• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2021

자외선 및 블루영역 차단 기능을 갖는 화장품의 원료로 사용되기 위한 박막 판형의 ZnO 및 Fe₂O₃ 성분을 포함하는 인공 칼라민 세라믹 분말 소재를 합성하였다. 20 : 1에서 50 : 1 범위의 높은 종횡비를 가지는 (0001)면의 판형 ZnO 세라믹 분말 소재는 아연공기전지로 전력 생산한 후에 회수한 전해질을 출발 물질로 하여 징크아세테이트와 소듐시트레이트 혼합 용액에서 중화반응을 통한 석출로 합성하였다. 아이언 클로라이드 용액의 첨가량을 증가시키는 방법으로 인공 칼라민 세라믹 분말 내의 Fe₂O₃ 함량을 높일 수 있었으며, 이 경우 자외선뿐만 아니라 가시광선의 블루 영역을 일부 흡수하였다. 포타슘 아세테이트 용액을 첨가시킬 경우에는 Zn(OH)₄^2- 음이온의 분해를 촉진하여 (0001) 면 위에 수직 방향으로 격벽 형태로 성장한 박막을 얻을 수 있었는데, 이 경우 자외선을 흡수할 수 있는 기회가 증가하면서 자외선 흡수율이 증가하였다. 아이언 클로라이드 용액과 포타슘 아세테이트 용액의 첨가량을 함께 조절하면 박막 판형의 인공 칼라민 세라믹 분말의 조성 및 형상을 최적화시킬 수 있어서 화장품 제형을 진행할 경우 블루영역의 광투과도가 크게 감소하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.277-284
• /
• 2019

External corrosion control of buried pipe can be achieved by the combination of barrier coating and cathodic protection. Coating damage and deterioration can be induced by many reasons; damage during handling and laying, enhanced failure at low temperatures, failure during commissioning and operation, disbanding due to inadequate surface cleaning, rock penetration during installation and service etc. This work focused on the effect of survey conditions on the reliability of coating flaw detection of buried pipes. The effects of applied voltage and anode location on the detection reliability of coating flaw of buried pipe in soil with the resistivity of ca. 25.8 kΩ·cm were discussed. Higher applied voltage increased the detection reliability, regardless of buried depth, but deeper burial depth reduced the reliability. The location of the anode has influenced on the detection reliability. This behaviour may be induced by the variation of current distribution by the applied voltage and buried depth. From the relationship between the applied voltage and reliability, the needed detection potential to get a desire detection reliability can be calculated to get 100% detection reliability using the derived equation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2015

This research is about shared living facilities for the solitary elderly in Gyeonggi province (so called "Carnation House"), which was opened after 2013. These facilities aim to help solving the social problems of the growing number of the solitary elderly. The research was conducted from April 2014 to October 2014 by using observation, measurement, photography, and interview methods. This research reviewed floor plan, area, accessibility, visual openness, and furniture and equipments. The results are as follows: First, considering the need for rest area and the protection of privacy, livingroom should at least be equipped with a variable wall or have a separate room. Secondly, for the kitchen plan, considering the fact that large number of people move simultaneously, kitchen entrance should be widened or LDK type is preferable. Thirdly, the bathroom entrance should be widened to at least 800mm and should have barrier free design. Fourthly, porch entrance should be planned to secure enough space and shoe cabinets for multiple users. Fifthly, to allow the users to enjoy outside view, the windows of living spaces should be placed no higher than 800mm from the floor level. Finally, for the location of the facility, people prefer the location be at the center of the village or near home. In addition, location with easy accessibility for the elderly is advisable. Therefore, establishing local guidelines for shared living facilities for the solitary elderly is advisable. When establishing local guidelines, local characters, culture and usage patterns should be considered.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.674-684
• /
• 2009

Objectives : In conditions of brain infarction, irreversible axon damage occurs in the central nerve system (CNS), because gliosis becomes a physical and a mechanical barrier to axonal regeneration. Reactive gliosis induced by ischemic injury such as middle cerebral artery occlusion is involved with up-regulation of GFAP and CD81. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of the Gongjin-dan (GJD) on CD81 and GFAP expression and its pathway in the rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods : In order to study ischemic injuries on the brain, infarction was induced by MCAO using insertion of a single nylon thread, through the internal carotid artery, into a middle cerebral artery. Cresyl violet staining, cerebral infarction size measurement, immunohistochemistry and microscopic examination were used to detect the expression of CD81 and GFAP and the effect on the infarct size and pyramidal cell death in the brain of the rat with cerebral infarction induced by MCAO. Also, c-Fos and ERK expression were measured to investigate the signaling pathway after GJD administration in MCAO rats. Results : Measuring the size of cerebral infarction induced by MCAO in the rat after injection of GJD showed the size had decreased. GJD administration showed pyramidal cell death protection in the hippocampus in the MCAO rat. GJD administration decreased GF AP expression in the MCAO rat. GJD administration decreased CD81 expression in the MCAO rat. GJD administration induced up-regulation of c-FOS expression compared with MCAO. GJD administration induced down-regulation of ERK expression compared with MCAO. Conclusion : We observed that GJD could suppress the reactive gliosis, which disturbs the axonal regeneration in the brain of a rat with cerebral infarction after MCAO by controlling the expression of CD81 and GFAP. The effect may be modulated by the regulation of c-Fos and ERK. These results suggest that GJD can be a candidate to regenerate CNS injury.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2017

PURPOSES : Traffic safety facilities are used to prevent traffic accidents before they occur by providing drivers with information on traffic situations and the geometric design of roads. However, some facilities not defined in guidelines do not meet installation criteria, yet are being installed and used in order to increase efficiency in traffic flow and prevent traffic accidents in a specific expressway zone. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of delineation system which are not defined in the guideline criteria. METHODS : Different virtual scenarios were created for roads using expressway median barrier chevron signs, with a driving simulator used to evaluate the installation and operational effect of such signs. Ten experiments were performed with left- and right-curved roads at curve radius intervals of 500 m, from 500 m to 2,500 m. RESULTS : For sections with a curve radius of more than 1,500 m, drivers had a clear tendency toward stable driving regardless of delineation system. When a chevron sign is installed on a protection fence in the road curving left, an expanded installation is recommended up to the section with a curve radius of 1,000 m. According to the analysis results for the RHB (Relative High Beta spectrum), driving concentration also improved up to a curve radius of 1,000 m. CONCLUSIONS :The experiment result indicates the extent of biasing within a lane and the manipulation amount of steering handle, were analyzed and found to be affected by curve radius and road alignment regardless of delineation system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.2235-2245
• /
• 2016

Ulcerative colitis (UC) results from colonic epithelial barrier defects and impaired mucosal immune responses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the modifying effects of a Spirogyra neglecta extract (SNE), a polysaccharide extract (PE) and a chloroform fraction (CF) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to determine the mechanisms. To induce colitis, ICR mice received 3% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. Seven days preceding the DSS treatment, oral administration of SNE, PE and CF at doses of 50, 25 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (low dose), 200, 100 and 1 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and vehicle was started and continued for 14 days. Histologic findings showed that DSS-induced damage of colonic epithelial structure and inflammation was attenuated in mice pre-treated with SNE, PE and CF. Furthermore, SNE and PE significantly protected colonic epithelial cells from DSS-induced cell cycle arrest, while SNE, PE and CF significantly diminished apoptosis. Proteome analysis demonstrated that SNE and PE might ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by inducing antioxidant enzymes, restoring impaired mitochondria function, and regulating inflammatory cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis. These results suggest that SNE and PE could prevent DSS-induced colitis in ICR mice by protection against and/or aiding recovery from damage to the colonic epithelium, reducing ROS and maintaining normal mitochondrial function and apoptosis.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.189-200
• /
• 2016

타지키스탄공화국에는 10군데의 우라늄광산 부지에 55백만톤의 우라늄광산 폐기물이 적치 되어 있는데 부지 면적이 200 핵 타아르에 달한다. 이에 따라 우라늄 폐광과 폐기물의 안전한 관리가 주요 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 부지 복원을 위한 천연방벽과 인공방벽으로 구성된 다중 복토층은 성능 목표와 부지 조건을 고려하여 설치되어야 한다. 본 논문의 목적은 Degmay 부지에 장기간 (100년 이상)의 환경보호를 제공할 수 있는 경제적인 다중 복토층 개념을 제시 하는 것이다. HELP 코드를 사용하여 Degmay 부지의 복토층 설계 개념의 평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과 70 cm의 덮개층, 30 cm의 배수층, 지오멤브레인 라이너 그리고 60 cm의 토양 방벽층으로 구성된 복토층 개념이 두께를 최소화 할 수 있고 비교된 여러 설계개념 중 가장 경제적인 설계 안으로 제시되었다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.102-111
• /
• 1996

LB10522 is a new parenteral broad spectrum cephalosporin with a catechol moiety at C-7 position of beta-lactam ring. This compound can utilize tonB-dependent iron transp ort system in addition to porin proteins to enter bacterial periplasmic space and access to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which are the lethal targets of ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics. The chelating activity of LB10522 to metal iron was measured by spectrophotometrically scanning the absorbance from 200 to 900nm. When $FeCl_3$ was added, optical density was increased between 450 and 800nm. LB10522 was more active against gram-negative strains in iron-depleted media than in iron-replete media. This is due to the increased expression of iron transport channels in iron-depleted condition. LB10522 showed a similar activity against E. coli DC2 (permeability mutant) and E. coli DCO (wild type strain) in both iron-depleted and iron-replete media, indicating a minimal permeaility barrier for LB10522 uptake. LB10522 had high affinities to PBP 3 and PBP 1A, 1B of E. coli. By blocking these proteins, LB10522 caused inhibition of cell division and the eventual death of cells. This result was correlated well with the morphological changes in E. coli exposed to LB10522. Although the in vitro MIC of LB10522 against P. aeruginosa 1912E mutant (tonB) was 8-times higher than that of the P. aeruginosa 1912E parent strain, LB10522 showed a similar in vivo protection efficacy against both strains in the mouse systemic infection model. This result suggested that tonB mutant, which requires a high level of iron for normal growth, might have a difficulty in surviving in their host with an iron-limited environment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2014

Purpose: In the anterior maxilla, hard and soft tissue augmentations are sometimes required to meet esthetic and functional demands. In such cases, primary soft tissue closure after bone grafting procedures is indispensable for a successful outcome. This report describes a simple method for soft tissue coverage of a guided bone regeneration (GBR) site using the double-rotated palatal subepithelial connective tissue graft (RPSCTG) technique for a maxillary anterior defect. Methods: We present a 60-year-old man with a defect in the anterior maxilla requiring hard and soft tissue augmentations. The bone graft materials were filled above the alveolar defect and a titanium-reinforced nonresorbable membrane was placed to cover the graft materials. We used the RPSCTG technique to achieve primary soft tissue closure over the graft materials and the barrier membrane. Additional soft tissue augmentation using a contralateral RPSCTG and membrane removal were simultaneously performed 7 weeks after the stage 1 surgery to establish more abundant soft tissue architecture. Results: Flap necrosis occurred after the stage 1 surgery. Signs of infection or suppuration were not observed in the donor or recipient sites after the stage 2 surgery. These procedures enhanced the alveolar ridge volume, increased the amount of keratinized tissue, and improved the esthetic profile for restorative treatment. Conclusions: The use of RPSCTG could assist the soft tissue closure of the GBR sites because it provides sufficient soft tissue thickness, an ample vascular supply, protection of anatomical structures, and patient comfort. The treatment outcome was acceptable, despite membrane exposure, and the RPSCTG allowed for vitalization and harmonization with the recipient tissue.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.485-490
• /
• 2009

0.1 M 중탄산소듐 용액에서 납전극부식에 대한 로소니아, 감초뿌리 및 카로브 추출물수용액의 부식방지작용에 대한것을 정전류극성방법을 사용해 연구하였다. 이들 물질들의 부식방지작용을 지적해주는 것으로 이들 물질들이 존재할 때 부식속도가 감소하는 것이 발견되었다. 부식방지효율은 추출물농도가 증가하면 증가한다. 이들 추출물의 부식방지작용은 납표면에 이들 추출물이 흡착되어 물질 및 하전이동의 장벽을 만들어 나타내는 것으로 설명되었다. 이들 추출물의 납표면에 흡착은 자발적으로 일어나며, Freundlich 등온흡착을 따르는 것으로 발견되었다. 또한, 변전위양극분극법을 사용해 이들 추출물은 염소를 포함한 용액에서 납의 움푹패이게 하는 부식으로부터 잘 보호해주는 것이 발견되었다.