• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1998

The author conducted new back analysis method using monitoring data to a landslide which occurred around portal. In this case, because the tunnel being located under the sliding plane of the landslide, calculated value from the ordinary back analysis in which considered only stress release by the tunnel excavation didn't fit the measured value. Then, in the new method, a body force as the movement of the landslide mass was added to the ordinary back analysis and good results were obtained. Furthermore, the author carried out stability analysis of the landslide with the data of the back analysis and examined the loosened area and decreasing og the sliding plane strength due to the tunnel excavation.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 계측변위를 이용한 흙막이 벽체의 역해석시 예기치 못한 하중으로 인해 발생한 이상변위의 누적에 의한 오차를 최소화할 수 있는 기법을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 단계별 변위증분으로 목적함수를 구성하고, 목적함수를 최소화시키는 최적화기법으로 직접탐색법중 유용방향법에 의한 순차선형계획법을 도입하여 역해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한, 모형토조실험을 실시하여 측정된 실제변위와 예측변위를 비교$.$분석함으로써 개발된 역해석 프로그램의 신뢰성을 검증하였다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2019

The seat back frame of the vehicle is subjected to load on the passenger behavior. Because of steel material, it is necessary to optimize the frame considering lightweight and safety. In this paper, finite element analysis is used for the optimal design of the seat back frame. First, a lightweight material is applied to reduce the weight of the seat back frame. Secondly, the design position of the pipe part fastened in the seat back frame was selected by considering the strength against the load generated by the occupant. Third, the shape of the side frame was derived by performing the phase optimization analysis for the AFT load condition. And we have compared the initial model with the optimal model to verify the light weighting and safety. As a result, the optimal design model of the seat back frame satisfying the weight reduction and safety has been proposed.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

In this paper, finite element analysis of an automatic five-stage precision cold forging process of a yoke, a steering part of a passenger's car, is conducted with emphasis on spring back analysis at the yoke-forming stage and its experimental verification is subsequently made. An elastoplastic finite element method with MINI-element technique employed for the analysis of the entire process is explained. There is emphasis that the thin film of material formed between the punch and die in the stage may result to some errors especially in elastoplastic finite element analysis of spring back due to frequent remeshing. The numerical robustness of the spring back analysis in regards to remeshing is hence shown first through investigation into its effect on the predicted spring back. Experimental measurement of displacement due to spring back is carried out for comparison with the predicted results, and they are in a qualitative agreement with each other.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.357-373
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 터널-지반 시스템의 거동을 합리적으로 해석하고 재료의 특성과 터널설계정수 평가를 위한 역해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 유한차분법과 직접법을 조합한 역해석 기법을 이용하기 위하여 상용 프로그램인 FLAC(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)과 최적화 알고리즘을 이용하여 지하구조물의 역해석이 가능하도록 구성되었다. 역해석 알고리즘으로는 최적화 기법 중 미분계수를 구하지 않고 직접탐색이 가능한 로젠브록법(Rosenbrock Method)을 이용하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 개발된 역해석 알고리즘의 현장 적용성 검증을 위하여 4개 구간의 실제현장을 대상으로 현장 계측결과를 이용하여 역해석을 수행하였다. 역해석 과정에서 현장계측 변위에 대한 해석 대상지반의 최적함수를 파악하기 위하여 비선형 회귀분석(nonlinear regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 회귀분석은 지수함수와 분수함수를 이용하였으며, 이를 통하여 결정된 최적함수를 이용하여 계산된 총 변위를 역해석 입력 자료로 활용하였다. 이 연구결과로써 대상구조체의 실측변위를 이용한 역해석을 수행한 결과는 계측변위와 평균 4.5%의 오차율을 보였다. 따라서 이 연구에서 제안하는 역해석 기법이 터널 해석에 유용하게 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2022

Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a term that applies to symptoms such as persistent or recurring low back pain, paresthesia, sciatica, or numbness after spine surgery. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to have excellent analgesic effects although there have been no systematic reviews on the effects of EA on FBSS. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of EA on FBSS was conducted. Eight databases were searched for studies that used EA for FBSS and 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. RCTs of EA as combination therapy for FBSS compared with conventional treatment demonstrated improvement in the level of pain, lumbar functional scale scores, and quality of life. However, meta-analysis showed that reduction in pain was not statistically significant, while evaluation of lumbar function significantly improved, although the quality of evidence in the RCTs was generally low. RCTs comparing EA alone with conventional treatment demonstrated an improved level of pain, lumbar function, and effective rate of treatment. Meta-analysis showed that pain was significantly decreased in the EA alone group compared with the control group, although the quality of evidence was low. To improve the quality of evidence, high-quality RCTs are required in the future.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 직접 알고리즘이 적용된 역해석 기법을 이용하여 실제 흙막이 벽체 현장 2개소를 대상으로 역해석을 수행하였으며 이를 유전알고리즘과 비교하여 역해석 기법의 적정성을 평가하였다. 또한, 프로그램의 효과적인 활용방안을 제시하기 위해 역해석 입력값인 계측 데이터를 굴착단계별로 다르게 입력한 후 역해석 결과(변위, 부재력)의 적용성을 검토하였다. 연구 결과, 직접알고리즘과 유전알고리즘 모두 적용성이 높으나 본 프로그램에 대한 최적화는 직접알고리즘이 더 잘 예측되는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 직접알고리즘이 적용된 역해석 프로그램을 효과적으로 사용하기 위해서는 최종 굴착단계가 8단계~11단계인 현장을 대상으로 7단계 굴착시의 계측데이터를 입력할 경우 비교적 정확한 흙막이 거동을 예측할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the pain patterns and factors affecting low back pain in middle-aged women with backache. Method: A descriptive research design was utilized. The participants were middle-aged women who visited to two back pain clinics in Wonju from October, 2006 through February, 2007. A total of 195 low back pain patients agreed to participate in this study, and data from 177 were analyzed. Data were collected using a questionnaire which included a modified short-form Korean pain rating scale, demographic factors, factors related to low back pain and health behavior. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis was utilized in the analysis. Results: The mean score for low back pain was relatively low(M=21.57, SD=11.44). Among pain patterns, scores for dull pain were the highest of all the dimensions. In the regression analysis, significant factors affecting low back pain were found to be age, level of education, religion, BMI, experience of pregnancy, delivery type and exercise. These variables explained 24.8% of variance in low back pain(F=3.79, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that nurses need for assessment and intervention to take into consideration pain patterns as well as factors affecting middle-age women with backache.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2008

This report describes the analytical solution of back EMF for BLDC motor using numerical analysis of air gap flux density. The analysis of air gap flux density is the key to expect the performance of back EMF for the design of brushless motor. The numerical analysis and FEM analysis are performed to vary attachment of stator side or rotor side, radial flux magnetization or parallel flux magnetization, magnet arc angle in the condition of constant air gap. This results have more reliable data comparing with test result of the back EMF for 7 phase BLDC motor.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2005

In this paper, the tension of assembly stay cable connected with massive anchorage block was calculated through back analysis of in-situ frequencies measured from a stadium structure. Direct approach to back analysis is adopted using the univariate method among the direct search methods as an optimization technique. The univariate method can search the optimal tension without regard to the initial ones and has a rapid convergence rate. To verify the reliability of back analysis, Tension formulas proposed by Zui et al. and Shimada were used. Tensions estimated by three methods are compared with the design tension, and are in a reasonable agreement with an error of more or less than 15%. Therefore, it is shown that back analysis applied in this paper is appropriate for estimation of cable tension force.