• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권5A호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2012

최근에 실내 커버리지 확장 및 광대역 데이터 서비스를 위한 가정용 기지국인 펨토셀에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 펨토셀이 배치될 때, 기존에 있던 네트워크 상황 속에서 다양한 기술적인 문제들을 발생 시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 OFDMA 시스템에서 펨토 - 매크로셀 간의 간섭 완화에 대하여 연구하였고, 동적인 하향링크 자원 관리 방법을 제안하였다. 펨토셀의 전송 파워를 매크로셀로부터 오는 신호의 세기에 기반을 두어서 선택하는 방법과 펨토셀 에게 할당 할 부반송파를 동적으로 관리하는 방식을 제안하였다. 이러한 방법으로 펨토셀과 매크로셀 사용자와의 간섭을 줄일 수 있다. 제안하는 방법은 수용율을 비롯한 여러 평가 지표로 성능을 검증하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.318-329
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• 2018

Femtocell (FC) technology envisaged as a cost-effective approach to attain better indoor coverage of mobile voice and data service. Deployment of FCs over macrocell forms a heterogeneous network. In urban areas, the key factor limits the successful deployment of FCs is inter-cell interference (ICI), which severely affects the performance of victim users. Autonomous FC transmission power setting is one straightforward way for coordinating ICI in the downlink. Application of intelligent control using soft computing techniques has not yet explored well for wireless networks. In this work, autonomous FC transmission power setting strategy using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed method is zero signaling overhead, reduced computational complexity and bare minimum delay in performing power setting of FC base station because only the periodic channel measurement reports fed back by the user equipment are needed. System level simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method by providing much better throughput, even under high interference activation scenario and cell edge users can be prevented from going outage.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.530-538
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• 2011

Performance of TCP can be severely degraded in Mobile IP-based wireless networks where packet losses not related to network congestion occur frequently during inter-subnetwork handoffs by user mobility. To solve such a problem in the networks using Mobile IP, the packet buffering method at a base station(BS) recovers those packets dropped during handoff by forwarding the buffered packets at the old BS to the mobile users. But, when the mobile user moves to a congested BS in a new foreign subnetwork, those buffered packets forwarded by the old BS are dropped and TCP transmission performance of a mobile user degrades severely. In this paper, we propose a Modified BLUE(MBLUE) buffer required at a BS to increase TCP throughput in Mobile IP-based networks. When a queue length exceed a threshold and congestion grows, MBLUE increases its packet drop probability. But, when a TCP connection is added at new BS by a handoff, the old BS marks the buffered packets. And new BS receives the marked packets without dropping. Simulation results show that MBLUE buffer reduces congestion during handoffs and increases TCP throughputs.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.2058-2074
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• 2017

Dense Heterogeneous Cellular Networks(HCNs) offer a promising approach to meet the target of 1000x increase in aggregate data rates in 5G wireless communication systems. However how to best utilize the available radio resources at densely deployed small cells remains an open problem as those small cells are typically unplanned. In this paper we focus on balancing loads across macro cells and small cells by offloading users to small cells, as well as dynamically switching off underutilized small cells. We propose a joint user association and base station(BS) sleep mangement(UA-BSM) scheme that proactively offloads users to a fraction of the densely deployed small cells. We propose a heuristic algorithm that iteratively solves the user association problem and puts BSs with low loads into sleep. An interference relation matrix(IRM) is constructed to help us identify the candidate BSs that can be put into sleep. User associations are then aggregated to selected small cells that remain active. Simulation results show that our proposed approach achieves load balancing across macro and small cells and reduces the number of active BSs. Numerical results show user signal to interference ratio(SINR) can be improved by small cell sleep control.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2022

무선 센서 네트워크는 다양한 분야에서 활용 되어지고 있다. 무선 센서 네트워크는 보안, 군사감지, 환경관리, 산업제어, 홈 자동화 등 많은 영역에 적용된다. 하지만 네트워크를 구성하는 노드의 제한된 에너지에 한계로 활용범위가 제한되는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 대표적 라우팅 프로토콜 중 LEACH-C를 기반으로 네트워크의 전송을 개선하여 에너지를 효율적으로 사용하는 LEACH-CCBD(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering hierarchy - Centrailized with Cluster and Basestation Distance) 알고리즘을 제안한다. LEACH-CCBD 알고리즘은 클러스터 구성시 멤버노드들의 클러스터 소속에 대하여 멤버 노드로부터 클러스터의 거리와 클러스터 노드로부터 기지국까지의 거리를 합산한 값을 비교하여 선정 우선순위를 두어 클러스터 헤드를 소속시키는 기법이다. 제안한 LEACH-CCBD는 Matlab 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 각 프로토콜에 대한 성능 결과를 확인하였다. 실험결과 에너지 효율성이 LEACH, LEACH-C 알고리즘보다 우수함을 보였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2043-2060
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• 2020

Developed from Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB), DMB+ changes the application focus fundamentally. The plus symbol "+" indicates that DMB+ is no longer for digital radio/videos, instead it works as a general data transmission technique. The merits of wireless transmission, broad coverage, high quality, information security and low building/maintenance cost make DMB+ suitable for a wide range of applications with numerous terminals and users, such as public information release, alarm and administration etc. The concept of DMB+ base station enables DMB+ to be used in building independent networks and for remote control and management, as well as for Industry 4.0. DMB+ will access into a new field that till now has been dominated by communication techniques, will open a huge commercial opportunity.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2002

The purpose of interlocking system was to prevent the route for a train being set up and its protecting signal cleared if there was already another, conflicting route set up and the protecting signal for that route cleared. This paper proposed Interlocking Inspection System(IIS) consisting of interlocking simulator and field simulator to operate interlocking test of computer based Electronic Interlocking System(EIS) in this paper. Interlocking simulator consists of Design Edit System(DES), Logical Database Management Tool(LDMT) and real-time confirming system, field simulator is a equipment to simulate a control object of EIS and constitutes configuration operated in 19 inch standard rack. As a result of test to prove capacity of this IIS, the efficiency was shown as excellent. Therefore by using inspection system, we obtain every advantages. It has the functions for test data generation and automatic test execution based on personal computer. Time and cost for test work can be reduced more efficiently by using this developed inspection system

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2016

Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means of cloud computing. This results in a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wireless access points, known as radio units or remote radio heads, are centrally managed by a reconfigurable centralized "cloud", or central, unit. C-RAN allows operators to reduce the capital and operating expenses needed to deploy and maintain dense heterogeneous networks. This critical advantage, along with spectral efficiency, statistical multiplexing and load balancing gains, make C-RAN well positioned to be one of the key technologies in the development of 5G systems. In this paper, a succinct overview is presented regarding the state of the art on the research on C-RAN with emphasis on fronthaul compression, baseband processing, medium access control, resource allocation, system-level considerations and standardization efforts.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.639-648
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• 2016

Next-generation (4G) systems are designed to support universal frequency reuse (UFR) to achieve best use of valuable spectra. However, it leads to undesirable interference level near cell borders. To control this, 4G systems adopt techniques, such as network multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC), to improve cell-edge throughput. Network MIMO aims at mitigating inter-cell interference towards cell-edge users (CEUs) through multi-cell cooperation, where each collaborative base station serves both cell-center users (CCUs) and CEUs, including other cells' CEUs, under a power constraint. The present ICIC strategies cannot be directly applied to network MIMO because they were designed in absence of multi-cell coordination. In the presence of network MIMO, this paper investigates antenna orientations in ICIC and the method of power management. Results show that a proper antenna orientation can improve the cell-edge capacity and meantime lower the interference to CCUs. Capacity inconsistency between CCUs and CEUs is detrimental to mobile communications. Simulation results show that the proposed power management for ICIC in network MIMO systems can achieve a uniform data rate regardless users' position.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권1호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 다양한 무선 접속 기술(Radio Access Technology : RAT)들이 공존하는 클라우드 기지국 시스템에서의 효율적인 무선 접속 방법으로 무선인지기술(Cognitive radio)을 활용한 이른 스펙트럼 감지(Early Spectrum Sensing : ESS) 기법을 제안한다. 다중 모드 단말은 무선 접속 시도에 앞서 다중 무선 접속 시스템의 전체 주파수 대역을 대상으로 스펙트럼 감지를 수행하여 그 결과 스펙트럼 활용도가 가장 낮은, 즉 가용 스펙트럼이 가장 많을 것으로 예상되는 시스템을 선택하여 무선 접속을 시도함으로써 시스템 접속 성공 확률을 높일 수 있다. 제안 기법의 성능 분석을 위해 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행 했으며 그 과정에서 최대한 다양한 무선 접속 시스템이 혼재하는 상황을 고려하고자 했다. 우선, 서킷과 패킷 시스템으로 구별한 후, 다시 패킷 시스템을 반송파 결합(Carrier Aggregation : CA) 가능 여부에 따라 다시 구별했으며, 단말기의 경우, 서킷 전용, 패킷 전용, 다중 모드로 구별함과 동시에 CA 능력에 따라서 역시 구별하였다. 또한, 패킷 트래픽의 경우, 실시간 트래픽과 3단계의 패킷 지연 허용 정도를 갖는 비실시간 트래픽으로 구분하였다. 이러한 다양한 무선 접속 환경이 고려된 클라우드 기지국 시스템에서 호 발생에서 호의 서비스 품질(Quality of Service : QoS)이 고려된 자원 할당까지의 일련의 과정을 시뮬레이션에 반영하여 시스템 접속 실패 확률, 평균 시스템 접속 시간, 시스템 균형 인수, 패킷 손실 확률 측면에서 제안 방식의 성능을 분석하였다.