• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2004

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD derived from Bacillus sp., which is commonly called as Bisroot$^{ⓡ}$. The goal of this study, is to Increase stability of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD in low pH, high temperature and high glucose concentration via three layer coating. The viability of coated Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD increased to 30%, 20%, 14% in the condition of pH 2 4 6 than that of uncoated Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. Final viability of the coated Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD in 80$^{\circ}C$ increased to 40% than that of uncoated Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD. In high glucose concentration coated Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD is more stable than uncoated about 50%. In conclusion, the three layer coated Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD is very stable for low pH, high temperature and high glucose concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.726-732
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2 (B. polyfermenticus KJS-2) and Angelica gigas Nakai extracts (AGNE) on hyperlipidermia. The purity of the major decursin and decursinol angelate (D/DA) in the AGNE were analyzed at 78%. Increased concentrations of AGNE (0.1-20 mg/ml) showed a higher 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibition activity. Endospore-forming B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 ($1{\times}10^9CFU/ml$) exhibited good bile tolerance (0.3 mm) on an agar plate. An animal study was carried out using different groups, including a normal control, positive control (atorvastatin), negative control (triton WR-1339), AGNE group, B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 group, AGNE + B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 group, and Atorvastatin + AGNE + B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 group to determine the effect of hyperlipidemia. There were no significant changes in body weight, kidney weight, or liver weight except for the liver weight of the triton WR-1339-treated group. Groups with AGNE and B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 had increased HDL-cholesterol and decreased total cholesterol and triglycerides. The liver histopathological results also showed that all AGNE and B. polyfermenticus KJS-2-treated groups contained lower fat accumulation in the liver tissues. The findings of this study verified that AGNE and Endospore-forming B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 combination materials have a hyperlipidemic effect.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 2008

The cell growth and antioxidant activity of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD were studied in tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium and whey protein concentrate (WPC)-based medium. Overall, higher lactose contents in WPC-35 medium (up to 2.0%), and longer culture times correlated with greater cell viability. In WPC-35 medium with 1.5% and 2.0% lactose, the cell growth of B. polyfermenticus SCD was similar to growth in TSB medium. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of culture supernatant of B. polyfermenticus SCD in WPC-35 medium was measured to assess antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity increased up to 32 hr of culture, reaching a maximum of 75.57% DPPH radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity seemed to follow the typical kinetics of primary metabolite synthesis. The antioxidant activity of B. polyfermenticus SCD supernatant in WPC-35 medium was more effective and stable than supernatant from TSB medium. These results suggest that WPC-35 medium is effective for the production of antioxidant by B. polyfermenticus SCD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1013-1018
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• 2009

The identification and characterization of Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2 (B. polyfermenticus KJS-2) was conducted using TEM, an API 50CHB kit, 16S rDNA sequencing, a phylogenetic tree, and catalase and oxidase testing. The conversion rate of glucose to lactic acid by B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 was found to be $60.7{\pm}4.9%$. In addition, treatment of B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 with artificial gastric juice (pH 2.0) and bile acid (pH 6.5) for 4 h resulted in a final viability of $140{\pm}7.9%$ and $108{\pm}3.5%$, respectively. Finally, the results of adhesion experiments using Caco-2 cells revealed that the adherence of B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 to Caco-2 cells was approximately $65{\pm}0.6%$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2009

The CJ6 bacterial strain, which possesses strong antifungal activity, was isolated from meju and identified as Bacillus polyfermenticus based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. B. polyfermenticus CJ6 showed antimicrobial activity against the various pathogenic molds, yeasts, and bacteria. Antifungal activity from B. polyfermenticus CJ6 was reduced after 24 hr at $70^{\circ}C$ but antifungal activity was not completely destroyed. The antifungal activity was stable in the pH range of $3.0{\sim}9.0$, and inactivated by proteinase K, protease, and ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, which indicate its proteinaceous nature. The apparent molecular masses of the partially purified antifungal compound, as indicated by using the direct detection method in Tricine-SDS-PAGE, was approximately 1.4 kDa.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD which is commonly called as Bisroot strain is being used for functional foods through the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in humans. The cells of B. polyfermenticus SCD were treated for 4h in artificial gastric juice (pH 2.0,3.0) and bile acid. Final viability of the strain in artificial gastric Juice (pH 2.0, 3.0) is reached to 62.8% and 81.2% respectively B. polyfermenticus SCD is resistant to antibiotics such as streptomycin, rifampicin, nystatin and ampicilin. B. polyfermenticus SCD is well known supplies the nutrients by synthesizing vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, C and K. B. polyfermenticus SCD produces various digestive enzymes and the enzymes enable to completely digest diets in our body. Above all, $\alpha$-amylase and pretense activities are very higher than B. subtilis KCTC 1020, about two fold and twenty five fold respectively. B. polyfermenticus SCD is very stable during long-term storage period in phosphate buffers of wide-range pH, solutions of various concentrations of sodium chloride, 5% glucose solution and water.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1510-1517
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• 2012

To evaluate the probiotic potential of Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6 isolated from meju, a Korean traditional soybean fermentation starter, its functionality and safety were investigated. B. polyfermenticus CJ6 was sensitive to all antibiotics listed by the European Food Safety Authority. The strain was also non-hemolytic, carried no emetic toxin or enterotoxin genes, and produced no enterotoxins. The resistance of B. polyfermenticus CJ6 vegetative cells and spores to simulated gastrointestinal conditions was high (60-100% survival rate). B. polyfermenticus CJ6 produced high amounts (0.36 g as a purified lyophilized form) of ${\gamma}$-polyglutamic acid (PGA). We speculate that the improved cell viability and the production of ${\gamma}$-PGA have a significant correlation. Adhesion of the strain to Caco-2 and HT-29 cells was weaker than that of the reference strain (Lb. rhamnosus GG), but it was comparable to or stronger than those of reported Bacillus spp. When B. polyfermenticus CJ6 spores were given orally to mice, the number of cells excreted in the feces was 4-fold higher than the original inocula. This suggests the inoculated spores propagated within the intestinal tract of the mice. This idea was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, which revealed directly that B. polyfermenticus CJ6 cells germinated and adhered within the gastrointestinal tract of mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that B. polyfermenticus CJ6 has probiotic potential for both human consumption and use in animal feeds.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.371-376
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• 2003

Antioxidative and cholesterol-reducing activity of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD were measured to characterize its probiotic properties. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picyryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the culture supernatant of B. polyfermenticus SCD was estimated to be 48%. The culture supernatant on the peroxidation of linoleic acid were investigated and the value was shown to be about 45%. The inhibition of TBA (2-thiobarbituric acid) formation of the culture supernatant was revealed 60% when stimulator was presented. The SOD-like activity of the culture supernatant was about 15%, which is similar to BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. After cultured in TSB broth added soluble cholesterol either 0.1% or 0.3% of oxgall in 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h aerobically, cholesterol-reducing activities were revealed about 67% or 64%, respectively. To test whether the products are cholesterol-related or not, residual activity was determined. The cholesterol activity was rarely changed. In addition, when the cell extracts recovered after cultivation, was tested in absence of cholesterol, cholesterol activity was not detected. However, cholesterol activity was detected in the presence of cholesterol. Thus, it was assumed that B. polyfermenticus SCD could reduce cholesterol by conjugating with it, rather than by digesting the cholesterol using cholesterol-hydrolyzing enzymes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2006

The treatments of Tteokgalbi studied were: control (no antioxidants); (T1) ethanol extracts of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD (5%); (T2) ascorbic acid (0.06%); (T3) ascorbic acid (0.03%) + ethanol extracts of B. polyfermenticus SCD (2.5%). The pH of T1, T2, and T3 samples was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control for up to 3 days of storage. Thereafter T1, T2 and T3 had a significantly higher (p<0.05) pH value than the control during storage. TBA values were significantly lower (p<0.05) in all treated samples relative to the control. The TBA value of the control rapidly increased after 6 days of storage, whereas the TBA values of the test samples did not sharply increase. T3 samples treated with vitamin C and Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD had a higher TBA value than T1 and T2 samples. The VBN values of T1, T2 and T3 sampleswere lower than that of the control (p>0.05). VBN values of the ground pork meat samples significantly increased (p<0.05) with storage time. The total microbial counts of each sample significantly increased with storage time (p<0.05). The $a^*$ values of T1 and T3 samples containing added vitamin C were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control and T2 samples during storage. The $b^*$ value of T2 samples was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of other ground pork meat products during storage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.443-449
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• 2006

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD was studied for its increasing stability by encapsulation, using 2, 3, and 4% sodium alginate. In these cases, 3% alginate resulted in the maximum survival of B. polyfermenticus SCD in artificial gastric juice for 3 h. Effects of several biopolymers on the encapsulated B. polyfermenticus SCD by 3% sodium alginate were investigated. Encapsulation with 0.5% methylcellulose showed the highest survival rate for 3 h in artificial gastric juice. Therefore, the optimized encapsulation material was 3% alginate with 0.5% methylcellulose. Furthermore, the survival of encapsulated B. polyfermenticus SCD was shown to be 122%, when 1% bile salt was added. Freeze-dried encapsulation resulted in lower survival than with non-dried encapsulation. Therefore, encapsulation was the most effective when 3% sodium alginate was used with 0.5% methylcellulose, but without freeze-drying.