• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : It has been shown that the epilaryngeal tube in the human airway is responsible for vocal ring, or the singer's formant. In previous study, authors showed that in trained tenors, besides the conventional singer's formant in the region of ,5500Hz, another energy peak was observed in the region of 8,000Hz. This peak was interpreted as the second resonance of the epilarynx tube. Singers in other voice categories who produce vocal ring are assumed to have the same peak, but no measurements have as yet been made. Materials and Methods : Fifteen tenors, fourteen baritones, seven sopranos and five mezzo sopranos attending the music college, department of vocal music who could reliably produce the head and chest registers were chosen for this study. Each subject was asked to produce an/ah/sound for at least three seconds for the head register sound(tenors ; G4, barions ; E4 sopranos ; F5 and mezzosopranos ; C5) and for the chest register sound (tenors ; C3, baritones ; D3, sopranos ; D4 and Mezzosoprano ; A3). The sound data was analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based power spectrum, Long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the FFT algorithm of the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL, Kay elemetrics, Model 4300B, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test of the Statistical Package for Social sciences(SPSS). Results : For head register sounds, a significant increase was seen in the 2,200-3,400Hz region(p<0.05) and the Similar to the head register sounds, there was a significant increase in energy in the four trained singer group compared with the untrained group in the 2,200-3,100Hz region(p<0.05), the 7,800-8,400Hz region(p<0.05) for the chest register sounds. Conclusions : When good vocal production was made for the head and chest registers, an energy peak was observed near 2,500Hz, a frequency already known as the "singer's formant', in all subjects in the study group. Another region of increased energy was observed around 8,000Hz that had not been noticed previously. The authors believe this region to be the second singer's formant.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.97-118
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• 2004

As the economy grows rapidly and the national income level increases, the service industry has become more important and its size gets larger. Especially, the food industry undertakes a continuing growth of consumer expenditures through no nationalization of food, consumers varying patterns of eating out, and individualization. However, it includes many problems with improving service quality towards customers owing to the absence of systems and philosophy to realize customer satisfaction management Therefore, this study conducted a study with Korean traditional restaurant customers to measure their perceived service quality, to verify what factors most influence consumer satisfaction, and to suggest ways to meet the costumer needs by integrating the study results and developing high service quality. To sum up the results of this study, Korean traditional restaurant visitors evaluated three dimensions of service quality overall favorably. Interestingly, background music received a lower level of satisfaction. This implies that the Korean traditional restaurant managers do not do a fine performance in managing music as an ambient element to evoke the atmosphere of the restaurant. Customers showed a lower satisfaction with menu price among the factors measuring product quality. As a result of this study, several suggestions have been made as follows: First, it is necessary for the Korean traditional restaurants to provide systematic employee training to instigate a service culture of customer focus. Secondly, it is important to develop traditional foods using ingredients produced in the region based on a literature review of food in Gyeongju, Silla. Thirdly, it is an urgent task to develop regional menus to revitalize the restaurant business. Fourthly, it is important to provide safety food through systematic sanitary administration. Lastly, it is necessary to limit the number of menu items and attempt specialization of them. Such an attempt with specialized menu items will help their food taste and quality improve and thereby reduce inventory burdens. However, this study has a few limitations. Since this study conducted a survey of the restaurants which provides only Korean traditional food in Gyeongju, not all the restaurants in it, there is a limitation in measuring customer satisfaction with service quality. Therefore, the study results cannot be generalized to all the restaurants in Gyeongju and the nation. Finally, this study suggests that studies on the relationships between customer satisfaction and menu price and customer value system or further customer satisfaction studies with Korean traditional restaurants should be continued.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.20
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• pp.213-249
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• 2010

Aside from the Kangryung masked dance, a masque dance in the near of Ongjin county in Hwanghae province has been transmitted. This article was written by two researchers to investigate this fact in a new way. Inwoo Song had conducted a focus interview aimed at persons who came from Ongjin to South Korea and Hyungho Chung had been responsible for summarizing and analyzing the interview. Bonyoung and Suyoung were a place in which a navy admiral stayed and a very rich area. These two places and Kangryung invited and perfomed each other. They kept a competition relationship for the performance. For this reason, the masque dance had advanced in this area. Compared to Kangryung masked dance, this masked dance had a difference in the performance order including a lion dance. Malddukyi dance was expressed in detail in the first part and Hanryang dance was performed independently in the middle of the dance. Sangjwa dance among dances was considered important. Also a lively Malddukyi dance was a scale which measured the skill of the dance. Chwiballyi starred in the dance. The mask was made from a paper and had a grotesque ghost face. This dance was played around Dan-oh. The music accompaniment was conducted by professional musician group, "Kyungjanpae", who lived in the vicinity. They had talents such as masked dance, tightrope dancing, tumbling in addition to music accompaniment. Especially, a local shaman took part in the Bonyoung masked dance and leaded an excorcism after the death of Halmi. Also, in the part of the Kwangdaedaegam gut, the shaman and village people put on the mask and danced together. Therefore, a shaman was closely connected with a local masked dance. After the Korean war, Kangryung masked dance was restored but Bongyoung and Sogang masked dance was not transmitted at all. This article will be helpful for completing the script and restoring the Bongyoung and Sogang masked dance.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.107-150
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• 2019

The article is intended to examine the four main vocalists, including Freddie Mercury, of the legendary rock group Queen, whose movie has generated a "Queen Syndrome" all over the world, and is widely shared by nearly 10 million viewers in Korea. In today's era of cultural content, this paper studied the relationship between their personality and character in the sense of storytelling for the four Queen members who left charismatic voices and beautiful pop music harmonies. As a theoretical background, I will focus our research on the members' psychological and human factors for the popularization of rock music, but I will apply the environmental factors that each member has been born and lived in, as well as the factors of family relations, such as parents. Queen is a band that has performed throughout the world for about 20 years, from the early 1970s to the birth and disappearance of a rock group. In sum, the four members of Queen, who have strong personalities, showed various musical possibilities by combining completely different genres such as acafella, ballad, opera and hard rock, depending on their taste and imagination, and achieved legendary fame that transcended generations by displaying excellent skills in communicating with the public. The four personality and characters, the rock group Queen and its main vocal Freddie Mercury, were the feet of association calculated by correlation from internal to external influences.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.243-253
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• 2019

Geyonggi-geommu have developed based on the long history of Korean sword dance. Han Sung-joon, the great master of modern music and dance of Korea during the Japanese colonial period, collected and reconstructed folk dances that had disappeared or were cut off due to the policy to obliterate Korean culture through Chosun Music Dance Research Society. Since then, it has been passed down to Kang Sun-young and Kim Geun-hee that has designated as the Intangible Cultural Property No. 53. of Geyonggi-do in 2011. This study focuses on highlighting the uniqueness of Geyonggi-geommu for proper modeling and transmission of Geyonggi-geommu with historical significance so as to understand and preserve the Intangible Cultural Heritage. This study examines the transmission system of Geyonggi-geommu, followed by Kang Sun-young and Kim Geun-hee, originated by the master Han Sung-Joon of Geyonggi-geommu. Geyonggi-geommu has its uniqueness of using the pure Korean dance terminology established by the holder Kim Geun-hee at the time of designation of intangible cultural properties in Gyeonggi-do. The unique features of Geyonggi-geommu are performed and transmitted in two forms, Daemu(Group dance) and Holchum(Solo dance) which are not currently found in other regions. This is meaningful to passed down according to the original form of Geommu(Sword dance). In particular, the Holchum(Solo dance) is a form of artistic dance, showing the beauty of the sword dance during the Chosun Dynasty. In short, Gyeonggi-geommu can be described as an artistic dance with a soft and strong temperament considering its unique features.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2023

Background: Arirang is a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage and intangible cultural property No. 129. However, research on the origin of Arirang in Seoul is still narrowly conducted, and it is necessary to investigate it academically. Purpose: This study is to clarify the research on the origin of traditional Arirang in Seoul area on a theoretical basis. Methods: I searched various documents to find the source of Arirang in Seoul. Results: The record of 'Arirang' was first confirmed as 'Arirang Taryeong(song)' in 'Hanyang-ga' in Maecheonyarok (Maecheon's history) by Hwang (1894). After that, Hulbert (1896) published the first modern sheet music and lyrics of <A-ra-rung> on music paper. In addition, Lee Sang Jun (1914) edited <Old Korean Folk Songbook, First volume> and recorded the lyrics and score titled 'Arirang Taryeong' on page 25 and the long Arirang Taryeong. Conclusions: Literally, the origin of 'Arirang in Seoul' is 'Arirang Taryeong' first recorded in 'Hanyang-ga' of Maecheonyarok. Arirang song, which originated in Hanyang, can be called Seoul Arirang. It is suggested that Seoul Arirang has a very high value as a protected cultural heritage of Seoul because of its historical and cultural characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

In this study, an analysis is carried out on the acoustic design for an indoor gymnasium scheduled to be built at Buan County, Chonbuk Province. By way of background, the study examines the case of a large-scale indoor gymnasium that has been constructed in the local area of Hangan-myeon. There are many examples whereby this gymnasium could be used not only as a sporting facility for the residents, but also as a multipurpose space for public performances such as leisure activities, lectures, assembling activities, theatre and concerts etc. In order to maximize the functional utilization of such an indoor gymnasium, it is important to simultaneously verify the acoustic capabilities of the space in terms of Definition of both Voice and Music. However, as a large-scaled athletic facility, the building was designed with a high ceiling-height to accommodate its functional characteristics. The space forms a Sound Focus whereby the sound is concentrated at a specific part, and because the vibration of sound is too loud due to its broad volume, acoustic defects arise such as a significant number of Echoes. Using this gymnasium as a precedent, this study proposes an acoustic design based on the drawings of the indoor gymnasium that is scheduled to be built at B County, Chonbuk Province. The gymnasium is equipped with an optimized acoustic condition passing through the Acoustic Simulation Phase. From the results of an Acoustic Simulation, we can design an indoor gymnasium that is equipped with a considerably satisfying and improved acoustic performance compared with the building before it was reformed. It is also considered that the use of such materials can fundamentally reduce construction costs and can improve acoustic performance, at the planning and design stages for similar sporting facilities in the future.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 2016

It is a story-based content creation service that provides any user with some proper contents based on a story written by the user in order to utilize a lot of contents accumulated on Internet. For this service, the story has to be described in computer-readable representation. In this paper, analyzing the structure of scenario, as known as screenplay or scripts, a structure of story representation, which is referred to as OpenScenario, is defined. We intend users to produce their own contents by using massive contents on Internet by the proposed method. The proposed method's OpenScenario consists two main parts, OSD (OpenScenario Descriptors) which is a set of descriptors to describe various objects of shots such as visual, aural and textual objects and OSS (OpenScenario Scripts) which is a set of scripts to add some effects such as image, caption, transition between shots, and background music. As an usecase of proposed method, we describe how to create new content using OpenScenario and discuss some required technologies to apply the proposed method effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.25-44
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• 2014

This research evaluates the accessibility of the mobile applications for the South Korean libraries based on the accessibility guideline from the Ministry of Security and Public Administration. In order to enhance the credibility of the evaluation, this current research covers both the accessibility for the visually impaired and the accessibility for the people without disabilities. The research found four main results. First, we found that only 21 libraries (31%) provide alternative texts. Out of the 21 libraries, only one provide alternative texts across all sections of the mobile applications, including the main page, data search, information assistance, etc. Second, most of the mobile applications provide contents in texts, and the subtitles, sign language, blinking and background music provided as required or recommended standard by the guideline lack correlation. Third, alternative texts, focus movement, accessibility of operating system, button motion control, spacing between control and alarm functions must follow the standard guideline for the people with disabilities to use the mobile applications. Fourth, follow-up research on the development of accessibility standard for library mobile application is necessary in order to enable people with disabilities to freely use the library mobile applications.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.82-88
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an intelligibility enhancement algorithm for multimedia contents using spectral shaping. The dialogue signals is essential to understand the plot of audio-visual media contents such as movie and TV. However, the non-dialogue components as like sound effects and background music often degrade the dialogue clarity. To overcome this problem, this paper tries to improves the dialogue clarity of audio soundtracks which contain important cues for the visual scenes. In the proposed method, the dialogue components are first detected by soft masker based on speech presence probability (SPP) which is widely used in speech enhancement field. Then, extracted dialogue signals are applied to the spectral shaping method. It reallocate the spectral-temporal energy of speech to enhanced the intelligibility. The total energy is maintained as unchanged via a loudness normalization process to prevent saturation. The algorithm was evaluated using the modeled and real movie soundtracks and it was shown that the proposed algorithm enhances the dialogue clarity while preserving the total audio power.