잔나비걸상버섯 영양요구주 Ganoderma applanatum ASI 7-18 (cys met)의 원형질체(原形質體)를 polyethylene glycol로 융합(融合)하여 융합주를 얻었다. 융합주는 GCM(Ganoderma complete modium)에서 양친균총이 혼합된 형태였으나 3회 계대 배양되면서 만가닥버섯 균총으로 변하여 균사에는 클램프연결체와 분열자를 지녔고, 만가닥과 거의 유사한 자실체를 형성하였다. 균사체로 esterase 동위효소(同位酵素)를 분석하였는데 만가닥이 1개 밴드, 잔나비걸상이 2개의 밴드를 가진데 비하여 융합주는 양친의 3개와 새로운 2개의 밴드를 나타내었다. 이들 융합주 상호간에는 균총형태, 생장속도, esterase 동위효소, 자실체 특성에 있어서 거의 차이가 없어 아주 안정되게 양친의 유전물질을 보유하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2021

Phellinus strains were collected from different areas in Korea. Of them, the fast mycelial growing strains were artificially cultivated on the oak logs to produce fruiting body. The varieties, Phellinus linteus ASI26099 (Korea Sanghwang) and P. baumii PBJS (Jangsoo Sanghwang) were grown under the same conditions as controls. Their cultivating characteristics including mycelial colonization, pinhead formation, and fruiting body formation rate were investigated on the logs. Basidiocarps of Phellinus strains HN00K9, HN6036, and ASI26099 were concentrically zonate and shallowly sulcate, and dark chestnut showing typical characteristics of Tropicoporus linteus (synonyum: P. linteus, Inonotus linteus, polyporus linteus), which is distinguishably different to PBJS. HN00K9 showed the highest yield of fruiting body among the mushroom strains. The β-glucan content in fruiting bodies of HN00K9 was 20% higher than those of other strains. Bioactive effects of polysaccharide samples from fruiting bodies of Phellinus strains, HN00K9, HN6036, ASI26099, and PBJS were assessed on cell viability and cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) inhibition and finally on anticancer to different human cancer cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.425-431
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• 1997

To examine components of Ganoderma lucidum for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, the aqueous extracts of its basidiocarps were separated into high-molecular-weight (HMF) and low-molecular-weight (LMF) fractions. These fractions were used in XTT [2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide] antiviral assay which can quantitatively measure cytopathic effects of HIV-1 on CEM, human T lymphoblastoid cell line. The CEM cell line added with serial diluted HMF or LMF was cultured in the absence or presence of HIV-1. The results showed that the LMF of the aqueous extract strongly inhibited cytopathic effect of the target cell induced by HIV-1. When two-fold serially diluted LMF ranging from $40.97{\mu}g/ml$4 to 125.00 .mu.g/ml was added to the virus-free culture system, no toxicity on the target cells was detected in all the concentrations tested. However, when it was added to the HIV-infected culture system, the viabilities of the target cell reached a plateau recovering its viabilities to 71.7% and 82.5% in experiment-1 and -2 at 15.60 .mu.g/ml, respectively. The cell viabilities were then gradually decreased but maintained at more than 50% above 31.20 .mu.g/ml concentration. On the contrary, HMF did not prevent any HIV-induced cytopathic effect at any concentrations tested on this cell line. From these results, negligible toxicities were observed by both HMF and LMF of G. luciolum, and recovery of cell viability in HIV infected target cell was induced only by LMF of the carpophores.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.349-353
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• 1999

현재까지 국내에 보고된 꽃구름버섯은 도합 5종으로서 그중 4종은 흰테꽃구름버섯(Stereum gausapatum), 꽃구름버섯(S. hirsutum), 갈색꽃구름버섯(S. ostrea), 및 배착꽃구름버섯(S. ochraceo-flavum)이며, 나머지 1종은 거북꽃구름 버섯속에 속하는 너털거북꽃구름버섯(Xylobolus spectabile)으로서 낭상체의 형태적 특징에 의하여 거북꽃구름버섯속(Xylobolus)에 속하여 왔으나, Boidin과 Chamuris는 배양학적 특징에 의하여 후자를 꽃구름버섯속(Stereum)으로 분류하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 "너털거북꽃구름버섯"(X. spectabile)을 꽃구름버섯속에 재분류하여 분류체계를 개선하고 우리말 이름을 "너털꽃구름버섯"(S. spectabile)으로 개칭하는 바이다. 또한 서울대학교 표본실(Seoul National University Fungal Collection, SFC)에 보관되어 있는 꽃구름버섯을 대상으로 조사한 결과 5종의 꽃구름버섯종들이 미기록종으로 동정되었으며, 이들 미기록종은 Stereum subtomentosum(갈색털꽃구름버섯, 신칭), S. peculiare(껍질 꽃구름버섯, 신칭), S. sanguinolentum(유혈꽃구름버섯, 신칭), S. striatum(줄무늬꽃구름버섯, 신칭), 및 S. complicatum(복합꽃구름버섯, 신칭)이었다. 이로서 한국산 꽃구름버섯 종들은 도합 10종에 이르며 본 연구를 통하여 국내 꽃구름 버섯의 동정을 위하여 새로운 검색표를 제시하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제25권4호통권83호
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• pp.268-275
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• 1997

High prices of raw materials used as media for the mushroom cultivation increased the cost of commercial production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). In this study, garlic peels (Allium sativum f. pekinese) as an agricultural by-product were investigated to replace the saw dust for the bottle cultivation of oyster mushroom. Mycelial growth of oyster mushroom were examined by the extracts made from the sawdust, rice bran and garlic peels. The mycelial growth was very poor in the agar media containing the extracts of sawdust or garlic peels, but was good when those of the rice bran were added. In the polypropylene bottle experiment, the sawdust medium which ammended with minerals vitamin was essential for the production of the mushroom fruitbodies. The rice bran was considered to stimulate the mycelial growth, but not the development of basidiocarps. The garlic peel was not a factor to stimulate the production of mushroom fruitbodies, but a raw material ammended with the rice bran produced much amounts of mushroom. In this work, garlic peels ($10{\sim}70%$ v/v) added to the mixture of sawdust and rice bran (4 : 1, v/v) was considered to help the productions of mushroom fruitbodies. Based on the result, the replacement of expensive saw dust with inexpensive garlic peels was a good example to reduce production cost of the bottle cultivation of mushroom.