• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2006

Purpose : Bee Venom Acupuncture(BVA) is known to affect inflammation and immune system. This study examined the macroscopic, hormonal and immunological effects of BVA on rats with surgically induced endometriosis. Methods : Endometrial tissue was implanted in the serosal wall of the small intestine in rats. The rats were divided randomly into an experimental and control group. The experimental group was treated with BVA injection on kwanwon(CV4) three times per week, and the control group was given an oral dose of normal saline every day. 6 weeks later, the size of the ectopic uterine tissue was estimated, and the serum progesterone, estradiol and cytokine($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-l0) concentrations were analyzed. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine implants in the experimental group was much smaller than that in the control group. The estradiol, IL-2 concentrations were significantly lower and the IL-6, IL-I0 concentrations were significantly higher in the serum of the experimental group than in the control group, there was no significant difference in the concentration of the other cytokine. Conclusion : These results suggest that BVA is an effective treatment for endometriosis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2006

Objective : This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Acupuncture, Bee Venom Acupuncture (BVA) and Bee Venom Herbal Acupuncture (BVHA) on post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. Methods : 30 patients were randomly allocated into Acupuncture group, BVA group and BVHA group and was monitored weekly for 4 weeks; initial($T_0$), 1 week($T_1$), 2 weeks($T_2$), 3 weeks($T_3$) and 4 weeks($T_4$). Results : Visual analogue scale of shoulder pain showed significant decrease in BVA and BVHA groups compared to the Acupuncture group at T4 evaluation. Painless passive ROM of shoulder external rotation and Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment of Upper Limb motor function showed significant increase in all groups. Modified Ashworth scale of the spasticity of upper limb showed no differences between the three groups. Conclusion : BVA & BVHA appears to be an effective in treating post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. Further clinical studies must be done to obtain more concrete findings.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2010

This study was carried out to estimate the range of the hip score with 3 radiographic evaluation techniques and to identify the relationship among these methods in 71 Sapsarees (35 males and 36 females). Mean age of dogs was ranged from 4 to 73 months (averaged $24{\pm}18$ months). Hip joints were evaluated with OFA method, BVA/KC scoring scheme, and $PennHIP^{(R)}$ method. Hip joints were graded by the OFA grading system(only used for dogs over 24 month old age). The 64 joints evaluated were graded as good (17.2%), fair (46.9%), mild dysplastic (12.5%), moderate dysplastic (7.8%), and severe dysplastic (15.6%), respectively. In BVA/KC scoring scheme, the mean score of the 86 joints was recorded as $14.5{\pm}12.8$ (range from 2 to 52). The mean of Norberg angle in the 78 joints was $92.5{\pm}8.5$ degree (ranged from 63 to 110.5 degree). In $PennHIP^{(R)}$ method on the 126 joints, the mean DI was resulted as $0.60{\pm}0.16$ (ranged from 0.08 to 1.0). BVA/KC scores were gradually increased with age, positively correlated with OFA grade (r = 0.92, P < 0.001), but inversely proportional to Norberg angle (r = -0.79, P < 0.001). However, there was no correlation between BVA/KC and DI (r = 0.11). It was suggested that Sapsarees have high prevalence of cannine hip dysplasia, so selective breeding among sapsarees having normal hip joints might be necessary for preventing or controlling hip dysplasia.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.155-165
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to carry out quantitative evaluation and safety of Bee Venom Acupuncture. Methods : Content analysis was done using HPLC, measurement of $LD_{50}$, and histological observations were made on the skin and muscles. Results : 1. According to HPLC analysis, each BVA-1 contained approximately $0.36{\mu}g$, and BVA-2 contained approximately $0.54{\mu}g$. But the volume of coating was so minute, slight difference exists between each needle. 2. LD50 of mouse with BVA-1 was 16 counts and this is equivalent to 640 needles/kg, making Bee Venom Acupuncture safe treatment apparatus. 3. Regardless of the number of needles, there was no sign of blood stasis or inflammation detected on the skin and muscle tissues. Conclusion : Above results indicate that the Bee Venom Acupuncture can complement shortcomings of syringe usage as a part of Oriental medicine treatment, but extensive researches should be done for further verification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.269-270
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• 2009

The biased vertical alignment (BVA) liquid crystal (LC) mode shows a has a distinct advantage of lower manufacture cost due to the elimination of a lithographic process step to form either ITO-patterning or protrusions on the color-filter substrates. However, those devices have complex voltage conditions which is the respective induce voltage on common electrode, pixel electrode and bias electrode when positive and negative frame. In order to overcome the complex voltage condition, the pretilt angles is controlled by photo polymerization of the UV-curable reactive mesogen (RM). According to our studies, voltages to the cell are critical to achieve an optimized surface-modified quality BVA (Q-BVA) mode which provides the well defined reorientation of the LCs with respect to an electric field.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

Methods : This study was conducted to carry out quantitative evaluation using HPLC Content analysis was done using HPLC Results : According to HPLC analysis, each BVA-1 contained approximately $0.36{\mu}g$ melittin, and BVA-2 contained approximately $0.54{\mu}g$ melittin. But the volume of coating was so minute, slight difference exists between each needle. Conclusions : Above results indicate that the bee venom acupuncture can complement shortcomings of syringe usage as a part of Oriental medicine treatment, but extensive researches should be done for further verification.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

목적 : 파킨슨 병은 기저핵 흑질의 치밀부에서 도파민성 신경세포의 퇴행으로 인하여 발생하는 질병으로 신경 염증이 주요 병인으로 밝혀져 있다. 이 연구는 MPTP 유발 파킨슨 병 동물 모델에서 신수혈($BL_{23}$)에 대한 봉독 약침의 항염증 효과 및 그 기전을 확인하기 위해 시행되었다. 방법 : $C57_{BL}$/6쥐를 무처치군, MPTP+saline군, MPTP+BVA(0.06mg/kg)군, MPTP+BVA(0.6mg/kg)군의 4군으로 나눈 뒤 무처치군을 제외한 모든 그룹에 총 8시간 동안 2시간 간격으로 MPTP-HCl(20mg/kg per dose$\times$4)을 복강내로 주입하였다. MPTP+BVA 군에서 봉독약침은 마지막 MPTP 주입 2시간 후부터 48시간 간격으로 신수혈($BL_{23}$)에 양측으로 각 20${\mu}\ell$씩 주입하였고 MPTP+saline군에서는 봉독약침 대신 Saline을 주입하였다. 마지막 MPTP 주입 후 7일째에 쥐의 뇌를 적출한 후 면역조직화학법을 시행하였다. 결과 : MPTP 유발 파킨슨 병 동물 모델에서 신수혈에 대한 봉독약침은 농도 의존적으로 TH-Immunoreactivity neuron의 감소와 microglial activation을 억제하였다. HSP70-IR neuron은 모든 군에서 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 봉독약침이 용량의존적으로 microglial activation을 억제하는 효과를 통해 도파민성 신경세포의 파괴를 억제함으로써 항염 효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이 결과는 봉독약침이 microglial activation 억제를 통해 임상적으로 파킨슨 병과 같은 신경 퇴행성 질병에 있어 유용한 치료수단이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.933-938
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• 2020

Brachiocephalic venous aneurysm (BVA) development is an extremely rare, particularly as a primary vascular disorder. BVAs may be misinterpreted as lymphadenopathies owing to the variable degrees of enhancement seen in imaging studies, especially among patients with underlying malignancy. We report a BVA that mimicked lymph node metastasis on CT in a 60-year-old female who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy for stomach cancer. After follow-up chest CT with different bolus times and Doppler ultrasonography, a venous aneurysm originating from the brachiocephalic vein was diagnosed. We emphasize that, to make an accurate diagnosis, physicians should be aware of the potential diagnostic pitfalls and have a high index of suspicion for BVA when encountering certain lesions in the cervical area.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

Objective : This study was to review on the prostate disease-related studies with Acupuncture therapy in renowned medical internet site of PubMed, and to make master plan of the study, especially, on Bee Venom Acupuncture(BVA) of Prostate disease and then to devise the idealistic therapeutic ways of it. Method : We made the internet search with the key words of bee venom(bee venom therapy, apitoxin, apitherapy, bee sting, bee sting therapy), acupuncture, prostate, prostatitis, prostrate cancer in Pubmed, from June 1st to July 1st,2004. Results : 1.25 papers were found in 19 publised jounals. of which two named'Urology'and Prostate' had three papars, two called 'JUrology' and 'Cancer Immunol Immunother' had two papers, and the others had a paper respectively. 2. In the classification by papers' types, Review papers were 8 and Original were 17 where there were 5 clinical trials, 11 experimental studies and 1 epidemiologic paper. Of 5 clinical trials, 2 belonged to Randomized Control Study, and of 11 experimental studies, 4 belonged to in vitro and 7 belonged to in vivo with in viro studies, and 1 epidemeologic belonged to meta-analysis. 3. In the classification by prostate diseases, 4 were about prostatitis, 3 were about prostate related symptoms, 16 were about prostate cancer, and two were about the others. 4. In the classification by applied treatment methods, 5 were related with Acupuncture, 10 were related with BVA(Bee Venom, Bee), and 10 were related with the others. Of 5 related with Acupuncture, 3 used general acupuncture, 1 used electrical acupuncture, and 1 used general acupuncture and electrical acupuncture at the same time. 5. In 2 RCTs of Clinical trials, Control group was set up to the group using different compatible treatment method or using meridians not related with treating prostate disease. Single or double blind methods couldn't be found. 6. In the clinical trials, IPSS, NIH, CPSI or subjective global assessment were used as the Index of Evaluation. 7. The Leg Greater Yang Bladder Meridian(B), The Leg Lesser Um Kidney Meridian(K) and Conception Vessel Meridian(CV) were used as major meridians, and B10(Taejo, Dazhu), B23(Shinsu, Shenshu), B28(Panggwangsu, Pangguangshu), B35(Hoeyang, Huiyang), B39(Wiyang, Weiyang), B40(Wijung, Weizhong), B54(chilbyon, Zhibian), K1(Yongchon, Yongquan), K10(Umgok, Yingu), CV3(Chungguk, Zhongji), CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan),S6(Hyopko, Jiache) were used as acupoints. Electrical acupuncture(EA) was considered to be more important and CV3(Chungguk, Zhongji), CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan) were mainly selected as EA applied acupoints. 8. It is mostly said that Acupuncture appeared to be a safe, effective, and durable treatment alternative in improving symptoms of patients with prostate diseases, refractory to conventional medicine. A larger controlled study was required to confirm these encouraging initial results. Conclusion : Papers about BVA of Prostate cancer or Prostatitis were not found, and low permeability of Prostate is concerned, BVA with the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect can be adopted as a new alternatives of Prostate disease treatment, so it is thought that Study of how to make access to prostate, animal experiment including in vivo and in vitro and more clinical trials with using acupoints on related meridian should be followed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this systematic review was to overview and evaluate the current state of the usage of bee venom acupuncture. Methods : We collected 173 articles on bee venom acupuncture(BVA) clinical study from eight electronic databases from January 2002 to June 2013. Results : BVA was used in musculoskeletal diseases for 66 %, and the chosen acupoints were various. The ratio of the reports which had collected below 10 cases was 43 %. The concomitant treatment and evaluation tools showed diversity in each article. Conclusions : Bee venom clinical study shows the lack of unity and consistent regulation, and has low clinical cases. Future studies should correct these limits and promote more varied research to develop the therapy of bee venom acupuncture.