• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

The purposes of this study are to understand shapes, characteristics and source on the costume of musicians in Baekche gilt-bronze incense burner. Baekche accepted to incense burner as one of developed culture through exchange with China. Baekche gilt-bronze incense burner includes mixed Thought of Confucian, Buddhism and Taoism from China. The five musicians showed in Baekche gilt-bronze incense burner are symbols that include Confucian Ohang-thought and peaceful reign based on musical combination and arrangement. So, musicians in Baekche gilt-bronze incense burner to pray to God for Happiness showed as a kind of Genii. As a results of analyzing costume of musicians in Baekche gilt-bronze incense burner are as follows; Upper garments which open in the center front have wide sleeves and tie up in high waist position. Under garments are long and wide skirts. Those costume styles of musicians were to follow spreaded costumes in the Continent at that time. In conclusion, costume of musicians in Baekche gilt-bronze incense burner was showed to receive influence of costume style in China Whijinambukjo period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.8 s.108
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• pp.60-73
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• 2006

This study analyzes the Baekche official costume system, including the dress, cap and belt systems, by relating documentary records with the results of excavations. The study shows that the system differed depending on the time. A system of dress based on official ranks was instituted during the region of King Goi in the third century. The rap amd belt systems were begun in the first half of sixth century The official costume system, as recorded in the Chinese history $Sus{\u{o}}$, included many subdivisions of cap colors, which followed belt colors. According to $Gudangs{\u{o}}$, dress and cap systems changed in the seventh century. The official costume consisted of a $jacket(j{\u{o}}gori)$, trousers(baji), and coat(po). The coat had wide sleeves and reached below knees. Its collar had straight neckline. Officials of all rank wore silk caps and belts of matching colors. Officials above sixth rank used silver flower decorations on their caps. Officials wore wide-crouch trousers and generally adjusted the hems of the trousers, but this practice stopped in the sixth century. Officials wore shoes or boots depending on occasion. From a historical viewpoint, Baekche is important for having been the first Korean kingdom to establish a government organization. The salient feature of the system of organization established in A.D. 260(the twenty-seventh year of the region of King Goi) was the application of different colors to identify different ranks.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.5
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• pp.393-599
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• 2007

In order to restore the Hwangsanbeol Combat at present, it is necessary to make a close examination on the name of the military cops, the number of units, and the numerical strength, an unit organization, and a combat formation. Based on Samguksagi, Samgukyusa, other historical documents and military history information, I tried to restore the Hwansanbeol Combat as follow. The Shilla, at the 7 year of Mooyeol Dynasty, AD. 660, maintained 35 military units. The Shilla committed18 military units from among 35 units to battle against Baekje at the 7 Year of Mooyeol Danasty. The names ofmilitary units are as follow: 1) Daedang, 2) Sangjoojeong, 3) Hajoojeong, 4) Seodang, 5) Nangdang, 6) Eumlihwajeong, 7) Samryanghwajeong, 8) Sosarnjeong, 9) Namcheonjeong, 10) Leehwahaejeong, 11) Kaegeumdang, 12) Geupdang, 13) Nodang, 14) Woonjaednag, 15) Chungdang, 16) Suktoodang, 17) Gwidang, and 18) Soogun. The numerical strength, which the Shilla maintained at the year of A.D. 660, was total 106,353 persons from 35 military units. Shilla committed 57,433 military personnel to combats against the Great Baekche. Ground Forces from the 57,433 personnel were 58,343 persons, and the naval forces were 9,100 persons. Finally, 2,602 persons from among the 9,100 naval forces were only combating forces, and non-combat forces were 6498 persons.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.671-682
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze styles of costume and understand meanings related to costume embodied in the images of Buddha in Baekche period. Visual and textual analysis of the paintings include the images of Buddha in Baekche period was used for the research. The results of this study were summarized as fellows; Budah's hair style is identified as simple, Gae. Buddha wears Sanghati(outer wear) made of Tongeun and Peundanwoogeun, and many cases Sanghati made of Tongeun are usually seen. Three kinds of upper garment were identified; Samkaksika, right and left crossed upper garment, and Peunsam. Samkaksika was frequently seen in the paintings. Lower garment was a Nirasana reach to the ankle, was worn with a belt. Two skirts were also seen occasionally. The symbolic meaning of costume of Buddha was related to its religious meaning and identified as majesty and saintliest, which is harmonized with her simple costume styles. The wrapped style of costume, which did not show the contour of the buddha's body adds mystery. Also, the styles of costume created by different wrapping methods signify originality.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.145-152
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• 1997

A coupling of two-dimensional model and GIS technique is applied to simulate sediment transport analysis. Accurate transformations are performed for the data which have various reduced scales. Basic maps are discretized the mesh of true scale for the finite element model by using the digital map and the Traverse Mercator coordinate. Under $200m^3/s$ flow rate condition, velocity vectors, depth contours, velocity contours and deposition contours are Presented for the 5km reach of midstream of Keum River from confluence of Ji-chun to Baekche Bridge. The simulation results of the study agree well with those of one-dimensional varied flow analysis and observed data. The flow and deposition pattern revealed a meandering characteristics of the river qualitatively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 1999

Dog meat was begun to be edible by the Chinese, Japanese, the French, Belginan, German Philippines Vietnamese, North-Americans African-Indians Canadian-aborigines Alaskan aborigines including Kor-eans. According to the record, Korea has a long history to have eaten dog meat from the era of Sam-kug(three kingdoms BC 57∼AC 668) and so there are numerous languages proverbs, and customs re-lated to the dog meat. Over the long history there have been many records and recipes about the edib-leness of dog meat. But at present time only the way of cooking such as Bosintang(a soup) Suyuk(a boiled meat) Duruchighi(boiled meat added spice and slightly roasted) Muchim(boiled meat added by spice and mixed) Gaesoju(an extract) Jeongol(boiled meat mixed with spices vegetables and water on the pot) remains. Koreans eat dog meat following the traditional customs n the Boknal(hottest day in summer). Also the areas of Buyo. Sochon, Boryong adn Chongyang of Chungnam province and the ad-jacent areas like Kongju, Iksan, and Nonsan have customs to kill the dog and offer dog meat to the gue-sts in time of small or big occasions such as funeral ceremony Hoigap(anniversary of one's 60th birth-day) and one's birthday. This range of customs is expanding larger and larger. These areas are the cen-ter of past Baekche(BC 57∼AC 660). In spite of this it is unreasonable, and excessive action for foreig-ner to fine fault with the dog meat or Korean food culture.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2012

65 samples of glass bead excavated from Mahan tombs of Asan Bakjimeure site consists of 13 of potash glass group and 52 of soda glass group and soda glass is superior in numbers. When classified according to color, purple blue glass bead is accompanied potash and soda glass group whereas purple glass bead is potash glass group and red, greenish blue, green and gold foil glass bead is soda glass group. Purple blue glass bead is classified as LCA type in which the content of the stabilizer is low. Of this, the soda glass categorized as LMK type with low content of MgO and $K_2O$ is determined that natron is used as the raw material. As to red glass, the homogeneous glass is LCA-B/HMK type and the heterogeneous glass is HCLA/LMK type. Thus, each of these two types are likely to be used plant ash and natron respectively. Greenish blue and green glass depends of the type that round glass is LCA-A/LMHK type and the segmented glass is LCA-B/HMK type. The gold foil glass bead is manufactured by the purity of 19.9~22.6K gold foil and the soda glass of HCLA/LMK type. In other words, the most of the glass bead of Asan Bakjimeure site is similar to the composition of the glass confirmed in other sites of the Baekche period. On the other hand, the greenish blue and green segmented bead and some red round bead is a different chemical composition is considered that the difference in raw materials. These characteristics is expected to be an important evidence for the understanding of the trade system of the ancient glass.