• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.390-395
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• 1997

보리가루, 엿기름, 찹쌀가루의 수용성 추출물과 농축액이 효소적 갈변에 대한 억제 효과가 있는지를 PPO 활성에 대한 저해효과를 통하여 알아보았으며, PPO에 대한 저해효과가 가장 크게 나타난 엿기름 농축액의 갈변 정도와 환원성을 측정하고 이들 성질과 PPO활성에 대한 저해효과와의 상관관계도 조사하였다. 나아가 사과 슬라이스를 엿기름 농축액에 침지한 후 냉장하고 냉장 중 사과 슬라이스의 조직감과 갈변 정도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. PPO에 대한 억제 효과는 엿기름 농축액이 가장 크게 나타났다. 엿기름 농축액은 가열 시간에 따라 당도, 갈변정도와 환원성은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며, PPO 활성은 감소하는 경향을 보였다 이러한 변화는 가열 60분까지는 서서히 변화하였으나 70분 이후에는 급격한 변화를 나타내었다. 또한 가열시간에 따라 엿기름 농축액의 pH는 감소하였다. 한편 엿기름 농축액에 침지한 사과 슬라이스의 냉장 저장중의 갈변정도는 6.9%로, 조직감의 변화는 14.3%로 가장 낮았다. 따라서 엿기름 농축액이 사과 슬라이스의 갈변 억제와 조직감 유지에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1332-1338
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to examine the influence of soluble non-starch polysaccharides on growth performance, mucin secretion, and endogenous amino acid flows in weaner pigs. Different levels (0, 4 and 7.5%) of purified corn arabinoxylan (AX) or barley $\beta$-glucan extract (BG) were substituted for cellulose in a purified diet based on starch, sucrose and enzymatically hydrolyzed casein. All diets contained titanium oxide as an indigestible marker. Each experimental diet was fed to five, 6-wk old weaner pigs for 21 days. Average daily gain (p<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (p<0.01) were improved with dietary inclusion of 7.5% AX and BG, indicating high degradation rates of AX and BG in pigs. Crude mucin contents and endogenous nitrogen flow were increased (p<0.05) with increased levels of AX, but not with BG. Numerical increases in endogenous amino acid flow (EAAF) were observed with increased levels of AX but no definite trend with BG. Endogenous amino acid flow in pigs fed mixed NSP diets (4% BG and 3.5% cellulose) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those fed 7.5% BG diets. Among diets containing pure sources of soluble non-starch polysaccharides, endogenous amino acid flows were highest in 7.5% AX (p<0.05), intermediate in BG, and lowest in control diet. Increased flows (p<0.01) of threonine, proline and serine in pigs fed 7.5% AX diets are consistent with the increased flow of crude mucin determined in this treatment. In conclusion, mucin and endogenous amino acid flows were increased with dietary inclusion of AX, which could be related to its physicochemical property, particularly its high water-holding capacity. In contrast, $\beta$-glucan, due to its high degradation rate in pig, may be considered as unimportant factor in inducing mucin and endogenous amino acid secretions, at least at levels such as those used in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing barley and soybean meal in finishing diets with sesame hull (SH) on growth performance, digestibility, and carcass characteristics of Black goat kids. Twenty-one Black goat kids were assigned randomly to 0%, 10%, or 20% SH diets (7/diet). The study lasted for 63 d. Intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) of kids fed the 10% diet were greater (p<0.05) than for the 0% and 20% SH diets (p<0.10). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intakes were highest (p<0.05) for kids fed the 10% SH diet when compared to 0% and 20% SH diets. Ether extract (EE) intake was greater (p<0.05) for kids fed 10% and 20% SH diets when compared to 0% SH. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF were similar among all diets. However, sesame hull inclusion increased (p<0.05) EE digestibility. Final body weight, total gain, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio were comparable among all diets. Cost of gain was lower (p<0.05) in kids fed 20% SH than the 0% SH diet, while there was no difference between the 10% SH diet and the other two diets. Dressing percentage, hot and cold carcass weights, non-carcass components, carcass cut weights, and meat quality parameters were not influenced by SH. Total fat percentage in the leg was greater (p<0.05) on 0% SH than on the 10% SH diet. Results of this study demonstrated that inclusion of sesame hull at levels of 10 or 20% did not influence the performance of Black goat kids, but the cost of gain was lower.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2009

Bacillus licheniformis WL-12의 carboxymethyl cellulase (cellulase) 유전자를 함유한 대장균 균체 파쇄상등액으로부터 DEAE-Sepharose와 Q-Sepharose 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 통해 cellulase를 정제하였다. 정제된 효소의 비활성은 163 U/mg이었으며, SDS-PAGE에 의해 측정된 분자량은 약 49.5 kDa으로 나타났다. pH 5.5와 $55^{\circ}C$에서 최대 반응활성을 보였으며, SDS (5mM)에 의해서는 cellulase의 활성이 완전히 저해되었고 $Cu^{2+}$5mM)에 의해서는 약간 증진되었다. 정제된 cellulase는 CMC, konjac, barley $\beta$-glucan과 lichenan을 가수분해하였으나 xylan, locust bean gum 및 p-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-glucopyranoside를 분해하지 못하였다. Cellooligosaccharides를 정제된 WL-12 cellulase로 분해하였을 때 cellobiose와 cellotriose가 주된 최종 반응산물로 관찰되었으며 cellobiose보다는 중합도가 큰 cellotriose, cellotetrasoe와 cellopentaose는 분해하였으나 cellobiose는 분해하지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2007

Apoptosis is a step of the cell cycle which is important in the regulation of immune cell populations. Chungkookjang is a Korean traditional fermented soybean containing microorganisms, enzymes, and bioactive compounds which was used in the treatment of mouse spleen as well as thymus cells (CH1-fermented soybean containing barley, wormwood, and sea tangle; CH2-fermented soybean) and was found to exhibit substantially reduced small DNA fragmentation. An MTT assay showed that the treatment of CH1 and CH2 into the mouse splenocytes and thymocytes sharply increased their survival. Moreover, a FACS analysis also showed that CH1 and CH2 are effective at suppressing the apoptosis of splenocytes and thymocytes. The fermented soybean isoflavone concentrations, which are implicated in lowering breast and prostate cancers, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and improving bone health, were determined using Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrochemical Detection (CE-ED). The amount of Daidzein in fermented soybean significantly increased by 44-fold dramatically, compared with those in unfermented soybean. In this study, we demonstrated that ethanol extracts of Chungkookjang promote the survival of the mouse spleen and thymus cells in culture by suppressing their apoptotic death. Future studies should investigate which genes are related to apoptosis of the immune cells.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1997

세 유형의 화학 돌연변이제 처리(1.5mol Na$N_2$ ＋0.75mol MNH, 0.75mo1 MNH＋0.75mo1 M-NH 및 0.5mol MNH＋0.5mol MNH)를 한 M$_2$ 유묘를 이용, Est 1, 2, 4, 5, GOT 1, 2, 3, LAP 1, 2 등의 isozyme band pattern에 대한 돌연변이율을 조사하였다. 1. 세 가지 돌연변이제로 처리된 M$_2$식물체에 대한 돌연변이율 조사를 실시하였는데 엽록체에 대한 돌연변이율은 폴랜드 품종인 Dema에서는 3.3%였고 사천006에서는 1.8%로 나타났다. 2. Esterase유전자좌에 대한 돌연변이율은 Dema에서 3.5%로 사천 006의 0%보다 높았으며 GOT와 LAP에서는 두 품종간 차이가 없었다. 3. 세 가지 isozyme중 대개의 돌연번이체가 Es-terase에 관계된 유전자좌에서 발생하였으며 (75% 차지) 나머지에서의 돌연변이율은 극히 미미하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2002

Cereal grains are rich in phenolic compounds that give beneficial effect in human health. Although several research works have been reported on the effects of phytochemicals of plant origin, such as fruits, vegetables, few studies have examined the antioxidative effects of whole cereal grains. The objective of this study was to determine total antioxidant capacity of 80% ethanolic extracts of cereal grains by testing the ability of the extracts to inhibit UV -induced lipid peroxidation in vitro using linoleic acid in comparison to well-known antioxidant such as ascorbic acid and tannic acid. The total phenolic content of the cereal grain (80% ethanolic extracts) investigated in this study varied from 2.1 mg/g (wheat cv. Olgeurumil) to 10.4 mg/g (barely cv. Seodunchalbori). Highly positive relationship between total phenol compounds and antioxidant activity was found. When the antioxidant activities of all investigated extracts were measured with application of same quantity of phenol compounds, oat grain extracts showed similar antioxidant activity of barely cultivars. However, barely extract appeared as the most potent antioxidant activity of inhibition of UV -induced lipid peroxidation. This indicated that factors such as phenolic compound composition and their individual antioxidant activity could playa crucial role in the total antioxidant activity of cereal grains.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.241-245
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• 1995

결명자 종실을 볶음처리 조건을 달리하여 볶은 후 결명자차를 제조하여 5단계 평점법으로 각각의 관능적 품질을 평가하였다. 결명자의 성분조성은 수분 11.6%, 조단백질 13.1%, 조지방 9.4%, 조섬유 13.8%, 조회분 4.9%, 가용성 무질소물이 47.2%이었다. 결명자를 볶음 처리하여 제조한 결명자차에서 관능적으로 느낄 수 있는 향미성분은 단맛, 떫은 맛, 시큼한 맛, 쓴맛, 볶은 커피냄새, 볶은 보리냄새 및 탄내 등이었으며 결명자차의 관능적 품질을 묘사분석에 의하여 평가한 결과 볶음처리함에 따라 전체적인 기호도가 증가하였으며 지나친 볶음처리시 쓴맛, 탄내 등에 의하여 낮은 관능 평점을 나타내었다. 관능적 특성들간의 상관관계에서는 단맛과 쓴맛이 전체적인 기호도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 $210^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 볶음처리한 경우 전체적인 기호도가 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the Rhododendron weyrichii flower extract fermented using Shindari, a traditional Jeju barley Nuruk-based fermentation. In this study, we examined the antioxidant potential of R. weyrichii flower extracts (RF) and R. weyrichii flower extracts fermented with Nuruk or Shindari (RFFN or RFFS, respectively) using various in vitro antioxidant assays including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, total phenol content and FRAP assays. We also evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of the RF and RFFS on murine RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by treating the RAW 264.7 cells with various concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 ㎍/ml) of RF or RFFS. As a result, we observed that the ABTS radical scavenging activity and total phenol content of RFFS was higher than that of RF and RFFN. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly lower in RFFS-treated cells when compared to the LPS-treated control. In addition, RFFS-treated cells exhibited decreased expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) proteins and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting showed that both the quercetin and quercetin glucoside (quercitrin and isoquercitrin) levels were affected by the fermentation process. In conclusion, our data suggests that traditional fermentation could be an important strategy in improving the biological properties of raw materials including their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Finally, RFFS may be a candidate for developing topical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1843-1851
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• 2014

다시마에는 항산화성과 무기질이 풍부하고 알긴산 등 증점 다당류가 풍부한 해조류이다. 다시마 추출물 함량을 달리한 재래식 보리된장을 제조하여 2개월간 발효시키면서 항산화능 및 이화학적 실험을 실시하였다. 제조된 된장의 pH는 5.80~6.86, 산도는 0.57~1.87%, 수분 함량은 65.30~40.90% 범위로 저장기간 동안 pH는 감소하였고 산도는 증가하였다. 점도는 보리된장 대조군이 4,913 cps이었고 다시마 추출물의 함량이 증가할수록 4,793~9,333.3 cps까지 비례하여 증가하였으며 저장기간에 따라 비례하였다(P<0.05). 다시마를 첨가한 보리된장의 색도는 다시마 추출물의 첨가량에 따라 각각 L 값과 b 값은 증가하였으나 a 값은 다시마 추출물의 함량에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 총 페놀 함량은 대조군이 12.72 mg TAE/g, 처리군이 13.40~16.37 mg TAE/g이었으며(P<0.05), flavonoid 함량은 대조군이 $0.98{\mu}gRE/g$, 처리군이 $1.25{\sim}1.56{\mu}gRE/g$으로 다시마 추출물의 첨가량과 비례하여 항산화능에 영향을 주었다(P<0.05). DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 BHA를 (+)대조군으로 하여 $IC_{50}$ 함량을 각각 구하였으며 보리된장 대조군 23.23 mg/mL, 다시마 추출물 처리군의 경우 24.83 mg/mL, 10.28 mg/mL 수준으로 다시마 추출물이 된장의 항산화능을 증진시킨 것으로 나타났다. 다시마 추출물을 첨가한 보리된장의 총균수는 초기에 7.20~7.57 log CFU/g으로 나타났고 초기 젖산균수는 4.20~4.71 log CFU/g 범위로 나타나 다시마 처리군의 총균수는 대조군보다 적고 젖산균 수는 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사에서 감칠맛은 대조군에 비해서 20% 다시마 처리군이 6.1점으로 유의적인 차이를 보였고(P<0.05), 질감 또한 대조군(5.7점)보다 20% 다시마 추출물을 첨가한 군이 6.4점으로 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 전체적 기호도는 대조군이 5.6점이었고 20% 첨가 처리군에서 6.5점으로 유의차가 크게 나타났다(P<0.01). 이상의 결과에서 보리된장에 다시마 추출물을 첨가하면 항산화능도 뛰어나므로 보리된장의 제품화 가능성도 더욱 크다고 사료된다.