• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2010

This study was undertaken to develop the scapulometer, a measuring tool for scapular winging, and to determine the reliability of scapulometer. Thirty subjects with scapular winging greater than 2 cm participated in this study. Two examiners measured scapular winging using the scapulometer. Standardized measurement position of each subject was as follows: neutral position of shoulder and wrist, $90^{\circ}$ flexion of elbow, and cuff weight of 5% and 10% of body weight (BW) to neutral wrist. The interrater and intrarater reliability were calculated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and standard error of measurement (SEM) at 5% BW and 10% BW. The level of scapular winging was tested between 5% BW and 10% BW with a paired t-test. The interrater reliability was shown to be high at 5% BW (ICC(2,k)=.955, 95% CI=.900~.979, SEM=.07) and at 10% BW (ICC(2,k)=.968, 95% CI=.930~.985, SEM=.06). The intrarater reliability was shown to be high at 5% BW (ICC(2,k)=.921, 95% CI=.842~.961, SEM=.09) and at 10% BW (ICC(2,k)=.906, 95% CI=.813~.954, SEM=.10). The level of scapular winging was significantly different between 5% BW and 10% BW. Conclusively, it is demonstrated that the scapulometer is an objective and qualitative measurement tool for scapular winging.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1194-1201
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• 2013

This paper introduces a vision-based automatic system (VAMS) for non-contact measurement of morphometric characteristics of flatfish, such as total length (TL), body width (BW), height (H), and weight (W). The H and W are simply measured by a laser displacement and a load cell, respectively. The TL and BW are measured by a proposed morphological image processing algorithm. The proposed algorithm cans measurement, when the tail of flatfish is deformed, and when it is randomly oriented. In the experiment, the average and maximum measurement errors were recorded, and standard deviations and coefficients of variation (CVs) for the measurements were calculated. From those results, when flatfish the TL measurements had an average of 266.844 mm, a standard deviation of 0.351 mm, a CV of 0.131%, and a maximum error of 0.87 mm with straightened flatfish ($TL_A$ : 267 mm, $BW_A$ : 141 mm), and when flatfish of different sizes were measured, the errors in the TL and BW measurements were both about 0.2 %. Using a single conveyor, the VAMS can process up to 900 fishes per hour. Moreover, it can measure morphometric characteristics of flatfish with a TL of up to 500 mm.

• 산업공학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

Normally, suppliers have to decide on what, how much, and when to replenish stocks of goods based on a data flow generated by a vendor managed inventory(VMI) system. But information from supply chain is often misleading. It is common for such data to be distorted by a lack of coordination and synchronization across several business entities managing different supply chain operations. This phenomenon is called the 'bullwhip effect(BwE)'. Many researchers, working over many years, have studied the reasons for the BwE. They have proposed various remedies, but this phenomenon persists. Though overlooked in previous research, this paper reveals that the 'lot size' of a supply chain of distribution is indeed the main cause of the BwE. In addition, some problems in the existing methods of measuring the BwE are identified and a revised much improved method of measurement is suggested.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.722-726
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• 2012

각 해역의 부유 플록은 그 해역의 조건에 따라 각기 다르게 형성된 플록이므로, 부유 플록 자체의 특성(결합강도, 밀도 및 크기 등)은 현장특성에 따라 현저하게 다른 "site-specific"한 특성을 가질 뿐만 아니라, 동일 해역이라 하더라도, 조류 등에 의한 유속변화에 따른 흐름전단응력의 증감에 따라 플록의 특성 또한 시간적으로 크게 변화할 수 있다. 이에 현장의 플록 특성이 반영된 부유플록의 침강속도를 산정하기 위해 입도 측정원리중 하나인 BW방법을 응용한 전북대 Owentube를 자체 제작하여 연구가 수행되었으며, 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 현장에서의 점착성 부유 플록의 침강속도 산정 결과는 향후 퇴적물 이송 및 수질 예측을 위한 수치모형 적용시에 필수적으로 요구되는 침강 및 퇴적특성 입력자료로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2012

To manage, sort, and grade fishery resources, it is necessary to measure their morphometric characteristics. This labor-intensive task involves performing repetitive operations on land and on a research vessel. To reduce the amount of labor required, a vision-based automatic measurement system (VAMS) for the measurement of morphometric characteristics of flatfish, such as total length (TL), body width (BW), and body height (BH), has been developed as part of a database management system for fishery resources management. This system can also measure the mass (M) of flatfish. In the present study, we describe a morphological image processing algorithm for the measurement of certain characteristics of flatfish. This algorithm, which involves preprocessing, edge pattern matching, and edge point detection, is effective in cases where the flatfish being measured has a deformed tail and is randomly oriented. The satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithm is also demonstrated by means of experiments involving the measurement of the BW, TL and BH of a flatfish when it is straightened (BW : 117mm, TL : 329mm, BH : 24.5mm), when its tail is deformed, and when it is randomly oriented.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and estimate timing of artificial insemination (AI) in Hanwoo heifer (Korean native cattle) that is the most popular breed of beef cattle in Korea. To determine changes in body weight of heifers around AI, body weight were measured at different stages either before or after AI. We found that daily body weight gain was higher in the pregnant cows after AI. We also investigate correlation between body mass measured by shoulder height and body length, and conception rates, used (body length+ height)2 instead of height2 for body mass index (BMI), and found that relatively more BMI heifers (>55) showed higher conception rates. Finally, we estimated body weight by measuring should height (SH), heart girth (HG), and body length (BL); $BW=3.93372^*HG-2.90985^*SH-0.021^*BL$. In addition, we observed that HG is most closely correlated with BW; $y(BW)=1.77355^*x(HG)$, $R^2=0.98881$. In summary, we can determine the best timing of AI using body measurement and its application including BMI.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 GPS용 마이크로스트립 패치안테나의 대역특성을 넓히기 위하여 $90^{\circ}$ 하이브리드를 적용한 2포트 급전을 제안한다. 패치는 정사각형 패치이며, 급전은 프로브 급전한다. $90^{\circ}$하이브리드 칩 소자 회로를 설계하고, $90^{\circ}$위상차가 나는 출력 포트를 패치안테나에 각각 공급한다. 설계된 패치와 $90^{\circ}$하이브리드 회로를 FR4 기판에 구현하고 이들을 결합한다. 구현된 안테나에 대한 정재파비 측정결과, 2:1 기준으로 29% BW (1,230~1,700 MHz)을 얻었으며, 축비 밴드폭은 3dB 기준 15.87% BW (1,400~1,650 MHz)의 광대역 특성을 얻었다. 이득은 중심 주파수에서 2.75dBi으로 측정되었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.765-768
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 GPS용 마이크로스트립 패치안테나의 대역특성을 넓이기 위하여 90도 하이브리드를 적용한 2포트 급전을 제안한다. 패치는 정사각형 패치이며, 급전은 프로브 급전한다. 90도 하이브리드 칩 소자 회로를 설계하고, 90도 위상차가 나는 출력 포트를 패치안테나에 각각 공급한다. 설계된 패치와 90도 하이브리드 회로를 FR4 기판에 구현하고 이들을 결합한다. 구현된 안테나에 대한 정재파비 측정결과, 2:1 기준으로 29 %BW(1,230~1,700 MHz)을 얻었으며, 축비는 3 dB 기준 15.87 %BW(1,400~1,650 MHz)을 얻었다. 무반사실에서 측정한 안테나의 최대이득은 GPS 중심주파수에서 2.75 dBi를 얻음으로써 실용화에 대한 가능성을 보였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the dose-response relationship between average daily cadmium dose (ADCD) from rice and the occurrence of urinary cadmium (U-Cd) in individuals eating that rice. This was a retrospective cohort designed to compare populations from two areas with different levels of cadmium contamination. Five-hundred and sixty-seven participants aged 18 years or older were interviewed to estimate their rice intake, and were assessed for U-Cd. The sources of consumed rice were sampled for cadmium measurement, from which the ADCD was estimated. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between ADCD and U-Cd (cut-off point at $2{\mu}g/g$ creatinine), and a correlation between them was established. The lowest estimate was $ADCD=0.5{\mu}g/kg\;bw/day$ [odds ratio (OR) = 1.71; with a 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.87]. For comparison, the relationship in the contaminated area is expressed by $ADCD=0.7{\mu}g/kg\;bw/day$, OR = 1.84; [95 % CI, 1.06-3.19], while no relationship was found in the non-contaminated area, meaning that the highest level at which this relationship does not exist is $ADCD=0.6{\mu}g/kg\;bw/day$ [95% CI, 0.99-2.95]. Rice, as a main staple food, is the most likely source of dietary cadmium. Abstaining from or limiting rice consumption, therefore, will increase the likelihood of maintaining U-Cd within the normal range. As the recommended maximum ADCD is not to exceed $0.6{\mu}g/kg\;bw/day$, the consumption of rice grown in cadmium-contaminated areas should not be more than 246.8 g/day. However, the exclusion of many edible plants grown in the contaminated area from the analysis might result in an estimated ADCD that does not reflect the true level of cadmium exposure among local people.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare vertical ground reaction forces during sit to stand (STS) and gait between female elderly and young individuals using the Wii Balance Board (WBB). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-one female elderly people (age: $75.18{\pm}4.60years$), and 13 young people (age: $29.85{\pm}3.69years$) performed the five times STS test and gait respectively on the WBB. We analyzed time (s), vertical peak (%), integral summation (Int_SUM, %), and counter variables (%) in STS and 1st peak (body weight, BW%), 2nd peak (BW%), peak minimum (BW%), time (second), center of pressure (COP) path length (mm), and Int_SUM (BW%) in gait. The independent t-test was used to assess for differences in STS, gait ability, and general characteristics between the female elderly group and young adults group. With the first and last trials excluded, the mean value was obtained from the middle three of the five trials. Results: During STS, Int_SUM and time of young adults were significantly less than of the female elderly subjects. There were no significant differences in peak and counter variables. In gait, all variables (1st peak, 2nd peak, min, time, COP_path, and Int_SUM) showed significant differences between groups (p<0.05). This study demonstrated that the validity of vertical ground reaction forces occurring during STS and gait was significant in female elderly and young adults. Conclusions: Based on the measurement of vertical ground reaction forces in STS and gait using the WBB, it is possible to clinically improve the quality of geriatric physical therapy. Further studies are necessary to examine concurrent validity of elderly patients who have undergone total hip or knee replacement.