• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.291-294
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• 2003

Ball indentation tests have been used to estimate the mechanical properties of materials by some investigators. In this study, load-depth curves from ball indentation tests have been analysed using the geometric conditions of ball indentation. Series of numerical calculations and experimental results showed that those curves could be simplified by linear functions. After linearizing the indentation curves, the estimation process of the flow properties became straight forward and the scatter of results could be drastically reduced.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.9 s.240
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• pp.1253-1261
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• 2005

Cast stainless steel (CSS) is thermally aged by a long term exposure in the range of nuclear power plant operating temperature. The thermal aging is a cause of concern for the continued safe and reliable operation of CSS nuclear components. Therefore, an assessment of degradation in material properties of these components has been importantly considered. In this study the ball indentation tests were performed on four cast stainless steels aged at $400^{\circ}C$ for 3600 hours, to investigate the applicability of ball indentation test to the assessment of aging degradation of cast stainless steels. Thus, the reliability of ball indentation test for aged CSS was analyzed by evaluating the scattering of data tested from each material and by comparing tensile properties obtained from ball indentation test and standard tensile test. Also, the tensile properties of aged CSS obtained from ball indentation test were compared with those predicted by the evaluation procedure developed on the basis of material database for aged CSS.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2003

Ball indentation tests have been used to estimate the mechanical properties of materials by several investigators. In this study, load-depth curves from ball indentation tests were analyzed using the geometric conditions of the contact between ball and specimen. A series of numerical calculations and experimental results showed that the contact load-depth curves could be simplified by linear functions. Once we obtained the contact indentation depth from linearizing the experimental indentation curves, the estimation process of the flow properties became straight-forward and the scatter of results could be drastically reduced.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.660-665
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• 2003

The true stress - true strain relation of SA508 steel was evaluated with analytical and experimental equation on the base of the indentation load-depth curve obtained from the modeling of ball indentation test. The evaluated relation between true stress and true strain is agreed well with that of SA508 teel defined in the modeling. The distribution of effective stress along the center axis of indentation depth was calculated with Tresca criteria in the modeling. The representative strain, which are defined in this study as the corresponding strains obtained from the maximum effective stress, have a linear relation with the true strain. The true stress - true strain relation of austenitic stainless steel was evaluated by the modeling of ball indentation test to verify the case of A508 steel.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.237-247
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• 2004

To investigate the applicability of automated ball indentation (ABI) tests in the evaluation of the tensile properties of cast stainless steel (CSS), ABI tests were performed on four types of unaged CSS and on 316 stainless steel, all of which had a different microstructure and strength. The reliability of ABI test data was analyzed by evaluating the data scattering of the ABI test and by comparing tensile properties obtained from the ABI test and the tensile test. The results show that the degree of scattering of the ABI test data is reasonably acceptable in comparison with that of standard tensile data, when two points data that exhibit out-of-trend are excluded from five to seven points data tested on a specimen. In addition, the scattering decreases slightly as the content of ${\delta}-ferrite$ in CSS increases. Moreover, the ABI test can directly measure the flow parameters of CSS with error bounds of about ${\pm}10\%$ for the ultimate tensile stress and the strength coefficient, and about ${\pm}15\%$ for the yield stress and the strain hardening exponent. The accuracy of the ABI test data is independent of the amount of ${\delta}-ferrite$ in the CSS.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.713-720
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• 2000

The biaxial fracture behavior of alumina ceramics was studied using ball-on-3-ball test. The polished surfaces of alumina specimens were indented at 0mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm apart from the center of the specimen along path A, passing between the two supporting balls from the center of the specimen, and along path B, passing above the three supporting balls from the center of the specimen. The fracture strength of the indented specimens was measured using the ball-on-3-ball test, a kind of biaxial strength test. The fracture strength increased with increasing the distance from the center to indented position. The fracture strength of the specimen indented along path B was higher than that of the specimens indented along path A. It was presented that the fracture caused by tangential stress rather than radial stress when the indented positions are 1mm and 2mm from the center of the specimen. This phenomenon was in good agreement with FEM analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2001

As huge energy transfer systems like a nuclear power plant, steam power plant and petrochemical plant are operated for a long time, mechanical properties are changed by degradation. The life time of the systems can be affected by the mechanical properties. BI(Ball Indentation) test has a potential to replace conventional fracture tests like a uniaxial tensile test, fracture toughness test, hardness test and so on. In this paper, we would like to present the ageing evaluation technique by the BI method. The four classes of the thermally aged 1Cr-!mo-0.25V specimens were prepared using an artificially accelerated aging method. Tensile tests, fracture toughness tests, hardness tests and BI tests were performed. The results of the BI tests were in good agreement with fracture characteristics by a standard fracture test method within 5%. The IDE(Indentation Deformation Energy) of a BI technique as a new parameter for evaluating a degradation was suggested and the new IDE parameter clearly depicts the degradation degree.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1903-1910
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• 2001

The BI(Ball Indentation) method has a potential to assess the mechanical properties and to replace conventional fracture tests. In this study, the BI test system has been developed to evaluate material properties. Tensile tests, fracture toughness tests, hardness tests and BI tests were performed by the system using four classes of thermally aged specimens. The results of the BI tests were in good agreement with fracture characteristics from a standard fracture test method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

As huge energy transfer systems like a nuclear power plant, steam power plant and petrochemical plant are operated for a long time, mechanical properties are changed by degradation. The life time of the systems can be affected by the mechanical properties. So determination of the integrity of the metallic structure is required either to en4sure that failure will not occur during the service life of the components or to evaluate the lifetime extension of the structure. An automated ball indentation(ABI) method was developed as a non-destructive technique for evaluating the integrity of such metallic components. In this paper, we would like to present the aging evaluation technique by the ABI method. The five classes of the thermally aged CF8M specimens were prepared using an artificially accelerated aging method. After holding 100, 300, 900, 1800 and 3600 hours at 43$0^{\circ}C$, the specimens were cooled down using water to room temperature respectively. The tensile test, hardness test, charpy impact test, ABI test were performed. The results of the fracture test were compared with those of ABI test and the new evaluation technique of the integrity of metallic structures was developed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.171-176
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• 2000

As huge energy transfer systems like a nuclear power plant, steam power plant and petrochemical plant are operated for a long time, mechanical properties are changed by degradation. The life time of the systems can be affected by the mechanical properties. BI(Ball Indentation) test has a potential to replace conventional fracture tests like a uniaxial tensile test, fracture toughness test, hardness test and so on. In this paper, we would like to present the aging evaluation technique by the BI method. The four classes of the thermally aged 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V specimens were prepared using an artificially accelerated aging method. Tensile tests, fracture toughness tests, hardness tests and BI tests were performed. The results of the BI tests were in good agreement with fracture characteristics by a standard fracture test method. The IDE(Indentation Deformation Energy) of a BI technique as a new parameter for evaluating a degradation was suggested and the new IDE parameter clearly depicts the degradation degree.