• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.5-20
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• 2006

Purpose: This study examines the degree of empowerment recognized by the 1st paramedics and the trend of their critical thinking, analyzes correlations between empowerment and critical thinking to reveal whether there is statistically significant difference between them and then is to provide basic materials necessary for research on empowerment and critical thinking. Method: This study distributes 105 structured self-report questionnaires to the 1st emergency medical technicians working at fire fighting police boxes, general hospitals, clinics and emergency medical information centers in G Metropolitan City and J province from April 29 to May 28, 2006, collects their responses directly and analyzes results with t-test, F-test(ANOVA) and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Result: 1. First, average score of empowerment of subjects was 4.68 out of 6 and according to scores by area, capacity 5.98 was highest, followed by significance 5.41, self- determination 4.44 and effectiveness 3.79. 2. degree of empowerment according to general characteristics of subjects showed statistically significant differences in final education(F=2.714, p= .049), level of salary (F=3.298, p= .014) and satisfaction of current job (F=5.399, p= .001). 3. average score of critical thinking of subjects was 3.28 out of 7 and according to areas, no bias 3.95 was highest, followed by maturity 3.68, structure 3.35, inquisitiveness 3.11, pursuit of truth 3.07, critical thinking and self-confidence 3.00, analyticity 2.98. 4. degree of critical thinking by general characteristics of subjects showed statistically significant differences in age(F=2.577, p= .041), final education (F=7.877, p= .000), current workplace (F=3.513, p= .018), level of salary(F=4.628, p= .002), satisfaction with current job(F=6.879, p= .000) and intention to transfer current job(t=15.21, p=.000). 5. as a result of correlations between empowerment and critical thinking of subjects, Pearson correlation coefficients between whole empowerment and critical thinking were r= .21, p=.013. Conclusion: It is considered that the 1st paramedic managers must seek how to keep and manage empowerment and development of education and training program which can enhance critical thinking is needed. Further, emergency educators must develop educational program based on the concept of empowerment to establish early awareness of a desirable organization culture and increase understanding of empowerment in the process of education.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.165-182
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• 1994

Korea's clothing industry which has been country's leading export industry and basic strategical industry is now faced with many difficulties both domestically and internationally. Domestically it is faced with continuing shortage of manpower in both production line and management high labour cost causing increase in price putting more weight on behavior of consumers resulting in change of industrial environment and continuing structural problems of industry itself. Internationally it is faced with strengthening of import regulations and protectionism of developed countries and rapid emergence of underdeveloped countries as leading exporting nations. In reality export plays the most essential role in our economy and is especially sensitive to the external environmental factors. Already economic bloc phonomenon can be seen everywhere and is continuing to accelerate in place such as E. U in Europ, North & South America as NAFTA, and South East Asian contries which recent tendency of economic unity effort is present. These countries of such economic blocs are imposing heavy custom duties reinforcing provision of country origin and acting out strict inspection regulations in order to protect the interest of their own industry. Therefore it is vital to manufacture excellent quality goods For these reasons study in this area has brought attention in Korea as well as worldwide in the recent years. Apparel industry which requires professional technology and ability is the most competitive international business. In order to challenge the international market the high level of intelligence is most required to produce high quality goods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between functions and roles of marketing and to approach problems in more efficient manner. Apparel industry is composed of various programs such as design pattern making merchandising and textile science. To succeed in the business is to give the highest satisfaction to the targeted market. Hence this study will example the factors that determine the Cost Quality and Performance of apparel products. The study will involve following steps; firstly establish relationship between the quality concept and productivity of apparel products Secondly inquire in to marketing strategy laying stress on apparel production related factors focusing on merchandising marketing production and operations Thirdly prospect 21st century apparel industry focusing on garment production and trade and also other countries structural improvement Fourthly establish the new dimension of competitive factors by grasping the actual circumstance of Korea's apparel industry in the international market. The research method will include; First reality approach method by analysing the present state of industry Second literal analysis such as marketing comparisons between leading apparel exporting countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.24
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• pp.121-142
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• 1995

The Expressionism took shape in the early twentieth century, so called as the time of change and innovation which intermediated between the time of extreme prosperity and peace and the time of disruption. This study is based on the wide sense of Expressionism out of various concepts of Expressionism. The afore-mentioned phenomenon was emphasized all the more in the French Expressionism and it is the most important and substantial object in the Art to make a direct transference of emotion , feeling and thought and it could be regarded as one of characteristics of the French Expressionism . In Addition, the Expressionism produced " Aesthetics on Ugliness "Aesthetics des H lichen )" in creating work of art. It was an expression of the Existentialism based on Humanism for modern people who lived at time of nihility and such artistic movement accepted polarity and ambivalance concepts claimed by Nietzsche into three specific fields in accordance with thought and technique in the work of art and those are the Intuitional Expressionism. Cubistic Expressionism and Fantastic Expressionism. This study makes a close analysis of costume style trends on the basis of the categorized Expressionism enumerated as above. The characteristics of Intuitional Expressionism is that poverty and a sense of alienation dominated all society and thus the social reality brought a trend of social participation . This social reality effected significantly modern costume style and a reformative costume turned up at last . This reformative costume was classified into Gar onne look, Military look and Lingerie look by characteristics of style in order to make a close examination for the relationship between social reality and the reformative structure. Cubistic Expressionism effected costume forming and changed costume style through " Deformation " and " Distortion" in forming technique , and also it has developed geometrical style of costume, which could be symbolized by mechanism. And on the other hand, this Cubistic Expressionism has emphasized exaggerated expression ability to produce rigid and stiff style of costume. Fantastic Expression pursued basic artistic worth from the primitive and ethnic customs and accepted fantastic oriental Exoticism . This Fantastic Expressionism effected costume style of twentieh century and such designers as Lon Bakst, Paul Poiret, Elsa Schiapareli adopted intentive primary color. It also applied " Depaysment" to modern costume style , which introduced avant-garde design to give an impact through destruction of the existing traditional concept. This study also analized seven major representative costume designers of the early twentieth century. They are L on Bakst, Paul Poiret, Madeline Vionnet, JeanPatou, Gabriel Chanel and Elsa Schiaparelli. These designers deployed creative costume design work with peculiar expression technique based on the French expressionism. The costume study related to art history was so far made mostly to approach costume forming but only a few study is found to have approached idealistic background of art history in connection with creating costume. From that point of view, it is profoundly significant for this study to analize idealistic background and characteristics of Expressionism and relationship between costume and expressionism and to examine modern costume of twntieth century in conjunction with technical characteristics and spiritual sense of Expresionism.eristics and spiritual sense of Expresionism.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 1993

This paper develops practical and realistic reliability models and methods for the evaluation of system-reliability and system reliability-based rating of various types of box-girder bridge superstructures. The strength limit state model for box-girder bridges suggested in the paper are based on not only the basic flexural strength but also the strength interaction equations which simultaneously take into account flexure, shear and torsion. And the system reliability problem of box-girder superstructure is formulated as parallel-series models obtained from the FMA(Failure Mode Approach) based on major failure mechanisms or critical failure states of each girder. In the paper, an improved IST(Importance Sampling Technique) simulation algorithm is used for the system reliability analysis of the proposed models. This paper proposes a practical but rational approach for the evaluation of capacity rating in terms of the equivalent system-capacity rating corresponding to the estimated system-reliability index which is derived based on the concept of the equivalent FOSM(First Order Second Moment) form of system reliability index. The results of the reliability evaluation and rating of existing bridges indicate that the reserved reliability and capacity rating at system level are significantly different from those of element reliability or conventional methods especially in the case of highly redundant box-girder bridges.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.175-187
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism on how the aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot" of Korean dance is realized with the analysis of aesthetic meaning and value found in the aesthetic experience of Korean dance, and also the aesthetic concept and consciousness of Korean Studies. First, "the aesthetic consciousness of endless life theory" is from the curved motion, which is one of the basic principle of Korean dance, and is to be sublimated to the aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot". The life theory of the Korean dance is to be cleary realized by the curved movement aiming the Circle, which is the important principle of movement for feeling aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot". But, the Korean dance movement has been affected to follow the Straight motion frequently in recent days rather than the Curved motion due to the influence of the Western style movement. This makes difficult to find aesthetical sense of "Mat" and "Meot". So, it is very crucial to keep and improve the Curved motion in the Korean dance for protecting and developing aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot", the unique feature of the Korean dance. And the continuos effort and plan of Korean dancer is also needed to make the Mind and the Body coexist each other. Furthermore, the research on this aesthetic consciousness of "Mat" and "Meot" of the Korean dance should be kept going.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.147-166
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to redefine the concept and scope of universal service and to develop universal service policy of South Korea for Korean reunification. The basic assumption of this study is that well developed universal service may contribute to the eventual reunification by ensuring equal access to information resources for the two peoples. The theoretical foundation of this study includes social capital and diffusion of innovations theory. This study uses policy analysis as both data collection and data analysis, more specifically qualitative policy analysis with triangulation for improving credibility. Data for the analysis were collected through legislation, other policy documents, and major agreements between North and South Korea related to informatization and unification. This study, identified the major characteristics of universal service and explored the current universal service in South Korea by analyzing major poicy instruments of South Korea. In addition, this study presented a great possibility of cooperating in telecommunication policy and telecommunication infrastructure. Consequently, this study proposed policy recommendations in five areas: 1) redefining the scope of universal service, 2) developing a unified telecommunication infrastructure, 3) developing policy instruments, 4) restructuring government organizations, and 5) creating a participatory universal service model for Korean reunification.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.132-143
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the accomplishments and limits of the local governments' environmental impact assessment operation system and to propose a policy plan to improve it through an analysis of the current status of the operations by local governments. As the research method, based on an understanding of the basic purpose and concept of the local government's environmental impact assessment, the current status of environmental impact assessment by major local governments such as Seoul, Jeju, Busan, Daejeon, etc. is analyzed and in-depth interviews with public officials in charge are conducted. Through the extensive discussions, the current situation and the problems are identified. The accomplishments of the local governments' operation of environmental impact assessment are: it is possible, first, to select evaluation targets and items in accordance with regional characteristics; second, to continuously strengthen the management and monitoring the evaluation result after through its own follow-up control. The limits revealed are; first, internal organization problems, which are largely due to the fact that the project approvers and the environmental impact assessment consultants are the same; second, poor cooperation system between the department of environmental impact assessment and other departments; third, lack of professionalism in the working forces; and forth, a limited pool of the skilled judges; and last, it was found that there could be frequent problems of overlapping regulation during coordinating target projects and evaluation contents.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.847-865
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• 2000

In a broad range of socio-economic and political systems, we could be able to say that the common and highest goal of all nations is the well-being of the people. From this point of view, it can be seen that two significant historic developments were achieved in the 20th century. One was the maximization of productivity through the socially efficient distribution of resources and the other was the concept of national welfare, which assumes social responsibility for the basic livelihood of human beings. In this point, it is need not only to strengthen economic wealth, but also to redistribute resources equitably. Efficiency and equity, economic and growth, and national welfare emphasize the above-mentioned principle, but they are deeply interdependent in that the well-being of the people cannot be guaranteed in the presence of only one of those. This study aims to find out the equilibrium point those problems in the productive welfare policy in Korea. Finally, it is necessary to develop productive welfare systems in order to solve the issues well.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.22-32
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• 2010

Increasingly advanced Information Technology (IT) has changed the operator so as to create more diversified and advanced traffic information demand. To deal with the changing demand in private sector, a concept of on-demand traffic information has been rapidly introduced. However VMS, a product of the first generation of ITS, which was designed to provide the unspecified individuals during driving the car with the basic level of traffic information by the public failed to actively change itself in such a changing pattern. This study was intended to describe the VMS system (tentatively, FM-VMS) which was further developed to accommodate the needs favoring the sophisticated PDA with the public role of providing the unspecified individuals with the equal information. FM-VMS introduced in this study is the device designed to transmit the voice and message to the drivers through the radio information device mounted on a car. A core technology is, unlike FM-DARC and RDS, the Water Making technology which directly inserts the digital signal into FM frequency in use. It's been currently used for broadcasting and security purpose. A detection rate as a result of testing FM-VMS system using Water Making technology was 90% or more in voice and message within 20m from test VMS. When a public-developed VMS information could be transmitted using FM frequency to the relatively vulnerable users (vulnerable to traffic information) in voice on a real-time basis to provide the regional traffic information, and furthermore, VMS message could be received through radio liquid using FM frequency only, it would obviously bring about the innovation in ITS as well as pave the way for creating the new added value down the road.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.183-199
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of mother's perfectionism and parenting beliefs on her preschooler's social competence. The participants were 277 mothers residing in Daejeon, Korea. Basic descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression were used for statistical treatment. The results were as follows: First, a mother's perfectionism and parenting beliefs did not differ according to her educational level. One factor of perfectionism, 'holding high standards', alone showed significant difference between highschool graduates and graduate school graduates, the latter's scores being higher than the former's. There were no significant differences in preschooler's social competence by sex or age. However, a few sex and age differences were found in sub-factors of social competence. Girls scored higher than boys on 'showing affection', and 5 year olds scored lower on 'showing affection' and higher on 'leadership' than 3 years olds. Second, a mother's perfectionism and parenting beliefs were able to explain 22.8% of variance in preschooler's social competence, the former showing more predictive power than the latter. Each of the two factors of maternal perfectionism affected five factors of preschooler's social competence in a different manner. 'Holding high standards' of perfectionism positively influenced preschooler's social competence factors such as 'social capability', 'leadership', and 'showing affection', whereas maternal 'fear of failure' had a negative impact on 'showing affection', 'disturbing'(reversed), and 'instability'(reversed). These results were discussed in relation with changes in social atmosphere and value systems, changes in child-rearing behaviors, or the construct and concept of perfectionism itself, It was suggested that these results be utilized in developing parent education programs for preschoolers lacking social competence.