• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2011

경미한 III급 부정교합의 비발치 치료는 하악 치열의 원심이동과 상악 치열의 근심이동을 통하여 절충 치료를 하게 된다. 지금까지 하악 구치의 원심경사 및 후방이동을 시키기 위해서 다양한 치료 방법이 소개되어 왔다. 골성 고정원을 이용한 치료는 총생이 심한 경우와 같이 하악치열의 후방이동이 요구될 때 적용되는데 환자의 협조도와 무관하게 사용할 수 있지만, 하악 치열의 후방 이동 시 치근 접촉가능성이 있으며 골성 고정원의 탈락 가능성을 배제할 수 없다. Multiloop edgewise arch wire (MEAW)와 악간 고무줄을 이용한 치료는 효율적으로 하악 치아를 원심 경사할 수 있지만, 장치의 복잡성 때문에 제작이 어렵고 환자의 불편감이 증가하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 최근에 향상된 초탄성 Ni-Ti alloy wire는 교정력을 좀 더 효과적으로 전달할 수 있고, improved superelastic wire (ISW)를 이용한 tip-back은 디자인이 간단하기 때문에 간단한 조작으로 와이어를 제작할 수 있으며, 환자의 불편감이 감소할 수 있다. 본고에서는 향상된 초탄성 Ni-Ti alloy wire와 악간 고무줄을 이용하여 하악 구치부를 원심 경사이동한 증례를 소개하고, 효과적인 임상 적용을 위한 고려사항을 살펴보고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.929-939
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge of universal precautions and its performance in practice. The research was conducted from November 2 to 30, 1998. A total 515 student nurses ; 249 from a baccalaureate nursing college and 266 from second and third year of a 3-year community nursing college were surveyed. The results are as following : 1. The average score for universal precautions knowledge was 270.41$\pm$19.43/300(range 150-300). The results showed that 99.2% of students avoid injury from used needles, 98.6% answered that they always wash their hands if they had contact with the patient's blood and they always dispose of used needles in special collectors (97.7%) for needles. But, 39.2% responsed that they dispose of used needles after recapping them. 2. The average score for universal precautions knowledge of the senior students in the 4-year college was the highest (277.65$\pm$13.99). 3. The average score for the performance of universal precautions knowledge was 53.18 $\pm$5.91(range 14-70). The items : ‘I cautiously avoid injury from the used needles’(4.92$\pm$0.33), ‘I always wash my hands if there has been contact with the patient's blood’(4.91$\pm$0.34), and ‘I always disposed of used needles in the appropriate collector’(4.89$\pm$0.42) showed the highest performance. However ‘I always dispose of used needles after recapping them’(2.19$\pm$1.39) and ‘I always use protection goggles when in danger of contamination’(2.19$\pm$1.20) showed low performance level. 4. The highest average score for universal precautions performance was shown among the second year students in 3-year nursing college (54.19$\pm$6.92) between the groups. It showed that the level of the universal precautions performance was higher for those who had education on university precautions prior to performance of the universal precautions than for those without any prior education. 5. The percentage of students who reported the experience of direct contact with patients' blood and/or body fluids was 42.30%. The experience of direct contact with blood and/or body fluids of the educational group was significantly higher than those were not educated. 6. The most frequent cause of the direct contact was ‘needle pricking and/or skin cut’(63.04%). The most frequent substance with which the students contact was ‘blood’(59.85%). The majority of the sample had answered that the mode of contamination was ‘unknown’(63.54%). The majority of the sample answered that strategies used after contamination included ‘washing with soap’(33.61%). Reviewing the chart of patients or asking other health professionals(28.85%). 7. The number of students who had the experience of a needle stick and/or skin cut was 145(28.16%). The clinical practice places where the incidents occurred were mainly in the internal medicine unit (45.07%) and the surgical unit (31.92%) followed by the intensive care unit and the emergency unit in order. The experience of a needle stick and/or skin cut happened during on intra-muscular injection 47.34% and intravenous injection 21.81%. The causes of the needle stick and/or skin cut were ‘putting the needle cap back on 77(35.81%)’. The number of students who took an appropriate post management blood test and/or vaccination was 27(18.62%). 8. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the knowledge of universal precautions and performance of universal precautions in practice showed a positive correlation.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.676-685
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• 2020

This study developed smart vests with heat and massage functions that changed patterns, designs, materials, etc., and evaluated their functions and satisfaction. A knitted fabric with good elasticity and a heating lining were used, and in consideration of this, the final vest pattern fitted to the upper body was completed. A heat pad was attached to the back, and 6 vibration motors were attached to the trapezius muscle. The controller was placed on the left chest for easy operation, and the battery was stored in an inner pocket under the controller. The heating effect of the smart vest, the location of the devices, and the ease of operation were excellent. When the massage function was operated, the thermal comfort was increased compared to when the massage function was not operated, and the high thermal comfort was perceived by the operation of heat and heat+massage function. Due to the battery, the weight, irritating contact of devices and wearing sensation decreased, but there was no reduction in wearing sensation due to heat and vibration devices. The greater the satisfaction with the massage function, thermal comfort, fit, appearance and weight, the greater the product satisfaction.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2010

It is a frequent occurrence in urban traffic - a low-speed collision in which one vehicle hits the back of another. The vehicles often sustain expensive damage. Bumpers can reduce this damage, but only line up so the initial contact in an impact is bumper to bumper. Then the bumpers on the colliding vehicles have to absorb the crash energy, keeping damage away from expensive sheet metal, lights, and other components. In real world accidents, Bumper mismatches in crashes are increasing, and the resulting repair costs from low-speed collisions are escalating. In this study, we investigated the bumper rail height and analyzed their effects on repair cost. Futhermore, Our 16kph front-into-rear crash tests demonstrates bumper mismatch problem.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.196-200
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• 2005

In this work, we investigated simple Aㅣ/TCO/a-Si:H(n)/c-Si(p)/Al hetero-junction solar cells prepared by low temperature processes, unlike conventional thermal diffused c-Si solar cells. a-Si:H/c-Si hetero-junction solar cells are processed by low temperature deposition of n-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on textured and flat p-type silicon substrate. A detailed investigation was carried out to acquire optimization and compatibility of amorphous layer, TCO (ZnO:Al) layer depositions by changing the plasma process parameters. As front TCO and back contact, ZnO:Al and AI were deposited by rf magnetron sputtering and e-beam evaporation, respectively. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency under AMI.5 and the quantum efficiency on $1cm^2$ sample have been reported. An efficiency of $12.5\%$ is achieved on hetero-structure solar cells based on p-type crystalline silicon.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.132-137
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• 2005

This paper addresses what amount of whole-body vibration is exposed to pilots of UH60 helicopters during flight. To measure the whole-body exposed from the feet and seat, the 12-axis vibration measurement system was used. It enables simultaneous measurement of vibration exposure from the body contact area of the feet, hip and back. The measured 12-axis vibration signals are exploited to the comfort level of UH60 helicopters during flight. It is shown that the evaluated ride value is close to $0.74{\sim}0.79m/s^2$ and that it is equivalent to the semantic scale of 'fairly uncomfortable'. To assess the health effects of whole-body vibration exposed to pilots of UH60 helicopters during their flight, the rms-based and VDV(vibration dose value)-based evaluation results of measured four-axis vibration signals are shown in this work. The fatigue-decreased proficiency limit, whose level is half of the exposure limit, is expected to come after the two-hour flight. The exposure limit is shown to reach after the 10-hour flight.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.907-910
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• 2005

Although several artificial disc designs have been developed for the treatment of discogenic low back pain, biomechanical change with its implantation was rarely studied. To evaluate the effect of artificial disc implantation on the biomechanics of functional spinal unit, nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model of L4-L5 was developed with 1-mm CT scan data. Two models implanted with artificial discs, SB $Charit\acute{e}$ or Prodisc, via anterior approach were also developed. The implanted model predictions were compared with that of intact model. Angular motion of vertebral body, force on spinal ligaments and facet joint, and the stress distribution of vertebral endplate for flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation with a compressive preload of 400 N were compared. The implanted model showed increased flexion-extension range of motion and increased force in the vertically oriented ligaments, such as ligamentum flavum, supraspinous ligament and interspinous ligament. The increase of facet contact force on extension were greater in implanted models. The incresed stress distribution on vertebral endplate for implanted cases indicated that additinal bone growth around vertebral body and this is matched well with clinical observation. With axial rotation moment, relatively less axial rotation were observed in SB $Charit\acute{e}$ model than in ProDisc model.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1996

The omental pedicle based on right gastroepiploic vessels is designed new experimental model for prefabrication(revasculirization) of skin flaps in rats. A $2.5{\times}4cm$ pack of omentum with right gastroepiploic vessels was transferred under a bipediceld panniculocutaneous flap which is $2.5{\times}8cm$ size. At day 7, all four margin was divided and the flap was rasied as an secondary island flap connected only by its vascular pedicle, then the composite flap sutured back in place. The flap perfusion was examined by dermofluorometry and flap survival area was measured at day 12. The Secondary island flap demonstrated a dye fluorescence index(DFI%) of $31.38{\pm}12.33$ and survival rate $80.47{\pm}9.61$ The survival rate was increased when DFI% and contact surface between vascular carrier and skin flap was increased. An india ink injection and histologic examination provided visual evidence of revasculization. The omental pedicle is a promising and safe model for revasculirization of other tissues.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2016

The electromechanical brake (EMB) is one of future brake systems due to its many advantages. For implementation of the EMB, the correct feed back about clamping force is necessary. Keeping commercialization of the EMB in mind, it is strongly demanded that an expensive load cell measuring the clamping force is replaced with an estimation algorithm. In addition, an estimation of the kissing point where the brake pads start to come into contact with a disk wheel is proposed in this paper. With these estimation algorithms, the clamping force can be expressed as a polynomial characteristic curve versus the motor angle. Also, a method for calibration of measured values by the load cell is proposed and used for an actual characteristic curve. Lastly, the performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated in comparison with the actual curve on a developed EMB test bench.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2016

This study proposes a non-contact inspective technology based robot vision system for Faulty Inspection of welding States and Parts Shape. The maine focus is real time implementation of the machining parts' automatic inspection by the robotic moving. For this purpose, the automatic test instrument inspects the precision components designator the vision system. pattern Recognition Technologies and Precision Components for vision inspection technology and precision machining of precision parts including the status and appearance distinguish between good and bad. To perform a realization of a real-time automation integration system for the precision parts of manufacturing process, it is designed a robot vision system for the integrated system controller and verified the reliability through experiments. The main contents of this paper, the robot vision technology for noncontact inspection of precision components and machinery parts is useful technology for FA.