• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.89-102
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• 2023

This study was a one group, pre-post test design experimental study to identify the effects of problem-based learning applied to adult nursing subjects on meta-cognition, problem solving, professional self-concept and self-directed learning of nursing students. The participants were 60 fourth grade students who had registered for adult nursing class from a nursing university in D metropolitan city, the data were collected from September to December, 2022. The adult nursing class model was designed based on the ADDIE model suitable for PBL. The class period was conducted for 15 weeks, with 8 weeks of lectures, 2 weeks of exams, and 5 weeks of Barrow and Myers 5-step PBL learning. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 Program, and paired t-test was used to test the differences between variables before and after the intervention. There was a statistically significant difference in metacognition(t=-8.04, p<.001), problem solving(t=-4.08, p<.001), professional self-concept(t=-4.67, p<.001) and self-directed learning(t=-4.69, p<.001) between pre and post problem based learning. Therefore, our result recommend that to apply problem-based learning in various major subjects to strengthen nursing students' metacognition, problem-solving, professional self-concept, and self-directed learning skills.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.257-260
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• 2003

A total of 135 F2 finishing pigs (65 barrows and 69 gilts) from resource population (Large White${\times}$Meishan) were slaughtered at about 87.8 kg BW. Contents of inosine acid (IMP) and carnine (HR) in muscle were assayed by HLPC and genetic parameters for IMP content and HR content were estimated using full sibs model. There was significant sex effect on IMP content(p<0.05), $3.561{\pm}0.077mg/g$ for gilt and $3.287{\pm}0.085mg/g$ for barrow. Heritability estimates for IMP and HR content were 0.127 and 0.357, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between IMP content and HR was 0.335, pH (A) 0.024, water lose rate (WLR) -0.069, intramuscular fat (IMF) -0.214, average marbling score (MARB) -0.143, average backfat measurements (AVBF) -0.084 and average color value (CV) -0.156, respectively. The result indicated that inosine acid content in meat might be retained or slightly improved by reducing backfat depth in pig breeding.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.303-308
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• 2003

In this paper, wave numerical modeling was experimented for the analysis of impact factors for the wave transmission as the incident wave and topographic conditions in the narrow channel sea. Recently, Although the results of many researcher for the wave modelling, numerical equations have limited to simulation of wave transformation effects. Despite of thispresent problems, the models was used to design the coastal structures in barrow channel sites. Finally, this paper estimated the wave model(mild slope eq. model) as the analysis of the wave energy transmission according to changing of impact factors(width of channel, bottom slope in channel, incident wave angle, wave period). As the results of numerical experiment, the major impact factors which influence to wave energy transmission were the width of channel and incident wave direction. But in the case that the width of channel is larger than 3L(L=Length of wave), the reduction of wave energy was small.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the misconceptions and the understanding of students on diffusion and osmosis, and to examine the shifts in concept development that result from maturation and additional instruction. In addition, the textbooks were assessed for the sources of the misconceptions. The subjects of this study were 195 students in middle school, 191 students in high school and 195 students in university in Seoul. And the multiple-choice test developed by Odom and Barrow(1995) was used. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA in the statistical packages SAS. The major findings of this study are as follows. 1. The mean score of the understanding on the concepts of diffusion and osmosis of junior high school students was 31, that of high school students was 51 and that of university students was 67. In this study, the higher grade students got the higher scores, and it showed significant difference(p<0.01). 2. The mean score of girls was higher than that of boys in all grades. And the difference of the score according to gender showed great difference in high school(p<0.01). 3. An analysis of the patterns of misconceptions about diffusion and osmosis indicated that certain misconceptions prevail across grade levels. 4. An analysis of the contents of textbooks indicated that textbooks may be the source of students' misconceptions about diffusion and osmosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2003

In vivo $^31p$ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ($^31p$NMR) and metabolic studies were carried out on an acetic acid tolerant mutant, Zymomonas mobilis $ZM4/Ac^R$, and compared to those of the parent strain, Z. mobilis ZM4, to evaluate possible mechanisms of acetic acid resistance. This investigation was initiated to determine whether or not the mutant strain might be used as a suitable recombinant host far ethanol production from lignocellulose hydrolysates containing various inhibitory compounds. $ZM4/Ac^R$ showed multiple resistance to other lignocellulosic toxic compounds such as syringaldehyde, furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural, vanillin, and vanillic acid. The mutant strain was resistant to higher concentrations of ethanol or lower pH in the presence of sodium acetate, compared to ZM4 which showed more additive inhibition. in vivo $^31p$ NMR studies revealed that intracellular acidification and de-energization were two mechanisms by which acetic acid exerted its inhibitory effect. For $ZM4/Ac^R$, the internal pH and the energy status were less affected by sodium acetate compared to the parent strain. This resistance to pH change and de-energization caused by acetic acid is a possible explanation for the development of resistance by this strain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Sixteen steers were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bovine somatotropin (bST) in improving growth and feed:gain ratio during 12 weeks. Administration of the 400 mg bST implant resulted in a 16.1% increase in growth rate, and this increase was significant (p<.05). The use of the sustained-release implant did not alter (p>.05) feed intake and feed:gain ratio. Thirty-four cows were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bST in milk production during 4 weeks. Administration of the 200 mg bST implant resulted in an 8.7% increase in milk production, and this increase was significant (p<.05). Twenty-four barrows were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of porcine somatotropin (pST) in improving growth, feed:gain ratio and backfat thickness during 6 weeks. Administration of the 120 mg pST implant resulted in a 11.4% increase in feed:gain ratio and a 60% decrease in backfat thickness, and these results were significant (p<.05). But the use of the sustained-release implant did not alter (p>.05) growth rate and feed intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.402-405
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine (0, 0.125%) on performance, carcass composition, pork quality and hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) activity of crossbred finishing barrows. Three replicates of ten pigs were used for each treatment. The results showed that average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion were not affected by betaine. Compared with the control group, pigs treated with betaine had a 8.17% (p<0.05) decrease in carcass fat percentage, and a 8.84% (p<0.05) reduction in 10th-rib backfat thickness, but dressing percentage, percentage lean, longissimus muscle area, and average backfat thickness were not affected. There were also no significant differences in muscle color score, marbling score, pork pH value and water loss rate between the control and betaine-treated groups. Hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) activity was significantly increased by 13.97% (p<0.05) when pigs were offered 0.125% betaine.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography for confirmation of vascular anastomosis patency in both extracranial-intracranial and intracranial-intracranial bypasses. Methods : Intraoperative ICG videoangiography was used as a surgical adjunct for 56 bypasses in 47 patients to assay the patency of intracranial vascular anastomosis. These patients underwent a bypass for cerebral ischemia in 31 instances and as an adjunct to intracranial aneurysm surgery in 25. After completion of the bypass, ICG was administered to assess the patency of the graft. The findings on ICG videoangiography were then compared to intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging. Results : ICG provided an excellent visualization of all cerebral arteries and grafts at the time of surgery. Four grafts were determined to be suboptimal and were revised at the time of surgery. Findings on ICG videoangiography correlated with intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging. Conclusion : ICG videoangiography is rapid, effective, and reliable in determining the intraoperative patency of bypass grafts. It provides intraoperative information allowing revision to reduce the incidence of technical errors that may lead to early graft thrombosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.633-639
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• 2022

Accurate diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the starting point for optimal treatment. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is currently regarded as one of the first-line treatment options for medically refractory TN. GKRS is a less invasive treatment with a low risk of complications than other surgical procedures that provides a favorable pain control Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) I-IIIb rate of >75% at short-term follow-up. Drawbacks of GKRS include the latency period before pain relief and higher recurrence rate compared with microvascular decompression. Therefore, repeat treatment is necessary if the initial GKRS was effective but followed by recurrence. The concept of dose rate and the biologically effective dose of radiation has been actively studied in radiation oncology and is also applied in GKRS for TN to achieve high safety and efficacy by prescribing the optimal dose. Recent progress in functional imaging, such as diffusion tensor imaging, enables us to understand the pathophysiology of TN and predict the clinical outcome after GKRS. Here, we review TN, GKRS, and recent updates, especially in the concepts of radiation dose, diffusion tensor imaging studies, and repeat treatment in GKRS for TN.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2012

This study evaluated three forces (lifting, pushing and twisting) required to maneuver the single-wheel barrows according to handle height, width, horizontal angle and vertical angle. The four independent variables were varied in two levels. Handle height was varies in two levels : 'knuckle height (KH)' and 'KH + 0.1 ${\times}$ stature'. The two handle widths were '1.5 ${\times}$ shoulder width (SW)' and '1.75 ${\times}$ SW'. Two angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ were used for horizontal and vertical angles. The 24 factorial design was used in the experiment. Twelve healthy male students (undergraduate and graduate) participated in the experiment. Subjects exerted three forces (pushing, lifting, and twisting clockwise) in each experimental condition. The order of 16 treatment conditions was determined randomly. Results showed that the effects of the four factors were different according to three forces. While lifting and twisting forces were higher in 'knuckle height', the pushing force was higher in 'KH + 0.1 ${\times}$ stature' (p < 0.05). Lifting and pushing forces showed higher values in the horizontal angle $0^{\circ}$ than in $15^{\circ}$. Handle width and vertical angle showed no statistically significant main effects on three forces (p > 0.05). Results of this study could be used as basic data for the ergonomic design of handle variables of one- or two-wheel barrows.