• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.231-243
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• 2020

Purpose: To determine the metabolic influence of the traditional Korean diet (K-diet), which has been regarded as a healthy diet, we investigated the profile of urine organic acids that are intermediates of various types of metabolism including energy metabolism. Methods: Ten women aged 50-60 years were recruited and randomly divided into 2 diet groups, K-diet and control diet, the latter of which is a Westernized Korean diet that is commonly consumed by Koreans nowadays. Before and after the 2-week intervention, 46 urine organic acids were determined using LC/MS/MS, along with clinical parameters. Results: The average concentrations of succinate (4.14 ± 0.84 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 1.49 ± 0.11, p = 0.0346) and hydroxymethylglutarate (3.67 ± 0.36 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 2.97 ± 0.29, p = 0.0466), both of which are intermediates of energy metabolism, decreased in the K-diet group after the 2-week intervention, but these were not observed in the control diet group. In particular, the average concentration of succinate in the K-diet group was lower than that in the control group (3.33 ± 0.56 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 1.49 ± 0.11, p = 0.0284) after 2 weeks. The concentrations of two tryptophan metabolites, 5-hydroxyindolacetate (3.72 ± 0.22 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 3.14 ± 0.21, p = 0.0183) and indican (76.99 ± 8.35 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 37.89 ± 10.06, p = 0.0205) also decreased only in the K-diet group. After the 2-week intervention, the concentration of kynurenate, another tryptophan metabolite, was lower in the K-diet group than that in the control diet group (3.96 ± 0.51 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 2.90 ± 0.22, p = 0.0356). Interestingly, the urine level of kynurenate was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.61424, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (r = 0.46979, p = 0.0088), which decreased only in the K-diet group (239.40 ± 15.14 mg/dL vs. 198.20 ± 13.25, p = 0.0163). Conclusion: The K-diet alters the urinary excretion of organic acids involved in energy metabolism and tryptophan metabolism, suggesting the influence of the K-diet on these types of metabolism. Urine organic acids changed by the K-diet may serve as biomarkers in future studies.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.99-117
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to study the effects of occupation-based community rehabilitation on occupational performance skills and activities of daily living in stroke disabled persons living in the community, and to investigate the changes in occupation quality and satisfaction. Methods : In this single-subject ABA design study with follow-up evaluation, one severely disabled person diagnosed with stroke who lived in the community was recruited. The procedure consisted of a total of 25 sessions for 17 weeks. Intervention was according to occupation-based community rehabilitation, and the researcher visited the subject's home. Individualized intervention was applied according to the OTIPM. The intervention was composed of task assignment and feedback, home environment modification, information-related caregiver education, and community resource network. The evaluation of each session included the changes in the frequency of occupational performance skills, the quality of occupational performance in daily life, and the changes in occupational satisfaction, activities of daily living, quality of life, and maintenance of in the occupational performance skills during follow-up. The results were visually analyzed using a bar graph and a linear graph. Results : The results showed that the occupation-based community rehabilitation improved activities of daily living such as putting on socks, shoes slip-on, and upper body dressing garment within reach. Within the framework of the AMPS, it was confirmed that the quality of occupational performance was improved in all the subjects, and the degree of satisfaction also improved. Conclusion : This study showed that occupation-based rehabilitation can improve the occupational performance skills of stroke home disabled people positively affect the quality of occupational performance in daily life. Therefore, I think it is meaningful that useful for them.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Objective : This study was designed to identify the effects on the time usage and quality of life of seniors with stroke by applying lifestyle redesign programs on the theoretical basis of the Occupational Balance. Method : A pretest-posttest control group design was conducted for a total of 40 stroke elderly people living in nursing homes(20 experimental and 20 control groups). Prior assessment was conducted for two weeks before the application of the lifestyle redesign program. For the next 10 weeks, the lifestyle redesign program was applied seven times a week. After that, a week of post-evaluation was conducted. The time usage for the subjects was analyzed by Life Time Survey Table of the National Statistical Office(2009) and life quality for them was analyzed by World Health Organization Quality of Life-BRIEF (WHOQOL-BRIEF). Result : The comparison of time usage before and after application of the program demonstrated that for the experimental group, rest and sleep(t=-4.89, p<.001), and leisure(t=-4.67, p<.00b1) showed significant differences. In addition, intergroup comparison results showed that there were also significant differences in rest and sleep(t=-2.24, p<.01) and leisure(t=3.57, p<.01). The comparison of life quality showed a significant difference between two groups(t=6.80, p<.001). If you look at the sub-area of quality of life, a significant difference was identified in physical health(t=6.08, p<.001), psychological health(t=5.21, p<.001), living environment area(t=3.60, p<.01). Conclusion : Lifestyle redesign program actually reduced the time usage for rest and sleep for elderly with stroke living in nursing homes, and increased the time for participating in leisure life resulting in improved quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2017

BACKGROUND:This study was carried out to establish an efficient sample preparation for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols (BPs) in river water samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sample preparation was examined with conventional extraction methods, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and their efficiency was compared with validation results, including linearity of calibration curve, method detection limit (MDL), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. METHODS AND RESULTS:The BPs (bisphenol A, BPA; bisphenol B, BPB; bisphenol C, BPC; bisphenol E, BPE; bisphenol F, BPF; bisphenol S, BPS) were analyzed using GC-MS. The range of MDLs by SPE and LLE methods was $0.0005{\sim}0.0234{\mu}g/L$ and $0.0037{\sim}0.2034{\mu}g/L$, and that of LOQs was $0.0015{\sim}0.0744{\mu}g/L$ and $0.0117{\sim}0.6477{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The calibration curve obtained from standard solution of $0.004{\sim}4.0{\mu}g/L$ (SPE) and $0.016{\sim}16{\mu}g/L$ (LLE) showed good linearity with $r^2$ value of 0.9969 over. Accuracy was 93.2~108% and 97.4~120%, and precision was 1.7~4.6% and 0.7~6.5%, respectively. The values of MDL and LOQ resulted from the SPE method were higher than those from the LLE method, particularly those values of BPA were highest among the BPs. Based on the results, the SPE method was applied to determine the BPs in river water samples. Water samples were collected from mainstream, tributary and sewage wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs) in the Yeongsan river basin. The concentration of BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF and BPS were not detected in all sites, whereas BPA was ranged $0.0095{\sim}0.2583{\mu}g/L$, which was $0.0166{\sim}0.0810{\mu}g/L$ for mainstreams, $0.0095{\sim}0.2583{\mu}g/L$ for tributaries, $0.0352{\sim}0.1217{\mu}g/L$ for SWTPs. CONCLUSION: From these results, the SPE method was very effective for the simultaneous determination of BPs in river water samples using GC-MS. We provided that it is a convenient, reliable and sensitive method enough to monitor and understand the fate of the BPs in aquatic ecosystems.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2014

Chocolate is restricted for obese and diabetic patients due to high in sugar contents. We investigated shell-chocolate fillings with low calorie content and low glycemic indexes using alternative sweeteners such as tagatose and xylose and adding coffee grounds. Chocolate filling was made with sugar, cacao and butter in the original recipe. Sugar was substituted with tagatose or xylose and 3% coffee ground was added in each chocolate filling and substituted for 3% of the cocoa. Water retention and spreadability of the chocolate filling was significantly higher in the tagatose+coffee ground group in comparison to the sugar. In the chromaticity test, chocolate filling made with tagatose was darker in comparison to that made with sugar: brightness (L) was lower and redness (a) and yellowness (b) were higher than the sugar filling. Sensory evaluation revealed that chocolate filling made with tagatose had high score in 4 categories such as taste, smell, texture of foreign substance, overall acceptance. After consuming 60 g of the chocolate with different fillings, blood glucose levels of subjects at 1 and 2 h were significantly lower in the tagatose and tagatose+coffee ground groups than the other groups. In conclusion, using tagatose as the sweetener in chocolate filling has a beneficial effect on lowering blood glucose levels and increasing water retention, spreadability and sensory scores. Coffee ground did not have additive effect on quality of chocolate filling and blood glucose levels. These results indicate that shell chocolate made with tagatose can be used as a snack for diabetic patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.945-954
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• 2018

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (${\omega}3$-fatty acid) have been found to possess anticancer properties in a variety of cancer cell lines and animal models, but their effects in human tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) remain unclear. This study was designed to examine the effect of ${\omega}3$-fatty acid desaturase (fat-1) gene expression on invasion and tumorigenicity in human tongue SCC cells and the molecular mechanism of its action. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) treatment inhibited in vitro invasion in a dose-dependent manner. In zymography, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) activities were reduced, and MMP-9 and MMP-2 promoter activities were inhibited by the DHA treatment. In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter reporter activities were inhibited in SCC-4 and SCC-9 cells after the DHA treatment. To investigate the effect of a high level of endogenous ${\omega}3$ fatty acids, a stable SCC-9 cell line expressing the ${\omega}3$-desaturase gene (fSCC-9sc) was generated. The growth rate and colony-forming capacity of fSCC-9sc were remarkably decreased as compared with those of fSCC-9cc. Likewise, the tumor size and volume of fSCC-9sc implanted into nude mice were significantly inhibited, with increases in the cell death index. Furthermore, a transwell chamber invasion assay showed a reduction in cell invasion of the fSCC-9sc lines when compared with that of the fSCC-9cc line. These findings suggested that fat-1 gene expression inhibited tumorigenicity, as well as invasion in human tongue SCC cells. Thus, utilization of ${\omega}3$ fatty acids may represent a promising therapeutic approach for chemoprevention and the treatment of human tongue SCCs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

To find out the way to be able to prolong the grazing years of mixed pasture under Cheju summer-hot weather, an experiment designed with split plot (main plot : 3 cutting-plant height such as 15cm, 30cm and 45cm and sub plot : 4 white clover varieties such as Regal, Tahora, Brown and SRVR) was carried out at Cheju Agricultural Experiment Station during the period from Sept. 1994 to Oct. 1996 Dry matter yield in 15cm plant height in cutting dates has shown significantly lower increase than those in 30 and 45cm(P<0.05). There was highiy significant increase in dry matter yield of Brown plot when compared with other varieties of white clover in 2nd year(P<0.01). There was no difference on botanical composition of mixed sward as affected by plant height in cuttings dates in 2nd year. The percentage of white clover tends to lower in white clover varieties Brown and SRVR when compared with Regal and Tahora. The rate of weed was not affected by plant height in cutting dates and white clover variety in mixed pasture at last cutting time of 2nd year. In 15cm plant height, concentration of ADE and NDF was the lowest one while P contents was the highest one(P<0.01). Potassium contents was the lowest one in 30cm plant cutting height(P<0.05), and nitrogen showed statistically interaction between plant cutting height and white clover variety(P<0.01). White clover variety was no effective on concentration of constituents in mixed pastures. In conclusion, white clover variety SRVR harvested at 15cm plant height is effective on nutrient value of pasture and balance of grass and white clover in botanical composition.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

The experiment were protein and metabolizable energy level in performance and carcass rate in cross bred chicks. One day old, 720 male and female cross bred chick were used for the experiments, and 20 chicks were placed at each pen. The energy level of feed was maintained about 2,950, 3,000, 3,050 kcal/kg, and protein content was adjusted about 19, 20, 21% from 0 to 5 weeks and energy level was maintained about 3,100, 3,150, 3,200 kcal/kg, and protein content was adjusted about 17, 18, 19% from the 6 to 10 weeks old of the experiment. At the whole time, ME 3,100 (2,950), 3,150 (3,000) and 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treatment groups was not significant difference in weight gain, feed intake, but 3,150 (3,000), 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treated groups revealed to show improved feed conversion rate than the group treated with ME 3,100 (2,950) kcal (P<0.05). And CP 17 (19), 18 (20), 19 (21)% treatment groups did not significant difference weight gain and feed intake but CP 19 (21)% treated group wan significant difference feed conversion rate than the CP 17 (19)% treated group (P<0.05). ME level of 3,100 (2,950), 3,150 (3,000), 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treatment groups in carcass rate and abdominal fat rate was not signficant difference and protein of 17 (19), 18 (20), 19 (21)% treatment groups after end of experiment. Between ME and CP of dietary was significant appeared to interact at 6~10 weeks (P<0.05).

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.73-85
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• 2004

Recently, as the growth of the wireless Internet, PDA and HPC, the focus of research and development related with GIS(Geographic Information System) has been changed to the Real-Time Mobile GIS to service LBS. To offer LBS efficiently, there must be the Real-Time GIS platform that can deal with dynamic status of moving objects and a location index which can deal with the characteristics of location data. Location data can use the same data type(e.g., point) of GIS, but the management of location data is very different. Therefore, in this paper, we studied the Real-Time Mobile GIS using the HBR-tree to manage mass of location data efficiently. The Real-Time Mobile GIS which is developed in this paper consists of the HBR-tree and the Real-Time GIS Platform HBR-tree. we proposed in this paper, is a combined index type of the R-tree and the spatial hash Although location data are updated frequently, update operations are done within the same hash table in the HBR-tree, so it costs less than other tree-based indexes Since the HBR-tree uses the same search mechanism of the R-tree, it is possible to search location data quickly. The Real-Time GIS platform consists of a Real-Time GIS engine that is extended from a main memory database system. a middleware which can transfer spatial, aspatial data to clients and receive location data from clients, and a mobile client which operates on the mobile devices. Especially, this paper described the performance evaluation conducted with practical tests if the HBR-tree and the Real-Time GIS engine respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.349-355
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to estimate effect of academic examination stress on taste perception and nutrient intakes in university students. Physical status, blood pressure, stress score using stress test of 2 types, recognition threshold and preference for taste, nutrient intakes using diet record method were measured before and after examination in 20 subjects. Mean age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 23.39$\pm$1.20 years, 164.56$\pm$7.99 cm, 60.66$\pm$13.23 kg, 22.28$\pm$4.56 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Stress scores before examination of the subjects were significantly higher than those after examination. There were no significant differences in blood pressure, pulse rate, recognition threshold and just right concentration for sweetness and saltness, and food and nutrient intakes between pre- and post-examination. There were significantly positive correlation between stress score and diastolic blood pressure. And threshold concentration for saltness was positively correlated with threshold concentration for sweetness and animal protein intake. These results show no effect of examination stress on taste perception and nutrient intakes in university students. This may be due to low level of stress. Therefore, it is needed to study about effect of more higher level of stress on taste perception and nutrient intakes.