• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2006

Ordered nanostructure materials have received attention due to their unique physical properties and potential applications in electronics, mechanics and optical devices. To actualize most of the proposed applications, it is quite important to obtain highly ordered nanostructure arrays. The well-aligned nanostructure can be achieved by synthesizing nanostructure material in the highly ordered template. To get well-aligned pore array and reduce process time, rapid thermal anneal by an IR lamp was employed in vacuum state at $500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hour. The pore array is comparable to a template annealed in vacuum furnace at $500^{\circ}C$ for 30 hours. The well-fabricated AAO template has the mean pore diameter of 70 nm, the barrier layer thickness of 25 nm, the pore depth of $9{\mu}m$, and the pore density of higher than $1.2{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}$.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.78-95
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• 1991

Water factory 21(WF 2) in Orange County California, is a advanced wastewater treatment(AWT) plant designed to reclaim biologically treated munidpal wastewater for injection into a seawater barrier system. Processes included are lime treatment air stripping, filtration, activated carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis(RO), and chlorination. The effectiveness of each treatment process is presented including pretreatment, RO dimineralization. The data collected show that the processes, including RO, used at WF-21 are capable of producing a very high quality water on a reliable basis. Treatment reduced all contaminants, to levels below national primary drinldng water regulation maximum contaminant levels. It was found that lime clarified secondary effluent can be used as feedwater to a RO dimineralizer. Experiments with new low pressure membrane(250psi) show great potential for reducing RO cost.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2005

The effect of alcohol and aqueous extracts of the leaves and stem of Pluchea lanceolata on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of Setaria cervi, and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. Alcohol and aqueous extracts of the leaves and stem of P. lanceolata caused the inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve muscle preparation of S. cervi, characterized by short lasting small increase in tone and amplitude of contractions followed by paralysis. The concentrations required to inhibit the movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparations for alcohol extract were 200 and $25\;{\mu}g/ml$, and for aqueous extract were 250 and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. Both the extracts (alcohol and aqueous) caused death of microfilariae in vitro, $LC_{50}$ and $LC_{90}$ being 12 and 18 ng/ml for alcohol extract and 25 and 40 ng/ml for aqueous extract, respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2004

A safety assessment code, called SAGE (Safety Assessment Groundwater Evaluation), has been developed to describe post-closure radionuclide releases and potential radiological doses for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) disposal in an engineered vault facility in Korea. The conceptual model implemented in the code is focused on the release of radionuclide from a gradually degrading engineered barrier system to an underlying unsaturated zone, thence to a saturated groundwater zone. The radionuclide transport equations are solved by spatially discretizing the disposal system into a series of compartments. Mass transfer between compartments is by diffusion/dispersion and advection. In all compartments, radionuclides ate decayed either as a single-member chain or as multi-member chains. The biosphere is represented as a set of steady-state, radionuclide-specific pathway dose conversion factors that are multiplied by the appropriate release rate from the far field for each pathway. The code has the capability to treat input parameters either deterministically or probabilistically. Parameter input is achieved through a user-friendly Graphical User Interface. An application is presented, which is compared against safety assessment results from the other computer codes, to benchmark the reliability of system-level conceptual modeling of the code.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.973-976
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• 2006

In this paper, the inorganic multi-layer encapsulation of thin film was newly adopted to protect the organic layer from moisture and oxygen. Using the electron beam, Sputter, inorganic multi-layer thin-film encapsulation was deposited onto the Ethylene Terephthalate(PET) and their interface properties between inorganic and organic layer were investigated. In this investigation, the SiON $SiO_2$ and parylene layer showed the most suitable properties. Under these conditions, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) for PET can be reduced from level of $0.57g/m^2/day$ (bare substrate) to $1^{\ast}10^{-5}g/m^2/day$ after application of a SiON and $SiO_2$ layer. These results indicate that the $PET/SiO_2/SiON/Parylene$ barrier coatings have high potential for flexible organic light-emitting diode(OLED) applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2001

Poly-Si TFT's(Polysilicon thin filmtransistors) have been actively studied due to their applications in active matrix liquid crystal displays and active pull-up devices of CMOS SRAM's. For such applications, the leakage current has to be in the range of sub-picoampere. However, poly-Si TFT's suffer from anomalous high leakage currents, which is attributed to the emission of the traps present at gain boundaries in the drain junction. The leakage current has been analyzed by the field emission via grain-boundary traps and thermionic field emission over potential barrier located at the grain boundary. We found that the models proposed before are not consistent with the experimental results at far as drain-offset poly-Si TFT's we fabricated concern. In this paper, leakage current of drain-offset poly-Si TFT's with different offset lengths was studied. A conduction model based on the thermionic emission of the tunneling electrons is developed to identify the leakage mechanism. It was found that the effective grain size of the drain-offset region is important factor in the leakage current. A good agreement between experimental and simulated results of the leakage current is obtained.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2015

Objective: This study is to evaluate the awareness, needs, and barriers in patient counseling for hospitalized foreign patients. As the number of foreign population increases in Korea, demands on quality of Korean health services are rapidly increasing. Previously most of the studies have focused on the availability and utilization of healthcare service, and prevalence of disease for foreigners, however, no study has been conducted on quality of direct-patient care such as patient counseling. Method: In the present study, a survey was conducted on a total of 161 participants between March 7 and May 7 in 2014. The study subjects were consisted with 103 foreign patients who had experienced inpatient care within 1 year and 58 hospital pharmacists who work in the hospital with foreign inpatients. Results: Firstly, the hospital pharmacists were highly aware of the necessity of counseling for foreign inpatients. Secondly, the largest portion of barrier to patient counseling service was accounted a lack of foreign language skills. Lastly, the monitoring of efficacy, potential adverse reactions and discharge follow-up were emphasized. Conclusion: Effective communication skills would be essential to improve pharmaceutical care services to foreign inpatients.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.197-198
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• 2016

Although three different research groups have reported successful derivations of human somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryonic stem cell (SCNT-ESC) lines using fetal, neonatal and adult fibroblasts, the extremely poor development of cloned embryos has hindered its potential applications in regenerative medicine. Recently, however, our group discovered that the severe methylation of lysine 9 in Histone H3 in a human somatic cell genome was a major SCNT reprogramming barrier, and the overexpression of KDM4A, a H3K9me3 demethylase, significantly improved the blastocyst formation of SCNT embryos. In particular, by applying this new approach, we were able to produce multiple SCNT-ES cell lines using oocytes obtained from donors whose eggs previously failed to develop to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, the success rate was closer to 25%, which is comparable to that of IVF embryos, so that our new human SCNT method seems to be a practical approach to establishing a pluripotent stem cell bank for the general public as well as for individual patients.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

Superstrate pin amorphous silicon thin-film(a-Si:H) solar cells are prepared on $SnO_2:F$ and ZnO:Al transparent conducting oxides(TCO) in order to see the effect of TCO/p-layers on a-Si:H solar cell operation. The solar cells prepared on textured ZnO:Al have higher open circuit voltage VOC than cells prepared on $SnO_2:F$. Presence of thin microcrystalline p-type silicon layer(${\mu}c-Si:H$) between ZnO:Al and p a-SiC:H plays a major role by causing improvement in fill factor as well as $V_{OC}$ of a-Si:H solar cells prepared on ZnO:Al TCO. Without any treatment of pi interface, we could obtain high $V_{OC}$ of 994mV while keeping fill factor(72.7%) and short circuit current density $J_{SC}$ at the same level as for the cells on $SnO_2:F$ TCO. This high $V_{OC}$ value can be attributed to modification in the current transport in this region due to creation of a potential barrier.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Including the research in the medical curriculum is regarded as an important issue for medical education. Research experience at medical school has a positive impact on students and it motivates them to undertake further research in the future. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors to activate the research of medical school students. We investigated students' perception of the research curriculum in medical school. The survey for this study was conducted among 41 targeted medical school students from across the Republic of Korea. A total of 370 students from 26 medical schools responded. Benefits through research activities were to study about the areas of interest, as researchers had the opportunity to interact with professors and career. Students, furthermore, had difficulties in research due to data collection, the lack of research space and research funding. Requirements to activate the research were the time to participate in research activities, opening regular research courses, preparation of practical research program and motivation for such research. The medical school would need to improve the medical curriculum through the analysis of the environment and situation the school is facing based upon the in-depth analysis results of what the medical school is pursuing through the research activities, what the students want, what the potential difficulties are, and what the requirements are to improve the research curriculum.