• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.468-474
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine the effects of antimutagenicity from Barley (Hordeum vulgare). In Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay (In vitro test), the extract of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) inhibited mutagenic activity of 4-NQO and Trp-p-1 with 59 mix. in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In Micronucleus test (In vivo test), the methanol extract of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) inhibited micronucleus formation in bone marrow by cyclophosphamide. The $\beta$-glucan of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) showed inhibitory effects of 59-77% in mutagenic activity of 4-NQO by Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The mutagenicity of Trp-p-1 with S9 mix. by Salmonella typhimurium TA98 showed inhibitory effects of 24-56%. The methanl extract (M) was fractionated with ether (MI), ethylacetate (M2), buthanol (M3) and water (M4). The Antimutagenicity of Trp-p-1 with 59 mix. by Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in Barley fraction showed the following: methanol extract (99.58%)>ether fraction (98.05%)>buthanol fraction (56.90%)>water fraction (56.72%)>ethyl acetate fraction (28.72%). Among them, ether fraction in TA 98 showed strong antimutagenicity effects (85.56%, 98.05%) against mutation induced by 4-NQO and Trp-p-1. As concentration of the methanol extract increased (1.25~5 g/kg/10 cc), micronucleus formation in bone marrow by chemical mutagen (CP) showed inhibitory effects of 50% (p< 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

Background: Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley was investigated as a potential natural source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Methods and Results: The yields from Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley water and ethanol extract were 17.69% and 25.77%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley extracts was confirmed by various methods including assayss of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitrite radical scavenging, and $Fe^{3+}$ to $Fe^{2+}$ reducing power activity. The ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley showed improved DPPH, ABTS and nitrite radical scavenging activity compared with the water extract. After treatment of RAW264.7 cells with Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley ethanol extracts, the cell viability compared with the control was 92.82%, even at a concentration of $3,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The ethanol extract inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with $H_2O_2$, even at low concentrations. In addition, the ethanol extract showed an inhibitory effects on the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that the extract of Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley is a potential source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1982

A comparison was made for growth and yield of two rowed and six rowed barley varieties to differentiate their fundamental characteris in relation with brewing quality. Heading and maturing time of two rowed barley varieties were similar to those of six rowed covered but were earlier than those of six rowed naked ones. Most of two rowed varieties were spring barley and low temperature susceptible, but they were relatively photoinsensitive compared to six rowed varieties. Eventhough malting barley has heavier stands and grains, they were quite similar in yielding ability with six rowed cultivars with decreased number of grains per spike. In quality characters, malting barley has better germination energy and rate, lower protein content than the common six rowed barley and decisively better for brewing that six rowed barley with higher malt yield, extract yield and quality and enzyme activity. In comparison of malting barley varieties produced in Korea and Japan indicated that those varieties produced in Japan were better in germination characters, extract yield and quality, Kolback index and enzyme activity than those produced in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1998

When rice straw was mulched, the inhibition of weed growth was observed in the barley field. This study was carried to indentify the influence of rice straw extract on germination, shoot and root growth of barley and water foxtail, according to extraction rate, temperature, growth stage, variety and soaking time. The inhibition rate of germination, shoot and root length of barley and water foxtail was higest in rice straw extract of $24^{\circ}C$, 5hours, 10%(w/v). Daerimbyeo's extract among 17 rice varieties inhibited growth of barley most, but Anjoongbyeo's was lowest. Among five growth stages, extract at seedling stages inhibited growth of barly and water foxtail most. Among 10 barley varieties, Seaolbori showed the greatest growth inhibition by rice straw extract.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 1994

The antioxidant activity of solvent extracts isolated from barley leaves was investigated by measuring peroxide value. The fractions of methanol extract obtained from preparative TLC was also studies, with UV-Visible spectrum, total phenol contents and hydrogen donating ability(HDA) The antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts was, in decreasing order, methanol> ethyl ether> methylene chloride $\geq$ ethyl acetate $\geq$acetone> hexane. The antioxidant activity of the fractions of methanol extract was, in decreasing order, fraction 2> fraction 3> fraction 1 and their activity was all superior to that of tocopherol at 500 ppm level. All fraction(1, 2 and 3) exhibited a strong UV absorption at 280 m which would be specifically produced by phenolic compound. UV absorption at 280 m of fraction 2 was greater than those of fraction 1 and 3. In the visible spectrum of these fractions, the maximum .absorption wavelengths of fraction 1, 2 and 3 were 660, 460 and 460 m, respectively. Antioxidant activity of barley leaves seemed to be due to the flavonoids containing phenolic group by UV spectrum and total phenol content.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2022

The current study examined the impact of fermented barley sprout extract prepared using lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sp.) in decreasing odor and increasing livestock productivity and measured the difference in the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract after fermentation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of fermented barley sprout extract was evaluated through order level and production index of livestock by supplying it to a broiler house. The results showed that with fermented barley sprout extract, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents were increased significantly by 174% and 562%, respectively. When the extract was applied as an additive to drinking water in the test farm, the productivity improved by about 10%, the mortality rate was reduced by about 66%, and there was a significant decrease in odor by about 80%. Compared with the control group, the production index increased by about 21%, the feed requirement decreased by about 8%, the odor showed a decrease in the NH₃ level, and no other gas was detected. It was observed that lactic acid bacteria settle in the intestine, suppress the proliferation of bacteria that cause diarrhea and enteritis, and help digestion. The lactic acid bacteria effectively remove bad odor gases such as NH₃, Amines, H₂S and CH₄S. Such odor reduction improves productivity. Our findings provide valuable information for quality water supply, production optimization and livestock management.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1989

Eight samples of Korean two-rowed barley, 9 samples of North American barley and 3 samples of Korean six-rowed barley were analysed for 1,000 kernel weight, steeping time, germinative capacity, and protein content. The barley samples were malted with the same malting schedule and analyzed for malting loss, protein content, soluble protein, percent extract, wort viscosity, and diastatic power. The American barleys were higher in germinative capacity, percent extract and diastatic power than the Korean two-rowed barleys. The protein content ranged from 11.8 to 14.2% for the North American barleys and 9.7 to 15.5% for Korean barleys. The three Korean six-rowed barleys were lower in germinative capacity, percent extract and diastatic power, but were higher in wort viscosity than the Korean two-rowed barleys.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.135-151
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• 1982

This investigation was carried out to clarify the changes of pigments and soluble protein, and photosystem II activity in the leaves of barley (${SO}_2$-sensitive) and corn (${SO}_2$-resistant) seedlings induced by the ${SO}_2$ fumigation (10, 50ppm). The pH changes of the leaf extract, the content of sulfite and sulfate, the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase were compared in the leaves of barley and corn seedlings induced by ${SO}_2$ fumigation. The results are summarized as follows: An appreciable effect of pH change of leaf extract by ${SO}_2$ fumigation was observed in barley leaves (pH 6.10 to 5.18), but only a small change occurred in corn leaves (pH 5.66 to 5.50). The same pattern of pH changes was recorded when the solution of 0.2N HCl was added to leaf extract, providing lower buffering capacity of the barley leaves than corn leaves. After 2 hours of exposure to 10 ppm ${SO}_2$, the contents of ${SO}^{2-}_3$ and ${SO}^{2-}_4$ were increased in barley leaves, while only ${SO}^{2-}_4$ increased in corn leaves. After fumigation with 10ppm ${SO}_2$ for 2 hours, barley leaves showed significant decreases in activities of catalase, to 17% peroxidase, to 58%, and polyphenoloxidase, to 88%. Corn leaves showed increases in activities of peroxidase, to 136%, and polyphenoloxidase, to 128%. Absorption spectra of pigments obtained from ${SO}_2$-fumigated leaves were gradually decreased with the fumigation time increases, but the decrease was more significant in barley leaves. Fumigation with 50ppm ${SO}_2$ for 2 hours induced the greatest decomposition in carotenoid, followed by chlorophyll a and then chlorophyll b in barley leaves. The ratio of chlorophyll a/b was decreased from 4.1 to 3.6 in barley leaves, but in corn leaves it was maintained almost a constant level(4.9-4.8). The rate of decomposition of chlorophyll and carotenoid in corn leaves was very slow than those in the barley leaves. Fumigation with 50 ppm ${SO}_2$ for 2 hous, decreased the protein content of barley leaves to 59%, and that of corn leaves to 89%, and the extent of decrease in protein content was greater than that of pigments in barley and corn leaves. The rate of DCIP9dichlorophenol indophenol) photoreduction in ${SO}_2$-fumigated leaves was decreased to 18 and 67% in barley and corn leaves, respectively. However, DCIP photoreduction was considerably recovered about 32 and 92% with the addition of DPC(diphenylcarbazide) as an exogenous electron donor in barley and corn leaves, respectively.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.661-668
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• 1997

By using several solvents, barley extracts containing the anticomplementary activities in classical pathway were prepared (250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml): methanol (83.1%), ethanol (71.9%), water extract (25.4%), M-1 (250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), and the soluble part of methanol extract which showed the highest activity (83.4%) and the yield. Anticomplementary activity of methanol extract as well as protease digestion in classical pathway showed 82.4% and 78.4% in the concentration of 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. It was found that protein was not involved in anticomplementary activity in the classical pathway and the methanol extract made an impact on classical pathway, but not on alternative pathway. For the immune-stimulating effect, the T cell proliferation effect of the protease digestion displayed little effect irrespective of the dose. In addition, the T cell proliferation effect of methanol extract showed 13-fold higher proliferation effect compared with positive control. It was revealed that the substance containing protein serves as an important factor for the immune proliferation. Therefore, the anticomplementary activity ${\beta}$-glucan in classical pathway and alternative pathway displayed the lowest activity, showing 2.2%, 22.3% respectively. However, the immune-stimulating effect of ${\beta}$-glucan showed the T cell stimulating effect 13 times higher than positive control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.230-236
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• 2018

Objective: Two ex vivo experiments were conducted to verify the effect of barley grain (Nusrat cultivar) treated with alkaline compounds (AC) including alum, ammonium, and sodium hydroxide or cation-exchanged organic extracts (OE) prepared from alfalfa hay, sugar beet pulp and Ulva Fasciata, on extent and digestion of starch. Methods: In the first study, the in vitro first order disappearance kinetic parameters of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and starch were estimated using a non-linear model ($D_{(t)}=D_{(i)}{\cdot}e^{(-k_d{\cdot}time)}+I$, where: $D_{(t)}$ = potentially digestible residues at any time, $D_{(i)}$ = potentially digestible fraction at any time, $k_d$ = fractional rate constant of digestion (/h), I = indigestible fraction at any time). In the second experiment, the ruminal and post-ruminal disappearance of DM, CP, and starch were determined using in situ mobile nylon bag. Results: Barley grains treated with alum and alfalfa extract had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.11 and 0.09/h) than others. Barley grain treated with OE had a higher constant rate of CP digestion and that of treated with AC had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.08 and 0.11/h) compared with those of the other treatments. The indigestible fraction of starch treated with alum and sugar beet pulp extract was higher than that of the control group (0.24 and 0.25 vs 0.21). Barley grain treated with AC and OE had significant CP disappearance in the rumen, post-rumen and total tract, and also starch disappearance for post-rumen and total tract compared with the untreated (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that AC and OE might have positive effects on the starch degradation of the barley grain. In addition, treating barley grain with alum and sugar beet pulp extract could change the site and extend digestion of protein and starch.