• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.372-389
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to select a simple and easy measurable food behavior checklist for the development of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children, which reflects children's diet quality, as well as to evaluate the validity of the items in the food behavior checklist. The first 36 items in the checklist were established by an expert review, modifying the preliminary 50 items in the checklist, which had been selected by a literature review and the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. 341 children in 5th and 6th grades at an elementary school participated in a one-day dietary record survey, and later responded to 36 food behavior questions of the checklist. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the responses to the food behavior checklist items along with the mean nutrient intakes of the children were calculated. From the result, in which responses of food frequency and food behavior items showed certain association with the dietary record data, a second checklist with 22 items was selected. A survey was conducted by using the second checklist. 1,393 children in the 5th and 6th grades at 12 elementary schools in metropolitan cities, such as Seoul, Busan, Gwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, and Incheon, participated in the survey. Further, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. After the analysis, 19 items (10 items from food frequency and 9 items from food behavior) were finalized as the food behavior checklist items for the NQ. The final 19 food behavior checklist items were composed of 5 factors: 'Balance', 'Diversity', 'Moderation', 'Regularity', and 'Practice'. This study is a significant first trial to establish a comprehensive system for evaluating children's food habit and diet quality. This checklist might need continuous modification and revision reflecting the change of children's dietary life and the social environment.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.82-88
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• 2015

After a reheating furnace installation, the modification of the size and the heat capacity is very difficult. Therefore, the development of design package tool is required for the computation on the correct specifications before the design and the installation. Prior to development of the design tool, a module that calculates the amount of heat loss of each part according to the specifications for determining the thermal efficiency of a continuous heating furnace was developed and applied to the oxy-fuel industrial furnace. Through this, the effects of fuel type, oxygen fraction and recirculation on the efficiency of the furnace of which the output is 110Ton/hour were analyzed. In oxy-fuel combustion condition, the efficiency was 15% higher than air combustion conditions. With the using COG(Coke Oven Gas) instead of LNG, the efficiency was slightly increased. In the air combustion condition, the efficiency was increased about 33% with the preheated air. But, in oxy-fuel condition, the amount of exhaust gas was reduced, so the efficiency was increased about 7%.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.102-108
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• 2007

Among culture industry that greet digital generation and is observed 21th century the most representative game industry latest is caught what and more interest degree is rising. 2D and 3D animation accomplish continuous growth and development depending action expression along with development of computer technology, and 2D and 3D animation practical use extent are trend that is widening the area in TV, movie, GAME industry etc. through computer hardware and fast change of software technology. The trend of latest game graphic is trend that the weight is changing from 2D to 3D by 3D game and activation of 3D game character that raise player's immersion stuff and Control in 2D's simplicity manufacturing game balance for one side. This treatise that is reality of 3D game character to classify kind of (Motion Capture) and 3D character animation, form model the sense put. Recognize that is overview and reality of 3D game character first for this about example, and is considered to efficiency is high game industry and digital contents industry hereafter by proposing kind model classification of 3D game character animation, form model classification data and character animation manufacture process that application is possible at fast time and effect in 3D character animation application are big.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.667-679
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• 2010

The distributed hydrologic model has been considerably improved due to rapid development of computer hardware technology as well as the increased accessibility and the applicability of hydro-geologic information using GIS. It has been acknowledged that physically-based distributed hydrologic model require significant amounts of data for their calibration, so its application at ungauged catchments is very limited. In this regard, this study was intended to develop a distributed hydrologic model (S-RAT) that is mainly based on conceptually grid-based water balance model. The proposed model shows advantages as a new distributed rainfall-runoff model in terms of their simplicity and model performance. Another advantage of the proposed model is to effectively assess spatio-temporal variation for the entire runoff process. In addition, S-RAT does not rely on any commercial GIS pre-processing tools because a built-in GIS pre-processing module was developed and included in the model. Through the application to the two pilot basins, it was found that S-RAT model has temporal and spatial transferability of parameters and also S-RAT model can be effectively used as a radar data-driven rainfall-runoff model.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2005

Children are in mixed dentition during 6 years after 3 years old. this time is very important for sound permanent dentition. There are many factors of influence to tooth eruption stage ; adjacent teeth, tooth resorption, early loss or retention of deciduous tooth, local lesion, lip and tongue, masticatory muscles, ect. These factors should be in balance, if not, relation of adjacent teeth is changed, then severe malocclusion is occurred maybe. These cases revealed influences of resin bonded metal splint on occlusal surface of children's molar to mixed dentition. Splints interfere with falling off of deciduous tooth, tooth eruption, normal occlusion formation, and development of mixed dentition and occlusion. Therefore we removed the metal splint from teeth, follow-up checked occlusion and tooth eruption.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.169-197
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• 2012

It is often argued that the parental leave should be extended in order to help employees achieve the balance of work and family life. However, one should be careful in designing the parental leave since there is a tradeoff between the continuity of employment after childbearing and the depreciation of human capital due to the time off the work. The paper investigates whether the parental leave payment introduced in Korea in 2001 helped women's take-up of the leave and employment after giving birth. The results are as follows. First, the increase in the payment indeed raised the female take-up of the leave. Second, women returned to labor market less often after giving birth in the short run, but the size of the effect tends to decrease in the long run. However, the negative effect on returning to the same workplace after the birth remains significant in the long run. Lastly, there is no evidence that the share of women of childbearing age at workplace changed due to the increase in the parental leave payment. Although there is a limitation in that the analysis is based only on the employment covered by the Employment Insurance, these findings imply that the increase in the parental leave payment may not be an effective policy tool for promoting female labor market participation. On the other hand, it should be noted that it is necessary to pay attention to child development as well as female employment as an objective in order to make an overall judgement on the parental leave policy.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.347-357
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• 2014

This research aims to suggest the possibility of functional culture contents based on interdisciplinary methodologies, especially for people who have Autism Spectrum Conditions, or those who have disabilities on express and receive gamsung (emotions). Recently, the development of application technologies in smartphones and tablet computers needs of functional culture contents, which are connected with the gamsung system. Moreover, the potential of marketplace of functional culture contents is emerging, as can be seen from the success of Augmentative and Alternative Communications (AAC) applications. Therefore, with the development of more applications that prevent and resolve Gamsung Disabilities anticipatively, there will be a positive economic effect of reducing back on intervention expenses as well as the construction of new contents ecosystem. So, in this research, we will attempt to make an approach of using the cultural semiotics methodology in finding attributes and features of applications that help to keep mental stability and balance for people with gamsung Disabilities. Particularly, this research will suggest an interdisciplinary theory on healing contents making methodology, using contents analysis; user interface (UI) analysis; and user experience (UX) analysis on existing smart healing applications.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2020

Despite growing international cooperation for maintenance of international peace and security, wars continue to occur due to conflicted state interests. Continuing conflicts has advanced development of various weapon systems such as global integrated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. However, with a big increase in the number of civilian casualties caused by the weapon systems development, the international community has also advanced diplomatic efforts to minimize deaths of civilian and military personnel. Therefore, it is essential to observe the principle of discrimination between combatants and non-combatants when operating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), better known as drones. Drones have become more capable of distinguishing combatants from non-combatants due to its high-tech prowess. In the operation of drones, any parties involved in combat or the war are responsible for mounting civilian casualties. In addition, it should comply with the principle of proportionality that calls for a balance between results of such action and expected military advantage anticipated from the attack. The rule of proportionality prohibits use of military force which may be expected to cause excessive civilian harm. Drones have been able to track and monitor targets for hours and select the accurate locations of the targets. The aim is to reduce civilian losses and damage to a minimum. Drones meet the standards of Article 51.4 of the Additional Protocol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.352-352
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• 2017

Recently, the South Korean government encourages the cultivation of upland crops in the paddy field to maintain an adequate level of rice production and then to balance the demand and supply of rice. This is mainly because the rice consumption per capita per year has continued to decline from 135 kg in 1979 to 61.9 kg in 2016, although the rice production was relatively stable. As a result, the rice overproduction became a big social problem. As a part of that, various upland crops such as soybean, maize, minor cereals and forage crops are planted in the paddy field 10 years ago. The cultivation of these crops may settle the problem of short supply and mass import of the crops to some extent. However, a systematic remote observation of upland crops in the paddy field is very scarce. This study investigated the cultivation status of upland crops and any changes of crop harvesting in the paddy field by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Also, we analyzed the kind of upland crops and cultivation area in the paddy field by utilizing time series observation images. A fixed wing UAV is used for the investigation. This is because it is easy to use the flight operation and to control flight management software, and it can automatically cope with various emergency states such as a strong wind and battery discharge. The material of UAV is expanded polypropylene, which has an advantage of less equipment damage and risk during takeoff and landing. We acquired observed images in Buljeong-myeon, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea by using fixed wing UAV in 2015 and 2016. The total investigated area reaches 6,045 ha, and among them the agricultural area was 1,377 ha. For the next step, we created an orthoimage from all images taken using Pix 4D mapper program. According to the results of image analyses in 2015, the paddy field covered total 577 ha (75.9%) with crop plant. The cultivation area of beans, ginseng, maize, tobacco and peach was 256 ha (36.6%), 63 ha (9.2%), 37 ha (5.4%), 31 ha (4.5%) and 27 ha (3.8), respectively. And in 2016, the total covered area was 586 ha (77.1%), and it was comprised of 253 ha (35.5%), 88 ha (12.3%), 29 ha (4.1%), 22 ha (3.1%) and 32 ha (4.5%) in the same order. In this study, we focused on identifying the paddy field which was converted to the cultivation of upland crops by using UAV. And, it has been indicated that the cultivation area of rice decreased from 141 ha in 2015 to 127 ha in 2016, although that of ginseng increased by 25 ha. As a result, it is expected that a lot of paddy field could be replaced by high-income crops such as ginseng and fruit tree (peach) instead of relative low-income rice. More specific and widespread research on the remote sensing in the paddy field needs to be done.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.186-190
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• 2003

Purpose: The balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is crucial for homeostatic maintenance in a cell population. Decreased apoptosis or uncontrolled proliferation can lead to cancer. The Fas receptor signal through a cytoplasmic death domain is very important in the apoptotic pathway. To identify the effect of the death domain of the Fas gene in the development and/or progression of gastric cancer, we examined the apoptotic potential of five known Fas mutants detected in gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: A wild-type Fas gene was cloned with cDNA from normal liver tissue and full length Fas was sequenced. Mutants of the gene were generated with sitedirected mutagenesis by using the wild-type gene and specific primers. Wild- and mutant-type genes were transfected to HEK293 cells. Forty-eight hours after transfection the cells were stained with DAPI and cell death was counted under fluorescent microscopy. Results: In wild-type Fas-transfected cells, the percentage of apoptotic cells was $85.9\pm3.6\%$, and significant cell death and classic morphologic signs of apoptosis were observed. However, the percentages of apoptotic cells transfected with N239D, E240G, D244V, and R263H of tumor-derived mutant Fas were $29.5\pm2.08\%,\;28.5\pm3.34\%,\;25.225\pm2.06\%,\;and\;36.625\pm4.49\%$, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that inactivation of Fas caused by mutations in the death domain of the Fas gene may be one of the possible escape mechanisms against Fas-mediated apoptosis and that inactivating mutation of the Fas may contribute to the development or progression of gastric cancers.