• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.350-358
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• 2015

이 연구는 패류가 다량으로 양식되고 있는 남해안 일부해역 해수의 세균학적 위생안전성을 평가하기 위하여 조사해역 내에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 판단되는 해수 14곳을 선정하여 2014년 3월부터 10월까지 총 6차례 조사를 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 해수는 수온이 평균 $21.2^{\circ}C$, 염분농도는 32.43‰, pH는 7.92, 용존산소는 7.83 mg/L으로 조사되어 우리나라 수질환경기준으로 볼 때 1등급으로 조사되었다. 전도도는 44,600 us/cm, 탁도는 1.93 NTU로 조사되었다. 남해안 일부 조사해역 해수의 위생학적 안전성을 조사한 결과 대장균군은 평균 < 1.8~790 MPN/100 mL, 90번째 값이 168.1 MPN/100 mL, 기하학적 평균이 12.8 MPN/100 mL으로 나타났고, 분변계대장균은 < 1.8~790 MPN/100 mL, 90번째 값이 50.5 MPN/100 mL, 기하학적 평균값이 6.5 MPN/100 mL로 조사되어 정착성 수산물 생산해역 위생관리기준 중 청정해역의 기하학적 평균 기준치인 14 MPN/100 mL를 넘지 않아 청정해역으로 나타났다. 그러나 5월과 7월에 43 MPN/100 mL를 초과하는 시료가 35.7%와 28.6%로 KSSP 기준치인 10%를 초과하여 계절에 따라서 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 조사해역은 폐쇄성 내 만으로 적은 오염원에도 크게 영향을 받을 수 있으므로 계절에 따라서 철저한 해역의 관리가 요구되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 1988

L. bulgaricus FRI025와 S. thermophilus CH1을 Starter로 단독및 혼합 배양하여 요구르트 제조중 이화학적 미생물학적 변화를 비교 검토한결과 단독으로 배양하였을때 보다 혼합 배양하였을때 산생성, 유산균의 성장 등이 증진되었으며 L. bulgaricus FRI025와 S. thermophilus CH1을각각 1:1, 1:2로 혼합 배양하여 요구르트를 제조한 결과 1:1로 혼합 배양한 경우가 더 효과적 이었으며 적정 배양시간은 mild yogurt의 경우 8시간 acid yogurt의 경우 $9{\sim}10$시간으로 추정되었고 배양 9시간째 pH 4.08 산도 1.14% lactose이용율 24.74, 유산균수 $2.5{\times}10^{10}/ml$ 그리고 점도는 2100CP이었다. $4^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 저장후 요구르트의 품질 변화는 pH와 생균수는 감소하였고 산도와 점도는 증가하였다. 고형분 함량 14%인 환원 탈지유에 L. bulgaricus FRI025와 S. thermophilus CH1을 1:1로 혼합한 starter와 시판 호상 요구르트에 사용되는 starter를 사용하여 산도, 유산균 성장, 기호성에 관해 비교한 결과 분리 균주인 bulgaricus FRI025와 S. thermophilus CH1을 사용한 경우가 시판 호상요구르트 starter를 사용한 경우보다 산생성이나 유산균 성장이 양호 하였으며 기호성이 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2009

In Hansan Geojeman area, 2,050 ha of shellfish growing area has been designated as shellfish production area for export. The main shellfish species from the designated area is oysters. For the sanitary management of the designated area established in Hansan Geojeman area, bacteriological examination of sea water and shellfish at the sampling stations inside and outside of the designated area were performed from January 2006 to December 2008. The range of fecal coliform of 756 sea water samples at 21 stations located in the designated area were <1.8~>1,600 MPN/100mL. And the range of geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile of fecal coliform were 1.8~2.9 and 2.7~15.8 MPN/100mL, respectively. Sanitary conditions of the current designated area in Hansan Geojeman meets the required standards of the Fisheries Product Quality Control and National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP, USA) criteria for the approved area. Also, the sanitary status of the shellfish harvested from the designated area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) fecal coliform criterion (<230 MPN/100g). And the human pathogen such as Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were not detected from the examined shellfish samples.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.535-541
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• 2018

This study evaluated the sanitary state of seawater and shellfish in Yongnam-Gwangdo area from January 2014 to December 2016. The sampling stations for sanitary survey in Yongnam-Gwangdo area were composed of 41 seawater stations and 5 oyster Crassostrea gigas stations. The samples were collected monthly at each station. Shellfish-borne disease is associated with bacteria and viruses in the presence of fecal coliforms. Bacteriological pollution levels of shellfish increase with seawater quality. Therefore, fecal coliforms are very important criteria for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. The geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile ranges of total and fecal coliforms for seawater were 1.8-11.7, 2.8-233.6, <1.8-6.7 and 1.8-100.2 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The range of E. coli levels for oysters was <20-1,300 MPN/100 g. Based on various standards, the sanitary condition in Yongnam-Gwangdo area was evaluated as follows: clean area (Korean criteria), conditionally approved area (US criteria) and class B (EU criteria).

• 산업기술연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.87-94
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• 1983

Heating characteristics of red pepper paste packed in report pouches of various thicknesses and their storage stability were investigated to determine the adequate processing conditions that good bacteriological safty and minimal quality changes could be obtained, when sterilized by using a steam-air system retort. A heat penetration into pouch-packed red pepper paste was carried out through by a conductive heat transfer, indicating a simple logarithmic heating curve, and the smaller thickness revealed the higher heat penetration rate, suggesting the possibility of high temperature-short time sterilization of red pepper paste. The processing conditions with Fo-value of 4.5 or higher were sufficient for keeping up bacterial safty, but based on C-value, better quality retention was obtained at pouch thickness of 15mm under the processing temperature of $120^{\circ}C$. Subsequent storage study revealed that the red pepper paste packed in 15mm and processed at $120^{\circ}C$ with Fo=4.5 could be held without any spoilage and overall acceptance change, when stored for 6 months at room temperature under the relative humidity of 70%. After 3 months storage in $38^{\circ}C$ under saturation humidity, overall acceptance of red pepper paste were judged not to be maintainable on the acceptable level, but it may be suggested that above the results could be kept up a desirable quality without any remarkable deterioration.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.819-827
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• 2013

Water quality has been considered to be one of sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOP) for hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) application in aquaculture farms. This study was conducted to evaluate a hazard caused by water used in aquaculture farm of rainbow trout. The water quality was analyzed to investigate both physiochemical and bacteriological level in water samples collected from aquaculture farm of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No significant difference were observed on water temperature and pH from season to season. However, the levels of dissolved oxygen were decreased as the outside temperature was increased, even if the levels were adequate for aquaculture. Also, other physiochemical analysis including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solid (SS) revealed that the waters for aquaculture analyzed in this study was suitable for rainbow trout aquaculture. The bacterial analyses were also revealed that the waters for aquaculture were met to both coliform group (<18 MPN/100mL) and viable cell count (<100 CFU/mL). However, some of waste waters from aquaculture farms showed higher levels of BOD and COD than those of waste water standard (<2 ppm), suggesting that regular cleaning of fish tank and precipitation tank is needed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.34-39
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• 1993

One hundred and eighty-seven water samples were collected from 23 of spring water, 2 of ground water, 1 of tap water in Pusan area and 3 of natural mineral waters. Total coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and microflora were investigated to evaluate water quality of drinking water. The results were as follows: range and geometric mean value of total coliform and fecal coliform MPN's of spring water were 0~1,500/100 ml, 85/100 ml and 0~460/100 ml, 24/100 ml but coliform group was not detected in the samples of tap water and natural mineral water. Viable cell count of spring water, ground water and tap water were lower as 100 cell than the criteria for drinking water but that of natural mineral water was higher as 6.5X 10$^2$~7.4X 10$^3$ /ml. Predominant speces among the 219 strains isolated from the samples were 19.6% Aeromonas spp., 19.2% Enterobacteriaceae, 16% Acinetobacter spp. Especially, spring water and vessels were contaminated by Hafnia spp. and Providencia Spp, inhabitant of the oral cavity.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.238-245
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• 1986

To evaluate effects of livestock wastewater on stream pollution, the survey on the environmental sanitation, hydrology, water quality, Pollutant loads and bacterial indicators in a stream receiving livestock wastewater discharged from Chun Sung livestock

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2011

We studied on the effect of faucet cleanliness, faucet conditions (screen, mixing faucet), and flushing time for bacterial detection in tap water. As results, tap water should be left to run to waste for 2 to 3 minutes and if a questionable cleanliness is questionable, disinfect the faucet by using flaming or other methods before sampling. We proposed sampling method to decrease effect of factors associated with bacterial detection in tap water and contributed to be evaluated more accurate water quality.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2018

In this manuscript, $35m^3/d$ NF unit was designed and applied for surface water treatment of the River Nile water. Intake of Embaba drinking water treatment plant was selected to install that unit at since; it has the lowest water quality index value through the examined 6 sites in greater Cairo area. The optimized operating conditions were feed and permeate flow, 40 and $7m^3/d$, feed pressure 2.68 bar and flux rate $37.7l/m^2h$. The permeate water was drinkable according to Egyptian Ministerial decree 458/2007 for the tested parameters (physic-chemical, heavy metals, organic, algal, bacteriological and parasitological). Single and double sand filters were used as pretreatment for NF membranes but continuous clogging for sand filters moved us to use UF membrane as pretreatment for NF membrane.