• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2010

In this paper, we develop the intelligent remote dust chamber bag control system which is combination of the advanced IT and traditional dust chamber based on event. At first, the message format is defined for the efficient dust chamber bag information transmission using power line communication. Also, we define the data types to logically model the dust chamber and the dust chamber bag, and they are logically modeled using XML and object-oriented modeling method. In addition to, we apply the case-based reasoning for showing the dust chamber bag exchange time intelligently to user at real-time using casebase, that is collected by case or case-based reasoning result, and that is described using XML.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to measure the oral temperature, skin temperature, and subjective discomfort according to the application time of ice bag on thigh, head, and abdomen. This study was also intended to suggest nursing principles about ice bag application by exploring the recovery time of skin temperature after the removal of ice bag. The design of this study was $8{\times}3$ factorial design with one sample repeated measure. Here, the application time of ice bag(criteria, 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min, 60min) and the application site of ice bag(thigh, head, abdomen) were independent variables. The subjects were 10 university woman students, and data collection was made from July, 1 to August 30, 1992. Rubber ice bag halfly filled with ice was covered with towel and applied on thigh, head and abdomen in other three days. Before applying the ice bag, oral temperature and skin temperature were checked for criteria. After ice bag was applied, skin temperature, oral temperature and VAS score were checked at first 5 minutes elapsed, and every 10 minutes until 60 minutes. After that, ice bag was removed, and oral temperature and skin temperature were also measured every ten minutes until 60 minutes. In this study, skin temperature and core temperature were measured by thermistor probe, and subjective discomfort was measured by 200mm VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Some of the findings were as follows : 1. There were significant differences in skin temperature among the three application sites of ice bag as time go by. It was most decreased to $15.87^{\circ}C$ in thigh, and $19.47^{\circ}C$ in abdomen at 50 minutes after the application of ice bag, whereas $26.1^{\circ}C$ at 40 minutes in head. Before the application of ice bag, skin temperature showed significant differences in three sites, so that they were compared after the criteria was covariated. In other words, there was significantly more decrease of skin temperature in thigh and abdomen than head, after ice bag was applied for 20 minutes and more. 2. There was no significant difference in core temperature among the three application sites of ice bag during the time of application 3. There was no significant difference in subjective discomfort (VAS) among the three application sites of ice bag. 4. After the removal of ice bag, the recovery of skin temperature was significantly different in three sites during first 30 minutes. In head, skin temperature came up to criteria at 30 minutes after the removal of ice bag, but it was not recovered In thigh and abdomen even 60 minutes elapsed. 5. After the removal of ice bag, there was no significant difference in oral temperature among the three application sites of ice bag. 6. There was significant correlation between the skin temperature and VAS score only in thigh. In conclusion, it is suggested that head in more suitable site for the application of ice bag if it is used for the relief of fever or pain. When we apply ice bag on thigh or abdomen for the relief of pain, careful attention is required.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 1995

Heat and cold often produce a similar clinical effect but different physiologic mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of local heat and cold therapy on joint pain, discomfort and, ROM of the arthritic knee joint. Thirty female subjects took Ice bag and hot bag with random assignment of initial therapy Subjects rated the degree of Joint pain and discomfort before and after each therapy, and then ROM was measured. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The hot bag group showed significantly lower joint pain & discomfort score than the ice bag group. ROM was increased in the hot bag group compared with subjects in the ice bag group. But there is not significant differences. 2. The ice bag group showed significantly lower joint pain score after than before therapy. But there are no significant differences in discomfort score & ROM between after & before therapy. 3. The hot bag group showed significantly lower joint pain, discomfort score after than before therapy. ROM was significantly increased after than before therapy in hot bag group. Therefore hot bag was significantly more effective than the ice bag in relieving the arthritic joint symptoms. A further study is necessary to determine the effect of local heat and cold therapy including the related variables such as preference for heat or cold.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4475-4482
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• 2014

Background: Cisplatin, a DNA damaging agent, induces apoptosis through increasing DNA fragmentation. However, identification of intrinsic resistance molecules against Cisplatin is vital to estimate the success of therapy. Bag-1 (Bcl-2-associated anthanogene) is one anti-apoptotic protein involved in drug resistance impacting on therapeutic efficiency. Elevated levels of this protein are related with increase cell proliferation rates, motility and also cancer development. For this reason, we aimed to understand the role of Bag-1 expression in Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cervix cancer cells. Cisplatin decreased cell viability in time- and dose-dependent manner in wt and Bag-1L+HeLa cells. Although, $10{\mu}M$ Cisplatin treatment induced cell death within 24h by activating caspases in wt cells, Bag-1L stable transfection protected cells against Cisplatin treatment. To assess the potential protective role of Bag-1, we first checked the expression profile of interacting anti-apoptotic partners of Bag-1. We found that forced Bag-1L expression prevented Cisplatin-induced apoptosis through acting on Mcl-1 expression, which was reduced after Cisplatin treatment in wt HeLa cells. This mechanism was also supported by the regulation of heat shock protein (Hsp) family members, Hsp90 and Hsp40, which were involved in the regulation Bag-1 interactome including several anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and c-Raf.

• Selected Papers of The Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.140-155
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• 1994

The hydrodynamic problem is treated here when a pressurized bag is submerged partially in the water and the end points of it oscillate. SES(Surface Effect Ship) has a bag filled with pressurized air at the stern in order to prevent the air leakage, and the pitch motion of SES is largely affected by the hydrodynamic force of the bag. The shape of a bag can be determined with the pressure difference between inside and outside. Once the hydrodynamic pressure is given, the shape of a bag can be obtained, however in order to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure we should know the shape change of the bag, and vice versa. Therefore the type of boundary condition on the surface of a bag is a moving boundary like a free surface boundary. The present paper describes the formulation of this problem and treats a linearized problem. The computations of the radiation problem for an oscillating bag are shown in comparison with the case that the bag is treated as a rigid body. The hydrodynamic forces are calculated for various values of the pressure inside the bag and the submerged depth.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 1991

Perineal discomfort from episiotomy continues to be a problem for many postpartum women. The purposes of this study were to compare the effect of ice bag and heat lamp for the relief of perineal discomfort and to identify the sustaining time of each effect. Forty women took ice bag and heat lamp with random assignment of initial therapy. Women rated the degree of perineal discomfort before and after each therapy and at half-hour, tow-hour and four-hour intervals after each therapy. A discomfort scale, 18cm graphic rating scale, was used. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The ice bag group showed significantly lower discomfort score than the heat lamp group at the half- hour and two - hour intervals after therapy. 2. The ice bag group showed significantly lower discomfort score for 4hrs after than before therapy, but the heat lamp group did not show significantly lower discomfort score. 3. Neither the type of episiotomy nor the previous experience of heat therapy influenced on the effect of ice bag relieving the perineal discomfort. Therefore ice bag was significantly mere effective in relieving perineal discomfort than heat lamp. Subjective responeses of patients who took both therapy were very favorable toward ice bag. I suggested that nurses should provide women with adequate information about the use of ice bag and encourage to apply ice bag instead of heat lamp after episiotomy in order to promote the relief of perineal discomfort and the healing of perineal wound.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the GRF (ground reaction force) parameters according to the change of positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant in upper & lower limbs. To perform this study, participants were selected 9 healthy women (age: $21.40{\pm}0.94yrs$, height: $166.50{\pm}2.68cm$, body mass: $57.00{\pm}3.61kg$, BMI: $20.53{\pm}1.03kg/m^2$), divided into 2 carrying bag positions (dominant arm/R, non-dominant arm/L) and walked with 3 type of bag weights (0, 3, 5 kg) respectively. One force-plate was used to collect GRF (AMTI OR6-7) data at a sample rate of 1000 Hz. The variables analyzed were consisted of the medial-lateral GRF (Fx), anterior-posterior GRF (Fy), vertical GRF (Fz), impact loading rate and center of pressure (COPx, COPy, COP area, COPy posterior peak time) during downward stairs. 1) The Fx, Fy, Fz, COPx, and COP area of GRF were not statistically significant between dominant leg and non-dominant leg, but non-dominant leg, that is, showed the higher COPy, and showed higher impact loading rate than that dominant leg during downward stairs. 2) In bag wearing to non-dominant arm, Fx, Fz, COPx, COPy, impact loading rate and COP area showed increase tendency according to increase of bag weights. Also, against bag wearing to dominant arm, non-dominant showed different mechanism according to increase of bag weights. The Ground Reaction Force parameters showed different characteristics according to the positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant arm.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cross bag weight and carrying bag position type on vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscle activity ratio during step up. Method : Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. subjects randomized performed step up with bag weight less than 15%, more than 15% of totalbody weight and without bag and carrying bag position ipsilateral and contralateral. muscle activity was measured with surface electromyography. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used with a significance level of 0.05 Result : The results of this study were as follows: 1. The muscle activity ratio decreased significantly ipsilateral bag position more than 15% of body weight(p<.05). Also, the muscle activity ratio increased significantly contra lateral bag position more than 15% of body weight(p<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, it was found that applied carrying bag position with weight on VMO,VL muscle activity ratio during step up down. Therefore carrying bag position can be used to selective activate vastus medialis oblique muscle in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2000

In an attempt to select grape bag, which elevates grape quality and make easy maturation period determination, the following research was carried out at Chungbuk Institute of Agricultural Technology, Grape Experiment Station. Light transmittance rate of bag reached to 11-65% with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bags. Non-dripped vinyl perforation and white painting bag resulted in 50 and 75%, respectively. Berry weights in non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bag were high than that in paper bag. Non-dripped vinyl perforation 50%, white painting bag brought into fruit cracking, shattering, and rotten fruit, making the investigation difficult. Maturation period preceded about 1-4 day with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl compared with that in paper bag. Soluble solids content with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bags was high and acidity showed a reverse result. Coloring extent was developed rapidly with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl than paper bag. During initial state of coloring, coloring was rapid with Maekban-Stone mixed non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl + non-woven fabric bag. This was rapid with non-woven fabric bag as long appropriate maturation period. Abnormal berry rate was 5.4-7.0% with paper and non-woven fabric bags but brought about as much as 16.6-100% with non-dripped vinyl and it's mixed bags. Appearance quality was the best with index 9.0 for non-woven fabric bag. Maekban-Stone mixed non-woven fabric but non-dripped vinyl performance 50% white painting bag was the least, showing index 1.0. The time consumed for maturation determination was reduced to 74-93% with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bag compared with 17.4h/10a with paper bag.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2017

Purpose: There is no recommended bag-squeezing technique for emergency medical providers to maintain correct tidal volume during mechanical ventilation. This study compared the tidal volume of two different bag-squeezing techniques during mechanical ventilation. Methods: The subjects were 38 paramedic students who were trained in airway management techniques. Two different bag-squeezing techniques were used with a bag valve mask on an intubated manikin: a conventional technique and a finger-marked, in which the bag is squeezed until the thumb and the middle finger come into contact. Hand size and grip strength were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: The mean tidal volumes for the finger-marked were significantly higher than those for the conventional technique ($542.6{\pm}35.92mL$ versus $338.0{\pm}111.15 mL$, p<.001). There was a correlation between the two techniques (Pearson $x^2=1.160$, p<.001). The subject's characteristics, including sex, hand size, and grip strength, showed no correlation with tidal volume. Conclusion: A finger-marked bag-squeezing technique provides adequate and correct tidal volumes during mechanical ventilation.