• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.249-251
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• 2013

Pneumocephalus is a condition characterized by the presence of air in the cranium, and it is mainly caused by trauma or a neurosurgical procedure. In the absence of head trauma or a neurosurgical procedure, meningitis is an extremely rare cause of pneumocephalus. Here, the authors present a rare case of spontaneous pneumocephalus caused by pneumococcal meningitis, in which simple lateral radiography and computed tomography (CT) findings of the skull suggested the diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed bacterial meningitis which later revealed streptococcus pneumonia. The patient was treated with antibiotics and responded remarkably well. Repeat CT performed after 2 weeks of treatment showed complete resolution of the intracranial gas. Here, the authors report an unusual case of a pneumocephalus caused by meningitis in the absence of head trauma or a neurosurgical procedure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.12-12
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• 1997

CFC-222 is a novel fluoroqinolone antibacterial agent synthesized and under development by the Cheil Jedang Corporation, Korea. CFC-222 exerts the antibacterial activity by inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase leading to bactericidal action. In in vitro and in vivo preclinical testing, CFC-222 has been shown to possess a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. In particular CFC-222 is very potent against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptocuccus spp. (in particular penicillin G-resistant and -susceptible S. pneumoniae) and Enterococcus spp. when compared to other quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin or lomefloxacin). CFC-222 also showed potent activity against the methicillin resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus (MRSA). Against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas and Sarcina) the activity of CFC-222 was slightly weaker than that of ciprofloxacin, but was more potent than that of ofloxacin or lomefloxacin. In urinary systemic infections caused by both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, CFC-222 demonstrated a potent therapeutic efficacy in particular against Cram-positive bacteria S. aureus, S. pyrogen 203 and S. pneumonia TypeIII.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2020

Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a gram-negative bacterium that can oxidize xylose. It is commonly found in contaminated soil and water but does not normally infect immunocompetent humans. We report a case of a cavitary lung lesion associated with community-acquired A. xylosoxidans infection, which mimicked pulmonary tuberculosis or lung cancer in an immunocompetent man. The patient was hospitalized due to hemoptysis, and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a cavitary lesion in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. We performed bronchoscopy and bronchial washing, and subsequent bacterial cultures excluded pulmonary tuberculosis and identified A. xylosoxidans. We performed antibiotic sensitivity testing and treated the patient with a 6-week course of amoxicillin/clavulanate. After 2 months, follow-up chest CT revealed complete resolution of the cavitary lesion.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 1999

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most frequent causative agent of acute bacterial pneumonia. Outstanding characteristic of pneumococcus is an ample polysaccharide capsule that is highly anti-genic agent and is the major factor for classification of pneumococcus into more than 94 serotypes. In this study, production of capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 23 was optimized by supplementation of metal ions or by modulation of culture conditions. When brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was supplemented with 1 mM concentration of $CaCl_2$, $CuSO_4$ and $MgSO_4$, growth of pneumococcus as well as polysaccharide yield were stimulated. Also slight aeration gave rise to better polysaccharide yield.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.459-464
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify and characterize the antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin produced by Serratia sp. $PDGS^{120915}$ isolated from stream water in Busan, Korea; the identification was performed using phonological, biochemical, and molecular techniques, including 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Prodigiosin from the bacterial culture was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were evaluated against 10 intestinal pathogenic gram-positive and negative bacteria. The results revealed that the isolated prodigiosin exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus; further, the isolated prodigiosin showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between $3{\mu}g/ml$ and 30 mg/ml, but they were not active against Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, prodigiosin isolated from Serratia sp. $PDGS^{120915}$ showed high antimicrobial activity against intestinal pathogenic bacteria and has potential applications in the development of new antimicrobial agents.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.467-477
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• 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known pathogen that can cause diseases in humans. It can cause both mild superficial skin infections and serious deep tissue infections, including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and infective endocarditis. To establish host infection, S. aureus manages a complex regulatory network to control virulence factor production in both temporal and host locations. Among these virulence factors, staphyloxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, has been shown to play a leading role in S. aureus pathogenesis. In addition, staphyloxanthin provides integrity to the bacterial cell membrane and limits host oxidative defense mechanisms. The overwhelming rise of Staphylococcus resistance to routinely used antibiotics has necessitated the development of novel anti-virulence agents to overcome this resistance. This review presents an overview of the chief virulence determinants in S. aureus. More attention will be paid to staphyloxanthin, which could be a possible target for anti-virulence agents.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.381-385
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• 2004

Pulmonary gangrene is a rare and severe complication of bacterial pneumonia, where a pulmonary segment or lobe is sloughed due to parenchymal devitalization of the parenchyma, with secondary anaerobic infection and necrosis caused by pulmonary vascular thrombosis. Prior to the antibiotic era, massive pulmonary gangrene was potentially fatal. Herein, a case of pulmonary gangrene in a 67-year-old man is reported. He complained of fever, chills, dyspnea and purulent sputum of 5 days duration. The plain chest radiograph showed well-marginated right upper lobe consolidation, with bulging minor fissure, suggestive of a Klebsiella infection. A contrast CT scan demonstrated consolidation of the right upper lobe, with a central necrotizing portion. Klebsiella species was confirmed from both sputum and blood cultures. After appropriate antibiotics, the chest X-ray and CT scan 3 weeks later showed a large cavity with an air-fluid level, sloughing-off and extrusion of necrotic lung tissue, suggestive of pulmonary gangrene. Seven months later, the right gangrenous lung showed severe volume loss on a chest radiograph. The management of pulmonary gangrene has been somewhat controversial. Herein, it was managed without surgical drainage or resection. If the antibiotic therapy had failed, then a surgical approach would have been considered.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

It is to establish preliminary data about healthcare convergencr of infection control by performing a bacterial contamination test for CT scanner as well as general radiographic systems in the emergency rooms of general hospitals. The period was December 1 ~ December 31, 2015. It is detect in the emergency rooms of 7 medical facilities including 2 in Seoul, and 1 in Gyeonggi-do Province, and 2 in Jeonla-do Province, and 2 in Chungcheong-do Province. The surface contamination strains detected from CT scanner in the radiology department emergency rooms were Micrococcus species(4,5%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(9%), Enterococcus faecium(4.5%), Providencia stuartii(4.5), and Gram negative bacilli(4.5%). Also, the surface contamination strains detected from general radiographic system in the radiology department emergency rooms were Providencia stuartii(11%), Klebsiella pneumonia(3.5%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(11%), Pantoea species(11%), Acinetobacter baumannii(3.5%), Micrococcus species(3.5%), Escherichia coli(3.5%), Enterobacter species(3.5%), and Gram negative bacilli(11%). Considering that the regions of most detection were all the places closely related to patients, radiologists would have to thoroughly clean with alcohol before and after a test.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 1996

Purpose : Adenoviruses(Ad) have been shown to play an important role in the etiology of severely acute respiratory diseases, particulary in infants and young children, and the occurrence of fatal outcome and chronic pulmonary sequelae in association with adenoviral infection has been a cause of great interest and concern. This report presents the resul of a retrospective analysis on 30 cases of lower respiratory infection from which adenovirus was isolated. Patients & Methods : The 30 patients in this study represent all detected cases of adenovial infection out of 240 children who were admitted to Sang Sung Medical Center between February to June 1996 showing signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection. The diagnosis of adenovirus infection was based on microscopic visualization of typical cytopathic effect in HEp-2 tissue culture and used monoclonal Ab with nasopharyngeal aspiration. Results : The male/female ratio was 2:1 and the majority of age range was below 36months. Clinical diagnoses in all 30 patients were pneumonia(n=21), bronchitis and Bronchiolitis(n=5) and ARDS(n=4). We recieved the most of patients in the month of May. The chief complaints were fever(93.3%) and cough(80%) and extrapulmonary symptoms were diarrhea(n=5), seizure(n=4), abdominal pain(n=1). The mean duration of fever was $11.95{\pm}6.54$days. Physical examination on admission were crackles(73.3%), coarse breathing sounds(60%), hepatosplenomegaly(33.3%), decreased brething sounds(30%). In WBC counts, 8cases were below $4000/mm^3$ and 14 cases were above $10,000/mm^3$. In platelets counts, 4cases were below $150,000/mm^3$ and 10 cases were above $450,000/mm^3$. 21 cases were above 1 in CRP. GOT and GPT were abnormal in some cases. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse pulmonary infiltration(n=15), pleural effusion(n=6), consolidation(n=4) and hyperaeration(n=3). Seven patients were treated at the peditric intensive care unit with respiratory support and high dose of gammaglobulin. However, one patients died even through he was treated with NO ventilation and high frequency ventilation. Conclusion : Those with adenoviral pneumonia and respiratory infection having long fever duration and symptoms like bacterial pneumonia must be carefully differentiated in order to provide proper treatement and preventive measures due to possible fatal outcome.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.843-852
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• 1998

From Jan. 1996 to Oct. 1997, 29 pigs with 40-70 days old showing dyspnea inappetite and polyserositis were collected and carried out necropsy, bacterial culture, histopathology, avidin biotin complex(ABC) stain, fluorescent antibody(FA) test, and electron microscopy. In the study, 4 strains from 3 pigs were isolated from meninges, pleura and synovial fluid and also were identified as Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5. Main histopathological lesions of 29 pigs with polyserositis were frequently composed of fibrinous peritonitis(27), pleurisy(22), interstitial pneumonia(21), fibrinous epicarditis(20), fibrinopurulent meningitis(8) and synovitis(4). By ABC stain, 11/29(37.9%) pigs with polyserositis were confirmed to have H parasuis serovar 5 in the cytoplasm of macrophages and neutrophils in cerebral meninges, epicardium, pleura surface of lung or serosa of spleen. ABC stain(20.8~40.0%) to detect H parasuis serovar 5 in tissues was more sensitive than bacterial culture(10.3%), but less sensitive than FA test(62.5%) using frozen tissues even though the result of 8 cases. By electron microscopy, a bacterium was also detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages in purulent exudate of cerebral meninges. Consequently, we confirmed that H parasuis serovar 5 has been involving to cause pigs with polyserositis and can be detected by FA and ABC stain as reliable diagnostic tools.