• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.189-208
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• 2009

Most if not all research articles published in journals require the author to write an abstract regardless of academic field. However, abstract writing in English is a highly specialized genre on its own. In this light, the purpose of this study is to investigate differences in journal article abstracts written in English by Korean and native English scholars. 90 research paper abstracts written in English by Korean national scholars, US-educated Korean scholars and native English scholars were compared according to rhetorical organization. A generalized rhetorical scheme was used in analysis which was based on Graetz (1985) and Swales (1990): Background-Purpose-Method-Result-Conclusion. In addition, the use of conjunctions as a cohesive device was analyzed based on the categories proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976). Analyses of the research paper abstracts showed that the majority of the abstracts included the purpose, method and result components. However, while approximately 70 percent of native English writers used research background in the abstract, only 26 percent of Korean national scholars did so. Regarding the use of conjunctions, Korean-national scholars overused and inappropriately used additive and temporal conjunctions. The US-educated Korean scholars showed similar patterns to the native English speakers. The findings obtained here imply that there is a need to provide academic writing instruction of abstracts to non-native scholars.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1154-1158
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• 2004

The classical ABC (avidin-biotin peroxidase complex) method for immunohistochemistry in the paraffin-embedded tissues bring into being disadvantage such as low sensitivity of antigen detection and highly background. The biotinyl-tyramide conjugation recently introduced for sensitive immunohistochemistry was applied to light microscopy in paraffin-embedded pancreatic and liver tissues. The protocol consists of an indirect method in which 4-5㎛ tissue sections are reacted successively within a specific primary antibody, followed by a biotinylated secondary antibody, streptavidin-horseradich peroxidase (HRP), and then finally with biotinyl-tyramide. The labeling obtained for insulin and collagen antigen tested in pancreatic and liver tissues, respectively, was found to be highly specific with the labeling for each antigen confined to its particular cellular compartment. In this study, fish (flounder) serum was specially applied to remove nonspecific binding. Background levels and nospecific deposition of the staining were negligible. This results suggest that super-signal induction method by biotinyl-tyramide conjugate can readily applied to antigen detection of the paraffin-embedded tissues.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 1996

In this paper, we present a vision algorithm to extract the tire information markings on the sidewall of tires. Since the appearance of tire marks is the same as its background, a primary feature to distinguish tire marks from their background is the roughness. Generally, the roughness of tire marks is different from that of its bakground: the surface of tire marks is smoother than the backgrounds. Light incident on the tire surface is reflected differently according to the roughness. For smoother surfaces, the surface irradiance is much stronger than that of rough surfaces. Based on these phenomena and observation, we propose an optimal illumination condition based on Torrance-Sparrow reflection model. We also develop an efficient reflectance-ratio based operator to extract the boundary of tire marks. Even with a very simple masking operation, we were able to obtain remarkable boundary extraction results from real experiments using many tires. By explicitly using the surface reflection model to explain the intensity variation on the black tire surface, we demonstrate that a physics-based vision method is powerful and feasible in extracting surface markings on tires.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.640-647
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• 2001

In this paper, a noise-tolerant generalized symmetry transform(NTGST) is proposed as an effective attention operator for the spot detection in BLU inspection, in which various spots with variable sizes, shapes, gray levels, and low contrast, should be detected from the complex, noisy background with lattice shaped shading. The proposed NTGST takes into account the polarity of convergence and divergence of the radial orientation of the intensity gradient as well as it's magnitude and symmetry, and thereby can detect only the BLU spots from the noisy and lattice shaped shadows of background. Experiments are conducted on the BLU inspection image obtained by CCD camera, and the proposed NTGST is Proved to be effectively used in BLU inspection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.187-205
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to research into a meaning of Mexican Mural and to clarify on the internal significance of Muralism in the modern fashion. Nuralism is an example of the brith of the great people's art. The mural Fine art in mexico was the peculiar fine art campaign which observed the social function. And the mural of Mexican that the ideology and fine art combined came to occupy the unprecedented important position as a part of popular education which is the product of Mexico revolution. Thus in this study considered that the background of Mexican Mural in 1930's resembled the social and cultural background of the latter half of 20th century. The internal significance of Muralism expressed in the modern fashion was categorized as attaching importance to human the pursuit of the utopia the tendency to nationalism Satriric and moral painting. First Attaching importance to human in the modern fashion expressed the recovery of humanity by meaning in opposition to moral crisis of the human in the pluralistic society. Second The pursuit of the utopia in terms of interest the ideal way in the modern fashion expressed mysterious or hopeful through using religious colors motivies etc. Third The tendency to nationalism in the modern fashion expressed the painting of the masses in forms of mixing aboriginal culture elements and memorial elements. Fourth Satiric and moral painting in the modern fashion expressed wits or humorous style through using geometrical motives and light colors etc, indirectly expressed distress of modern men.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.100-108
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• 2012

Modern architecture tends to split the everyday life and the space of human. Position of architecture should be on the relationship between nature and human need. It will be study on the everyday life of architecture from architecture and everyday life of human relationships. Based on this study, it makes clear the visual aspects of architectural experience to acquire spatial tones for analyzing architectural Everyday-ness. In this case, Portugal's modern architectural space was impressing, because of the construction of local color and architectural vocabulary of the Everyday-ness. Therefore, the Everyday-ness of Architecture by relationship analysis reveals the space of these spatial tones. Spatial characteristics of the Everyday-ness of architecture be analyzed of simplicity, purity, locality, reminiscent, continuity, and transition, etc. Expression elements of spatial tones can be derived into five classes such as light, color, material, pattern (texture), and depth. In conclusion, spatial characteristics of the Everyday-ness and expression elements of spatial tones consist of configuration matrixes to analyze the spatial tones of the contemporary architecture in Portugal. As a result of this study, the expression characteristics of spatial tones of contemporary architecture in Portugal are background-ness, one-ness, and inherence. I hope this study will be applied to the basic data of the architectural Everyday-ness.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.283-299
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• 2014

Skin detection is used in many applications, such as face recognition, hand tracking, and human-computer interaction. There are many skin color detection algorithms that are used to extract human skin color regions that are based on the thresholding technique since it is simple and fast for computation. The efficiency of each color space depends on its robustness to the change in lighting and the ability to distinguish skin color pixels in images that have a complex background. For more accurate skin detection, we are proposing a new threshold based on RGB and YUV color spaces. The proposed approach starts by converting the RGB color space to the YUV color model. Then it separates the Y channel, which represents the intensity of the color model from the U and V channels to eliminate the effects of luminance. After that the threshold values are selected based on the testing of the boundary of skin colors with the help of the color histogram. Finally, the threshold was applied to the input image to extract skin parts. The detected skin regions were quantitatively compared to the actual skin parts in the input images to measure the accuracy and to compare the results of our threshold to the results of other's thresholds to prove the efficiency of our approach. The results of the experiment show that the proposed threshold is more robust in terms of dealing with the complex background and light conditions than others.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.504-516
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• 2017

The Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR) is the first research reactor in Jordan, the commissioning of which is ongoing. The reactor is a 5-MWth, open-pool type, light-water-moderated, and cooled reactor with a heavy water reflector system. The neutron measurement system (NMS) applied to the JRTR employs a wide-range fission chamber that can cover from source range to power range. A high-sensitivity boron trifluoride counter was added to obtain more accurate measurements of the neutron signals and to calibrate the log power signals; the NMS has a major role in the entire commissioning stage. However, few case studies exist concerning the application of the NMS to a research reactor. This study introduces the features of the NMS and the boron trifluoride counter in the JRTR and shares valuable experiences from lessons learned from the system installation to its early commissioning. In particular, the background noise relative to the signal-to-noise ratio and the NMS signal interlock are elaborated. The results of the count rates with the neutron source and the effects of the discriminator threshold are summarized.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.49-71
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• 2004

Daesoon-thought is considered as the one that offers the new interpretation of the people who live in the modern society and advocates the new worldview based on the history of Korean thought. Basically, Dong-Hak, which was a root of Korean religions, was strongly against formalistic Confucianism that governed the whole society of Chosun dynasty, and showed its characteristics towards anti-neo confucianism. However, the people, who severely suffered from the gap between the ideal and real world with deploring their languishment, longed for the emergence of a new leader, since the sprit of Dong-Hak, which was pervaded up to Gab-o-keong-zang, was collapsed before the sword of Japanese forces. Jeungsan was well aware of people's thoughts, and provided with them hopes of life in a very active manner. So, his thought showed plebeianism and democratic nature in a certain sense with racialism that tried to recover the collapsed pride of Chosun. Particularly, Cheon-ji-gong-sa, one of his religious thoughts, is clearly distinguished from those advocated by other religious thinkers, and shows the positive will that overcomes the difficulties of the world in the religious way. This paper aims at shedding the light on how Daesoon-thought appeared with the background of late Chosun. For this, the trend appearing in religions and thoughts at the time of late Chosun when Daesoon-thought started, will be examined carefully. Also, based on such a background it will be further investigated how Daesoon-thought has been developed and systemized.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.363-365
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• 2012

We report a search for fluctuations of the sky brightness toward the North Ecliptic Pole with AKARI, at 2.4, 3.2, and $4.1{\mu}m$. The stacked images with a diameter of 10 arcminutes of the AKARI-Monitor Field show a spatial structure on the scale of a few hundred arcseconds. A power spectrum analysis shows that there is a significant excess fluctuation at angular scales larger than 100 arcseconds that cannot be explained by zodiacal light, diffuse Galactic light, shot noise of faint galaxies, or clustering of low-redshift galaxies. These findings indicate that the detected fluctuation could be attributed to the first stars of the universe, i.e., Population III stars.