• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1120-1127
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• 2011

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 grown on citrus-juice waste and corn-soybean substrate on growth performance, nutrient retention, caecal microbial population and intestinal morphology in broilers. Three hundred twenty d-old Ross chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of BW in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 4 replicates of 20 chicks in each. Experimental diets were fed in 2 phases, starter (d 0 to 21) and finisher (d 21 to 35). Dietary treatments were; negative control (NC: basal diet without any antimicrobial), positive control (PC: basal diet added with 20 mg/kg Avilamycin), basal diet added with 0.30% Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 grown on corn-soybean substrate (P1), and basal diet added with 0.30% Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 grown on citrus-juice waste substrate (P2). Overall BW gain, feed intake and FCR were better (p<0.05) in PC, P1 and P2 treatments as compared to NC. Moreover, overall BW gain and FCR in PC and P2 treatments were greater than P1. Retention of CP, GE (d 21, d 35) and DM (d 35) were increased (p<0.05) in treatments PC, P1 and P2 compared with NC. At d 35, caecal Clostridium and Coliform counts were lower (p<0.05) in treatments PC, P1 and P2 than NC. Moreover, Clostridium and Coliform counts in treatment PC was lower (p<0.05) than P1. Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in both duodenum and ileum were increased (p<0.05) in treatments PC, P1, P2 as compared to NC. However, retention of nutrients, caecal microbial population and intestinal morphology remained comparable among treatments P1 and P2. It is concluded that Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 inclusion at 0.30% level had beneficial effects on broilers' growth performance, nutrient retention, caecal microflora and intestinal morphology. Additionally, citrus-juice waste can be used as substrate for growth of probiotic Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2009

Bacillus subtilis 028-1 균주는 청국장 발효에 사용하는 균주로 Staphylococcus sp. LS2 뿐만 아니라 여러 yeast 균주의 생장을 억제하는 항생물질을 생산하며, soybean meal 2%와 maltose와 같은 이당류를 1% 첨가하여 15~18시간 진탕 배양하였을 때 최대의 항생물질 생산을 보였으며 배지의 pH는 6.5 이하였다. 항생물질의 활성은 약염기성 조건에서 극대화되었으며, $100^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 가열하여도 활성은 크게 감소하지 않았고, 실온 보관 시 한 달 이상 효과가 지속되며 chymotrypsin과 papain 같은 단백질 분해효소 처리에 의해 서서히 활성이 줄어들었다. 투석에 의해 항생물질의 분자량을 측정한 결과 1,000에서 500 dalton 사이인 것으로 나타났으며 항미생물 효과는 있으나 fibrin 분해 능력이 없으므로 surfactin이 아닌 iturin 계열의 peptide성 항생물질로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding direct-fed microbials (DFM) on the growth performance and prophylaxis of calf diarrhea during the pre-weaning period as an alternative to antibiotics. A multi-species DFM was formulated including three lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus salivarius Ls29, Pediococcus acidilactia Pa175, and L. plantarum Lp177), three Bacillus strains (B. subtilis T4, B. polymyxa T1 and SM2), one yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii, and a nonpathogenic E. coli Nissle 1917. Lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus strains were selected based on the antibacterial activity against various animal pathogens, especially pathogenic E. coli using agar diffusion methods in vitro. Test and control groups were fed milk replacer and calf starter supplemented with DFM ($10^9$ cfu each of eight species/d/head, n = 29) or with antibiotics (0.1% neomycin sulfate in milk replacer and Colistin 0.08% and Oxyneo 110/110 0.1% in calf starter, n = 15), respectively. Overall fecal score and the incidence rate of diarrhea were reduced in the DFM group compared to the antibiotics one. About 40% of calves in antibiotic group suffered from diarrhea while in DFM group only 14% showed diarrhea. There was no difference in the average daily gain and feed efficiency of two groups. The hematological levels of calves were all within the normal range with no significant difference. In conclusion, the feeding of multispecies DFM during the pre-weaning period could reduce calf diarrhea and there was no difference in the growth performance between the groups, thus showing the potential as an alternative to antibiotics.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 화장품 원료로서 삼지구엽초의 응용가능성을 확인하기 위해 항균 효과와 항산화 효과를 확인하였다. 피부상재균에 대한 disc diffusion assay에서 높은 항균 효과를 나타낸 분획-균에 대해 최소저해농도를 측정하였다. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)에 대한 에틸아세테이트 분획의 항균 활성과, S. aureus에 대한 50% 에탄올 분획의 항균 활성은 대표적인 방부제인 methyl paraben보다 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)를 이용한 라디칼 소거 활성에서는 삼지구엽초의 세 분획 모두 대표적 항산화제인 (+)-${\alpha}$-토코페롤보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ 계를 이용해 다양한 ROS에 대한 총 항산화 활성($OSC_{50}$)을 실험한 결과, 50% 에탄올 추출물($OSC_{50}=2.46{\pm}0.06{\mu}g/ml$)과 아글리콘 분획($OSC_{50}=1.45{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/ml$)은 비교 물질인 L-ascorbic acid($OSC_{50}=1.50{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/ml$)과 유사한 높은 활성을 보여주었다. 광증감 반응을 이용한 세포 보호 효과(${\tau}_{50}$) 실험에서 50% 에탄올 추출물(${\tau}_{50}=37.0{\pm}0.3$ min)은 비교 물질인 (+)-${\alpha}$-토코페롤(${\tau}_{50}=38.0{\pm}1.8$ min)과 유사한 값을 보여주었다. 특히 아글리콘 분획의 ${\tau}_{50}$은 $165.9{\pm}7.2$ min으로 비교 물질인 (+)-${\alpha}$-토코페롤에 비해 4배가 넘는 높은 세포 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해보았을 때, 삼지구엽초 추출물은 항균 또는 항산화 활성을 갖는 화장품 원료로서 응용가능성이 높은 것으로 확인하였다.