• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of powdered young barley leaf and its water extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in high-fat fed mice. Male mice were divided into normal group, high-fat (HF) group, high-fat group supplemented with powdered young barley leaf (HF-YBL) and high-fat group supplemented with water extract of the powdered young barley leaf (HF-WYBL). The powdered young barley leaf or its water extract was added to a standard diet based on 1% dried young barley leaf (1 g YBL/100 diet and 0.28 g WYBL/100 g diet) for 8 weeks. Supplementation of YBL and WYBL significantly reduced body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight in high-fat fed mice. Food intake and daily energy intake were significantly lower in the YBL group than in the HF group. After 8 weeks, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the HF group than in the Normal group; however, both YBL and WYBL significantly lowered those of the high-fat fed mice. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol of the YBL and WYBL groups were significantly elevated compared to that of HF group. Both YBL and WYBL significantly increased fecal excretion of triglyceride in high-fat fed mice, whereas they did not affect fecal cholesterol concentration. The triglyceride levels of liver, adipose tissue and heart were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Supplementation of WYBL also lowered the kidney triglyceride and heart cholesterol concentrations compared to those of HF group. Hepatic lipid regulating enzyme activities, fatty acid synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase, were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Accordingly, these results suggest that YBL and WYBL improve plasma and organ lipid levels partly by increasing fecal lipid excretion and inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 1986

Barley koji was made in order to investigate the lipid contents of barely koji during preparation. Diethyl ether extracts and 85% methanol extracts were extracted and purified. The lipid components were classified. The individual neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids were fractionted, quantified and fatty acid compositions of the three lipids were determined. Total lipid contents of diethyl ether and 85% methanol extract of barley koji increased during preparation. Neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents in diethyl ether extract increased, however, neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents in 85% methanol extract decreased during koji preparation. TG content of the neutral lipid in diethyl ether extract decreased. Conversely, DG, FS, FFA and ES contents increased. But TG, DG and FS contents of the neutral lipid in 85% methanol extract decreased. LPC, (PC+PS), PI, PG and PE contents of the phospholipid on diethyl ether extract increased. But LPC, (PC+PS), PE and PI contents in 85% methanol extract decreased during koji preparation. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid of neutral lipid in diethyl ether extract decreased, however, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic acid in 85% methanol extract decreased. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid of glycolipid in diethyl ether extract increased, but in 85% methanol extract they decreased except oleic acid. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoeic and linolenic acid of phospholipid in diethyl ether extract increased during koji preparation. On the other hand palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid in 85% methanol extract decreased but stearic and linoleic acid increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.537-544
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• 2016

Barley (Hardeum vulgare L.) sprout has received much attention in recent years as a functional food in many countries, especially in Korea and Japan. It has been reported that barley sprouts are comprised of 52.6% polysaccharides, 34.1% proteins, and 4.97% fats, along with a variety of vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extracts of barley sprouts. We examined the inhibitory effect of barley sprout extracts (BSE) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. BSE contains high amounts of phenolics and flavonoids and exhibits potent anti-oxidative activity, as depicted by the DPPH radical-scavenging experiment. The concentration of total phenols was 17.55 μg/ml, and flavonoids, 13.98 μg/ml. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of BSE in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and PGE₂ production, which had increased as a result of treatment with LPS, were significantly inhibited by BSE in a dose-dependent manner. BSE also significantly suppressed LPS-induced production of NO, and this was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of the iNOS and COX-2 proteins. These results indicate that barley sprouts may be a highly valuable natural product owing to its high-quality functional components as well as its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.751-756
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• 2002

For the development of functional jang-products, kanjang was prepared using barley bran. Optical density of barley bran kanjang was significantly high at 15 days after fermentation, and the amount of extract was $2{\sim}3$ fold higher than that of soybean kanjang. Among the flavor components identified in barley bran kanjang, the content of 2-furancarboxaldehyde was the highest, followed by 4-vinyl-2-methoxy-phenol, benzene-acetaldehyde, palmitic acid, and methyl-9,12-octadecadienoate. In barley bran and soybean mixtare (1 : 1) kanjang, the content of 2-furancarboxaldehyde was the highest, followed by benzeneacetaldehyde, diethyl phtalate, palmitic acid, and 2-chloroethyl linoleate. Flavor components detected in both barley bran kanjang and barey bran and soybean mixture kanjang were 2-furancarboxaldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldthyde, 4-vinyl-2-mehtoxy-phenol, 1-furfuryl-2-formy pyrrole, dimethyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, diethyl phtalate, palmiticacid, dibutyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.146-150
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using brown rice as a raw material for preparation of sikhe. The ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity of germinated brown rice was much lower than that of germinated barley; however, the extract and its sugar content of extract prepared from germinated brown rice was similar to those of germinated barley. The extract of sikhe prepared with brown rice at $60^{\circ}C$ for 4 hr was similar to that of milled rice for 1 hr. Sikhe prepared with brown rice did not differ from sikhe prepared from milled rice in sweetness, pH and acidity. Sensory evaluation of sikhe prepared with brown rice showed increase in aroma and decrease in texture compared with sikhe prepared with milled rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.28-37
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• 1980

New malting barley variety "Sacheon #6" is an early maturing, medium height, lodging resistance, high tillering, good quality and high yielding. This variety was developed from the cross Harupin-Nizo x Hokudai #2 made in 1970 at Sacheon Malting Barley Experiment Station, Doo San Farms Co., This variety was determined to recommend to the all malting barley production areas in southern part of Korea from 1979.from 1979.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 1997

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on the desalinization in newly reclaimed tideland. A desalinization experiment with leaching method was carried out using the soil samples collected in Haenam tideland, and the early growth response of winter barley to salt stress during the desalinization was investigated by measuring emergence rate, plant height, leaf area and fresh weight. The soil in Haenam tideland was saline-sodic with 59mS / cm of electrical conductivity and pH 8.0, and the soil texture was silty loam with 16％ clay and 75％ silt. Depth of water for desalinization(DWD) to decrease the electrical conductivity below 4mS /cm was 140mm in 5cm depth soil and 240mm in 20cm depth soil. The value of pH of soil and leaching water increased from 8.0 to 8.3 until the electrical conductivity decreased to about 6mS / cm during the desalinization. .The emergence rate of winter barley was over 75％ in the DWD above 80mm and showed no significant difference with the DWD. The DWD for the normal growth of winter barley seedling was above 120mm at 1 and 2 weeks after sowing(WAS), and above 160mm at 3 and 4 WAS. The leaf area and fresh weight showed no response for salt stress with the DWD above 12mm at 2 WAS, and above 16mm at 3 WAS. It was estimated that the electrical conductivity of soil saturation extract for the normal growth of winter barley during early seedling growth stage in new reclaimed tideland would be below 9mS / cm in 20cm depth soil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.555-563
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• 2018

Barley has nutritional benefits due to its high dietary fiber content; therefore, the intake of whole barley grains is recommended. However, barley is often consumed in the fermented form because of the improved texture and digestibility. The present study was designed to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathway for macrophage activation by the polysaccharide BF-CP from fermented barley. BF-CP is a neutral polysaccharide, composed of neutral sugars, including glucose (70.7%), xylose (11.4%), and arabinose (9.0%). BF-CP exhibited macrophage-stimulatory activity by inducing the production of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further, BF-CP treatment strongly increased the IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Signal transduction experiments using immunoblotting showed that BF-CP phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38, and nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$, in RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that BF-CP activates the macrophages via MAPK and $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathways, and also induces an increase in the production of cytokines.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2009

The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is now widely grown as a whole crop silage in Korea, but the quality of that silage does not examined from farms. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the forage quality of whole crop barley that was participated in Silage Quality Contest in 2008. These data were classified by region, dry matter (DM) yield, with or not additive, planting and harvest date. Difference on the lactic acid content of barley silage was detected in the region, DM yield, additive and harvest date (p<0.05), however, there were partially significant differences in chemical composition. There were significant differences among moisture content in DM yield, pH in additive, and crude ash content in additive and planting date of barley silage. Crude protein content was significant difference in the region, and ether extract content was in region, DM yield and harvest date, however, non-fiber carbohydrate was significant difference in planting date of barley silage. Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and relative feed value were significant difference only in the cultivation region of whole crop barley. According to this experiment, differences in the silage quality were observed among whole crop barley silages. Therefore, nutritive value as well as moisture and pH are important in silage quality evaluation of whole crop barley. Especially, lactic acid is an important factor for the evaluation of whole crop barley silage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2021