• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2011

Soil-borne barley yellow mosaic disease caused by Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) or Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) gives a serious threat to the winter barley cultivated in the southern regions in Korea. It is important to develop resistant varieties for stable and high-yield production. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 22 genotypes of exotic barley germplasms carrying the resistance genes rym1 through rym12, with the exception of rym10, and to determine the genes that confer resistance to BaYMV or BaMMV in Korea. Using the traditional visual scoring of symptoms at 4 locations over 3 years, average disease rate values differed (P < 0.001) among the genotypes. ELISA test revealed the presence of both BaYMV and BaMMV in all of the field sites but Jinju and significantly different rates of infection among genotypes and years. Barley genotypes differed in how virus quantities and pathogen-induced symptoms were correlated, especially in response to BaYMV. Disease incidence was affected by the climatic conditions present during the early growing stage before overwintering. A Chinese landrace, 'Mokusekko 3', carrying rym1 and rym5 was comparatively resistant at all locations studied. The barley genotypes carrying either rym6 or rym9 were susceptible to the viral strains. The genotypes carrying rym5 were resistant in Jinju and Milyang but susceptible in Iksan and Naju. The resistance genes rym2 and rym3 were effective in local strains and would be potent contributors to disease resistance.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 1997

The two viruses of barley yellow mosaic(BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) were detected by ELISA from barley plants with virus-like symptoms which were collected from 16 locations in southern Korea, during 1995 and 1996. Both viruses occurred in southern Korea. Barley plants at Chongdo and Koseong were infected with BaMMV, while those infected with BaYMV were at Kurye and Taegu. After sowing 50 barley cultivars at habitually infected fields in 10 locations, the susceptibility and resistance to BaYMV and BaMMV were screened with antiserum tests. The cultivars of Albori, Alchanbori, Daejinbori, Jokangbori, Milyangbori, Boeunkwamek, Naehanssalbori, Olssalbori, Weossalbori, Dusan 29 and Deogndohyangchonkwa showed positive reaction to BaYMV antiserum, while Saeolbori, Chalbori, Jinjukwa and Baegjinkwa showed positive reaction to BaMMV. Nonsankwa 1-6 and wheat cultivars of Chongkeymil, Dahongmil, Grumil, Urimil, Jochonhomil, Sinkeyhomil showed negative reactions to both viruses. The rest cultivars were infected both with BaYMV and BaMMV. Sap inoculations to barleyplants with the two viruses of BaYMV isolated in Haenam and BaMMV isolated at National Honam Agricultural Station, expressed lower infection rate than those grown in the virus-infected fields.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.314-318
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• 1998

Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a rapid and sensitive assay method for the detection and identification of barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) was adapted. Two units of primers from each virus were selected and used for the determination of two different viruses. PCR fragments of BaYMV (ca. 0.9kb) and BaMMV (ca. 0.8kb) were obtained from the designed method for the assay of BaYMV and BaMMV coat protein. PT-PCR fragments were cloned using vector pT7 Blue and the sequences of the selected clones were analyzed. coat protein of BaYMV and that of BaMMV consisted of 297 amino acids (891 nucleotides) and 251 amino acids (753 nucleotides), respectively. The snalysis of coat protein genes from these two viruses showed that 45.6% of nucleotides sequence ad 34.9% of amino acid in BaYMV were homologous to those in BaMMV.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2007

Testing a large number of samples from field monitoring and routine indexing is cumbersome and the available virus detection tools were labor intensive and expensive. To circumvent these problems we established tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) method an alternative detection tool to detect Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) infection in the field and greenhouse inoculated plants for monitoring and routine indexing applications, respectively. Initially, leaf and stem were tested to determine suitable plant tissue for direct blotting on nitrocellulose membrane. The dilutions of antibodies were optimized for more efficient and economical purposes. Results showed that stem tissue was more suitable for direct blotting for it had no background that interferes in the reaction. Therefore, this technique was referred as direct stem blot immunoassay or DSBIA, in this study. Re-used diluted (1:1000) antiserum and conjugate up to 3 times with the addition of half strength amount of concentrated antibodies was more effective in detecting the virus. The virus blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane from stem tissues kept at room temperature for 3 days were still detectable. The efficiency of DSBIA and RT-PCR in detecting BaMMV and BaYMV were relatively comparable. Results further proved that DSBIA is a rapid, reliable and economical detection method suitable for monitoring BaMMV and BaYMV infection in the field and practical method in indexing large scale of barley materials for virus resistance screening.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2009

The complete nucleotide sequences of both RNA of an isolated Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) from Iksan, Korea, have been determined. RNA1 was 7273 nucleotides long and encodes for a polyprotein of 2261 amino acids, which contains the eight putative functional proteins. RNA2 was 3520 nucleotides long and encodes for a polyprotein of 894 amino acids, which contains two functional proteins. Results of multiple sequence alignment showed 92.9% similarity with Na1 isolate, followed by Sil, UK(F), Asl1, Remis M and UK(M) isolates, respectively. Comparison of the BaMMV-Iks polyproteins with the corresponding proteins of BaMMV-Na1 isolates showed 95% amino acid sequence identity. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Iks isolate was closely related to Na1 strain and have a common origin.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 1998

Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV-Kor) was isolated from the southern part of Korea, and by mechanical inoculation onto barley cultivars, purification and production of antibody. BaMMV-Kor purified form infected plants were filamentous particle, with 13 nm in diameter and 250∼300 nm and 500∼650 nm in length. Antibody of BaMMV-Kor was made by injecting the purified virus to the muscle of a rabbit. In gel-diffusion test, antibody to BaMMV-Kor created spur with BaMMV-Kal and BaMMV-M, but did not make spur with BaMMV-Kor infected New Golden, Ishukushirazu, Joshushiro Hadaka and Misato Golden, but did not infect Kashimamugi, Chikurin Ibaraki 1 and Mokusekko 3. In Korean barley cultivars, BaMMV-Kor infected most of the covered barley cultivars, but did not infect Saeolbori. It also infected naked barley cultivars except Chalbori and Hinssalbori. And all the beer barley cultivars were infected by BaMMV-Kor. BaMMV-Kor had two RNAs, RNA 1 (7.5 Kb) and RNA 2 (3.5 Kb), and coat protein (33 KDa).

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.363-366
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• 2017

최근 국내 맥류 재배지에서는 대부분 BaMMV, BaYMV, BYDV의 발생이 확인되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 multiplex reverse transcription polymerse chain reaction (mRT-PCR) 방법에 의해 이들 3종류의 바이러스를 동시에 진단하는 방법을 확립하였다. 이들 3종 바이러스의 외피단백질 유전자 정보를 활용하여 각 바이러스에 대한 primer를 제작하였다. mRT-PCR에 사용한 primer는 RT-PCR 반응의 민감도와 특이성에 의해 선발하여 primer 농도와 mRT-PCR의 조건을 설정하였다. 각 바이러스에 대하여 선발된 primer 사용에 의한 mRT-PCR 결과 BaMMV 594 bp, BaYMV 461 bp, BYDV 290 bp의 PCR 산물을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 맥류 바이러스 동시진단방법은 신속하고 특이적인 진단 뿐 아니라 맥류 바이러스병의 전염 등 역학 연구에도 활용 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1999년도 정기총회 및 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.6-7
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• 1999

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.75.1-75
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• 2003

Barely yellow mosaic(BaYMV) and barely mild mosaic (BaMMV) bymoviruses are both transmitted by the soil-inhabiting fungus Polymyxa gramnis, and are responsible for economic losses in barley crops in Asia and Europe. Because chemical control of the vector is ineffective, the losses can only be prevented by growing resistant barley cultivars. The objective of this study is to produce resistant barley plants by transformation with viral coat protein(cp) genes. Resistance tests of T1 plants transformed with the BaYMV CP gene showed that at least four independent lines had clear resistance to BaYMV but two other lines were highly susceptible with severe symptoms. The CP gene was detected in all resistant T1 plants by genomic PCR. Most of T2 progenies derived from the resistant T1 lines also showed resistance. In contrast, only one out of 21 independent T2 lines transformed with the BAMMV CP gene tested showed clear resistance to BaMMV, and others were very susceptible. Further analyses of resistance and CP gene expression are in progress.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2022

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) has been a major viral pathogen causing significant losses of cereal crops including oats worldwide. It spreads naturally through aphids, and a rapid, specific, and reliable diagnostic method is imperative for disease monitoring and management. Here, we established a rapid and reliable method for isothermal reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) combined with a lateral flow strips (LFS) assay for the detection of BYDV-infected oat samples based on the conserved sequences of the BYDV coat protein gene. Specific primers and a probe for RT-RPA reacted and optimally incubated at 42℃ for 10 min, and the end-labeled amplification products were visualized on LFS within 10 min. The RT-RPA-LFS assay showed no cross-reactivity with other major cereal viruses, including barley mild mosaic virus, barley yellow mosaic virus, and rice black streaked dwarf virus, indicating high specificity of the assay. The sensitivity of the RT-RPA-LFS assay was similar to that of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and it was successfully validated to detect BYDV in oat samples from six different regions and in individual aphids. These results confirm the outstanding potential of the RT-RPA-LFS assay for rapid detection of BYDV.