• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

An edge tone is the discrete tone or narrow-band sound produced by an oscillating free shear layer, impinging on a rigid surface. In this paper, we present a 2-D edge tone to predict the frequency characteristics of the discrete oscillations of a jet-edge feedback cycle, using the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM). We use a modified version of the lattice BGK compressible fluid model, adding an additional term and allowing for longer time increments, compared to a conventional FDLBM, and also use a boundary fitted coordinates system. The jet is chosen long enough in order to guarantee the parabolic velocity profile of the jet at the outlet, and the edge consists of a wedge with an angle of ${\alpha}$ = 23. At a stand-off distance, the edge is inserted along the centerline of the jet, and a sinuous instability wave, with real frequency, is assumed to be created in the vicinity of the nozzle and propagates towards the downstream. We have succeeded in capturing very small pressure fluctuations, resulting from periodical oscillations of a jet around the edge. The pressure fluctuations propagate with the speed of sound. Its interaction with the wedge produces an non-rotational feedback field, which, near the nozzle exit, is a periodic transverse flow, producing the singularities at the nozzle lips.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.99.2-99.2
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• 2012

현재 양산 중인 대부분의 결정질 실리콘 태양전지는 p-type 실리콘 기판의 전면에 인 (phosphorus) 을 확산시켜 에미터로 사용한 스크린 프린티드 태양전지 (Screen Printed Solar Cells) 이다. 위 태양전지의 단점은 p-type 기판의 광열화현상 (Light Induced Degradation) 문제와 후면 알루미늄 금속 전극으로 인한 휨 현상 등이 있다. 이러한 단점을 해결하기 위해 n-type 기판의 전면에 보론 (Boron) 을 도핑하여 에미터로 사용하고, 후면 전계 (Back Surface Field) 로 인 (Phosphorus)을 도핑한 태양전지에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는, 튜브 전기로 (tube furnace) 를 이용해 n-type 실리콘 웨이퍼 전면에 보론 도핑을 하고 이와 마찬가지로 웨이퍼 후면에 인 도핑을 실시하였다. 그리고 전면과 후면의 패시베이션을 위해 얇게 산화막을 형성한 후 실리콘 질화막 (SiNx) 을 증착하였다. 에미터와 후면 전계 그리고 패시베이션 층의 특성을 평가하기 위해 QSSPC (Quasi-Steady-State PhotoConductance) 로 소수반송자 수명 (Minority Carrier Lifetime) 과 포화 전류 (Saturation current) 값을 측정하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1915-1920
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• 2004

An edge tone is the discrete tone or narrow-band sound produced by an oscillating free shear layer impinging on a rigid surface. In this paper we present a two-dimensional edge tone to predict the frequency characteristics of the discrete oscillations of a jet-edge feedback cycle by the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method. We use a new lattice BGK compressible fluid model that has an additional term and allow larger time increment comparing a conventional FDLB model, and also use a boundary fitted coordinates. The jet is chosen long enough in order to guarantee the parabolic velocity profile of the jet at the outlet, and the edge consists of a wedge with an angle of ${\alpha}=23^{\circ}$ . At a stand-off distance ${\omega}$ , the edge is inserted along the centreline of the jet, and a sinuous instability wave with real frequency f is assumed to be created in the vicinity of the nozzle and to propagate towards the downstream. We have succeeded in capturing very small pressure fluctuations result from periodically oscillation of jet around the edge. That pressure fluctuations propagate with the sound speed. Its interaction with the wedge produces an irrotational feedback field which, near the nozzle exit, is a periodic transverse flow producing the singularities at the nozzle lips.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

An edgetone is the discrete tone or narrow-band sound produced by an oscillating free shear layer, impinging on a rigid surface. In this paper, 2-dimensional edgetone to predict the frequency characteristics of the discrete oscillations of a jet-edge feedback cycle is presented using lattice Boltmznan model with 21 bits, which is introduced a flexible specific heat ratio y to simulate diatomic gases like air. The blown jet is given a parabolic inflow profile for the velocity, and the edges consist of wedges with angle 20 degree (for symmetric wedge) and 23 degree (for inclined wedge), respectively. At a stand-off distance w, the edge is inserted along the centerline of the jet, and a sinuous instability wave with real frequency is assumed to be created in the vicinity of the nozzle exit and to propagate towards the downward. Present results presented have shown in capturing small pressure fluctuating resulting from periodic oscillation of the jet around the edge. The pressure fluctuations propagate with the speed of sound. Their interaction with the wedge produces an irrotational feedback field which, near the nozzle exit, is a periodic transverse flow producing the singularities at the nozzle lips. It is found that, as the numerical example, satisfactory simulation results on the edgetone can be obtained for the complex flow-edge interaction mechanism, demonstrating the capability of the lattice Boltzmann model with flexible specific heat ratio to predict flow-induced noises in the ventilating systems of ship.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.159-173
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• 2007

In this paper, an intelligent sliding-mode position controller (ISMC) for achieving favorable decoupling control and high precision position tracking performance of permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo drives is proposed. The intelligent position controller consists of a sliding-mode position controller (SMC) in the position feed-back loop in addition to an on-line trained fuzzy-neural-network model-following controller (FNNMFC) in the feedforward loop. The intelligent position controller combines the merits of the SMC with robust characteristics and the FNNMFC with on-line learning ability for periodic command tracking of a PMSM servo drive. The theoretical analyses of the sliding-mode position controller are described with a second order switching surface (PID) which is insensitive to parameter uncertainties and external load disturbances. To realize high dynamic performance in disturbance rejection and tracking characteristics, an on-line trained FNNMFC is proposed. The connective weights and membership functions of the FNNMFC are trained on-line according to the model-following error between the outputs of the reference model and the PMSM servo drive system. The FNNMFC generates an adaptive control signal which is added to the SMC output to attain robust model-following characteristics under different operating conditions regardless of parameter uncertainties and load disturbances. A computer simulation is developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent sliding mode position controller. The results confirm that the proposed ISMC grants robust performance and precise response to the reference model regardless of load disturbances and PMSM parameter uncertainties.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1600-1604
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• 2018

This paper reports on a systematic and quantitative assessment of light induced degradation (LID) and regeneration in full Al-BSF and passivated emitter rear contact cells (PERC) along with the fundamental understanding of the difference between the two. After LID, PERC cells showed a much greater loss in cell efficiency than full Al-BSF cells (~0.9% vs ~0.6%) because the degradation in bulk lifetime also erodes the benefit of superior BSRV in PERC cells. Three main regeneration conditions involving the combination of heat and light ($75^{\circ}C/1\;Sun/48h$, $130^{\circ}C/2\;Suns/1.5h$ and $200^{\circ}C/3\;Suns/30s$) were implemented to eliminate LID loss due to BO defects. Low temperature/long time ($75^{\circ}C/48h$) and high temperature/short time ($200^{\circ}C/30s$) regeneration process was unable to reach 100% stabilization. The intermediate temperature/time ($130^{\circ}C/1.5h$) generation achieved nearly full recovery and stabilization (over 99%) for both full Al-BSF and PERC cells. We discussed the effect of temperature, time and suns in regeneration mechanism for two cells.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2008

콩과 녹두을 대상으로 한 두과작물에 대한 톱다리개미허리노린재의 산란선호성을 검정하였다. 톱다리개미허리노린재는 식물체 상부와 잎의 뒷면에 주로 산란하였으며, 포장 내에서는 가장자리와 안쪽에 관계없이 균등한 산란비율을 나타냈고, 산란된 잎의 대부분에서는 한 잎에 한 개의 알이 관찰되었다. 또 콩의 개화전과 개화 후에 산란비율에 차이가 없었다. 한편 여러 유전자원에 대한 산란선호성도 다른 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.615-626
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 전진 비행하는 탠덤로터의 로터 겹침에 의한 간섭효과에 대해 연구하였다. 기 개발된 시간전진 자유후류 모델이 고려된 비정상 패널 코드는 후류와 깃(blade)이 아주 근접한 경우에 불안정성이 발생하였다. 이를 제거하기 위해서 장속도기법을 적용하여 코드를 개선하였다. 개선된 코드를 이용하여 전진 비행하는 탠덤로터의 상호작용에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자인 로터 간격과 전진비에 따른 파라메타 연구를 수행하였다. 공력성능의 비교를 통해 겹침유도동력계수는 일정한 전진비 이후에는 로터 사이의 수평 거리의 영향은 거의 받지 않으며, 수직 거리의 제곱에 반비례하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전진비가 증가함에 따라 겹침유도동력계수는 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2000

이 연구는 집중호우 시에 심한 지표균열이 발생하여 주민의 안전이 우려되는 달성군 다사읍 이천리 배후 산록의 지반활동 원인을 조사하고 대책을 강구하는데 그 목적이 있다. 활동원인을 조사하기 위하여 지표 지질조사, GPR 탐사, 시추조사 및 시험, 강수자료 검토 등이 수행되었으며, 조사결과를 종합하여 활동면은 지하 6~8m 심도에 위치하는 사암과 셰일의 경계를 이루는 경사각 20~25$^{\circ}$의 층리면이 약선대로 작용한 것으로 확인되었다. 활동면의 전단강도는 한계평형해석법에 의한 역해석을 수행하여 지하수위가 상승한 경우에 안전율이 1.0 이하가 되는 값으로 내부마찰각 18$^{\circ}$, 점착력 0 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$으로 결정하였다. 이를 바탕으로 도해적 분석, 한계평형해석 및 수치해석 등 일련의 해석을 수행하였으며, 특히, 다양한 조건 하에서 한계평형해석을 수행하여 그 결과로부터 지반활동 방지를 위한 사면보강방안을 제시하였다. 적절한 표면 배수시설과 함께 지반 그라우팅 혹은 앵커공법의 적용이 사면의 장기적인 안전에 적절할 것이다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권10호
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• pp.1370-1374
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• 2018

A heterojunction $SnS_2/p-Si$ photodetector was fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering system. $SnS_2$ was formed with 2-inch $SnS_2$ target. Al was applied as the front and the back metal contacts. Rapid thermal process was conducted at $500^{\circ}C$ to enhance the contact quality. 2D material such as $SnS_2$, MoS2 is very attractive in various fields such as field effect transistors (FET), photovoltaic fields such as photovoltaic devices, optical sensors and gas sensors. 2D material can play a significant role in the development of high performance sensors, especially due to the advantages of large surface area, nanoscale thickness and easy surface treatment. Especially, $SnS_2$ has a indirect bandgap in the single and bulk states and its value is 2 eV-2.6 eV which is considerably larger than that of the other 2D material. The large bandgap of $SnS_2$ offers the advantage for the large on-off current ratio and low leakage current. The $SnS_2/p-Si$ photodetector clearly shows the current rectification when the thickness of $SnS_2$ is 80 nm compared to when it is 135 nm. The highest photocurrent is $19.73{\mu}A$ at the wavelength of 740 nm with $SnS_2$ thickness of 80 nm. The combination of 2D materials with Si may enhance the Si photoelectric device performance with controlling the thickness of 2D layer.