• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2024

This paper explores the factors influencing the degree of freedom in open-world games, taking <The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom> as a case study, it is carefully analyzed in comparison to similar well-known games such as <Genshin>,<Elden Ring>, and <Far Cry>. It also analyzes how the player skill system and its synergy with the combination of interactive elements can effectively enhance the freedom of the game. The results show that the diversity of player skill systems not only significantly enhances the in-game strategy and depth of exploration, but also the rich combination of interactive elements further enhances players' tactical flexibility. This paper also points out that simply expanding the map size while neglecting the content richness and balance of quest design can have negative impacts on the game. This study aims to provide game developers with insights that emphasize the application of skill diversity and interactive elements to improve players' gameplay freedom and overall experience.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.115-131
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• 1997

The problem addressed in this paper is to minimize the deviations of workloads assigned to worker and to maximize the total utilizations(degree of skill) between workers and machines simultaneously. Each worker can handle the set of machines with the different degree of skill and each machine has the workloads needed to be processed. Also, each worker has to be assigned to at least one machine with the minimum workload deviation. This problem can be formulated as a preemptive goal programming with generalized assignment constraints. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases. First, a capacitated circulation network is constructed to assign the workers to machines with the maximum total utilizations while considering workloads balance. Then, a refinement process is applied to the split machines to satisfy the feasibility condition. The real industrial application in a plastic extrusion manufacturer is included along with several computational experiments.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the changes of physical function, perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function, and functional independence in the institutionalized aged according to functional group activity program (self help Tai Chi exercise plus functional task). Methods: Study subjects were 20 institutionalized aged from June to October in 2010. The subjects received functional group activity program two times a week for 15 weeks. Physical function (grip strength, coordination, lower extremity strength, balance, gait, trunk flexibility), perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function(depression, social skill), and functional independence were measured before and after the program. Results: The subjects showed significantly increased physical function (coordination, lower extremity strength, gait, trunk flexibility), perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function (depression, social skill), and functional independence. The functional group activity program may be an effective strategy for institutionalized elders to enhance their functions. Conclusion: The functional group activity program may be effective on elderly institutions which have limitation in human, material, environmental resources.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2016

Background: Deficiencies in the ability to maintain balance are common in elderly. Augmented feedback such as knowledge of results (KR) can accelerate learning and mastering a motor skill in older people. Objects: We designed this study to examine whether one session of Wii-Fit game with self-regulated KR is effective for elderly people, and to compare the effect of two different timings of self-regulated KR conditions. Methods: Thirty-nine community-dwelling elders, not living in hospice care or a nursing home, participated in this study. During acquisition, two groups of volunteers were trained in 10 blocks of a dynamic balancing task under the following 2 conditions, respectively: (a) a pre-trial self-regulated KR ($n_1=18$), or (b) a post-trial self-regulated KR ($n_2=21$). Immediate retention tests and delayed retention tests of balancing performance were administered in 15 minutes and 24 hours following acquisition period, respectively. Results: In both groups, significant improvements of balancing performances scores were observed during the acquisition period. Regardless of the group, mean of balancing performance scores on retention tests were well-maintained from the final session. There were no significant differences between groups in balancing performance scores during the acquisition period (p>.05); however, the post-trial self-regulated KR group exhibited significantly higher balancing performance scores in both the immediate retention test and delayed retention test than that of the pre-trial self-regulated KR group (p<.05). Conclusion: Therefore, subjects who regulated their feedback after a dynamic balancing task, during the acquisition period, experienced more efficient motor learning during the retention period than did subjects who regulated their feedback before a dynamic balancing task. Accordingly, in case of presenting the KR of motor learning in clinical settings to elders who reduced dynamic balance abilities, the requesting time of KR is imperative according to self-estimation processes as well as types of KR and practice.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.348-352
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• 2018

BioRescue($RMIng{\acute{e}}nierie$, Marseille, France)는 대상자가 일어서거나 앉을 때 동적과 정적인 균형을 평가하기 위해 사용하는 장비이다. 이전부터 다양하게 사용되고 있지만 이 장비에 대한 명확한 신뢰도에 대한 연구는 아직 부족한 상태이다. 본 논문은 균형 능력 측정을 위한 BioRescue의 측정자내와 측정자간 신뢰도를 측정했다. 이 연구의 대상자는 34명의 건강한 대상자들과 2명의 물리치료사 평가자들로 구성되었다. BioRescue는 발지표(면적과 압력), 롬버그 검사, 안정성 검사로 구성되어 있다. 발지표의 면적과 안정성 검사는 모든 방향에서 ICC값이 0.60 이상으로 나왔다. 하지만 발지표의 압력과 롬버그 검사는 모든 방향에서 ICC값이 0.60 이하로 나왔다. BioRescue는 균형검사 시 발지표의 면적과 안정성 검사에서 높은 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 하지만, 발지표의 압력과 롬버그 검사의 수치에서 숙련자와 비숙련자의 차이를 보이기 때문에 장비의 정확성을 위해 숙련이 필요하다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate hamstring length during static uprighting position using weight distribution ratio. Methods: Ninety-six volunteers(56 males) were participated. The active knee extension test(AKE) was measured 3 times on both legs. The mean score of AKE was obtained. Then, the measurement of weight distribution ratio was observed 3 times on both legs, and its mean value was also calculated. Subjects were divided four groups based on their hamstring length measurement; both hamstring shortening group, left hamstring shortening group, right hamstring shortening group and normal hamstring length group. One-way ANOVA was employed to analyse collected data. Pearson's correlation was also hired to see any relationship between the hamstring length and the weight distribution. Results: In anterior/left area and posterior/right area, both hamstring shortening group left hamstring shortening group were superior to right hamstring shortening group and normal hamstring length group. Significant difference was existed statistically(p<.05) between groups. The correlation analysis between hamstring length and weight distribution ratio has not been shown any significant findings(Pant/post=0.733, Plt/rt=0.135). Conclusion: The results of the study may be applied to therapeutic management in posture and movement skill in musculoskeletal physical therapy.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 플로우 4경로모형에서 마음상태와 플레이(play)가 하는 역할과 그 결과를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 선행요인인 도전감 및 숙련도의 조합에 따른 마음상태를 측정하고, 플레이를 플로우 4경로모형에 투입하여 플로우이론에서 가설적으로 제시하고 있는 마음상태와 플레이의 영향관계를 분석하였다. 또한 플로우와 플레이의 웹충성도에 대한 영향도 분석하였다. 가설검정 결과에서는 첫째, 도전감과 숙련도의 조합에 따라 플로우, 두려움, 지루함, 무관심의 마음상태가 형성되는 것이 확인되었다. 그러나 두려움의 수준은 도전감과 숙련도가 모두 가장 낮은 무관심집단에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이런 결과는 플로우이론의 설명과 일치하지 않는데, 무관심집단은 두려움으로 인해 온라인 쇼핑을 회피하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 둘째, 도전감과 숙련도에 따라 구분된 집단 간에 플레이 수준에서 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 플레이는 플로우에 대해서는 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 지루함에 대해서는 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 두려움과 무관심에 대해서는 부(-)의 영향효과가 유의적이지 않았다. 넷째, 플레이와 플로우는 웹충성도에 유의적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 부정적 마음상태인 두려움, 지루함, 무관심은 웹충성도에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 플레이의 웹충성도에 대한 영향은 부정적 마음상태에서 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 플로우 4경로모형에서의 마음상태를 확인하기 위해 이를 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하여 사용하였다. 마음상태별로 수립한 4개의 구조방정식 모형을 통해 플로우 뿐만 아니라 두려움, 지루함, 무관심의 부정적 마음상태에서 발생하는 영향관계를 종합적으로 입증하였다. 이런 결과는 부정적 마음상태의 영향을 확인하였다는 점에서 이론발전에 기여하였다고 본다. 또한, 플로우모형에서 플레이의 역할을 규명하였다는 점에서도 의미가 있다. 본 연구는 실무적으로도 인터넷 소비자들의 마음상태에 따른 시장세분화와 플레이를 활용한 마케팅전략수립에 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the consistency and balance of learning objectives of units and instructional units according to grades and educational domains. Educational domains were cognitive(scientific knowledge), scientific inquiry(inquiry process skills), affective(scientific attitude), and science-technology-society(STS). Learning objectives of life field of the 7th elementary science curricular teaching guidebooks were analysed. Scientific inquiry process skill objectives(43.5%) were most dominant in units, but cognitive objectives(53.9%) were most dominant in instructional units. STS objectives were most recessive in both units and instructional units. Especially, objectives of units and instructional units were shown no consistency by grade. The results of this study suggested that the textbooks and teaching guidebooks should be developed consistently by considering learning activities and contents on the basis of background and properties of science curriculum.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.931-940
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• 1998

This study was done to describe health behavior and determine affecting factors in Korean adults, based on the Health Behavior Assessment tool. The subjects were sample of 298 adults from five cities. The instrument for this study were Health Behavior Assessment tool (30 items, 4 scale). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, cluster analysis with SPSS program were used to analyze the data. The results of the study are as follows ; 1) The average item score for health behavior was 2.56, the highest score on the subscale was limitation of liking(M=3.16), followed by stress management (M=2.98), nutrition(M=2.82), energy conservation (M=2.67). 2) A significant difference between age, sex, perception of health, and health behavior were found. 3) Pattern of health behavior among Korean adults focused on stress management in order to obtain emotional stability, and balance and harmony in dietary life, and energy conservation. Patterns of health behavior in Korean adults is unique in each individual. Therefore nursing intervention skill for health promotion have to be developed based on the health behavior in each individual.

• 복식
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• 제27권
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• pp.147-161
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• 1996

This is a report on the fashion education in Itatly. The author looked into the character of education system and the curriculum of the fashion institutes in Italy. This report will be the guideline in the fashion education in Korea. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The curriculum of fashion education should be adjusted to be realistic and to keep the proper balance between theories and skills. 2. The Train for construct tchniques should be given much more weight in the total skill educations. 3. It is demanded that fashion institutes should take efforts to fill the gap between institutes and fashion industries for example field training. 4 It is better to change the sys-tem of fashion education as cultivating the various fashion specialists For this it is necessary to make various cources in the de-partment of clothings.