• 제목/요약/키워드: BU

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Comparative Analysis of Forecasted and Measured Traffic Demand for Gyung-bu High Speed Railway (경부고속철도 수송수요의 예측치와 실측치의 비교분석)

  • Oh In-Tack
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.889-896
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    • 2005
  • While a year and a half has been passed since the launch of KTX service, traffic volume of Gyung-bu High Speed Railway is still much lower than the forecasted value. This situation has been badly affecting not only Korail's financial status but also KRNA's general railway construction projects as general public responds negatively to such projects as New Ho-nam Line Construction. This paper outlines traffic volume forecasting methodologies applied to construction of Gyung-bu High Speed Railway, identifies major causes of forecasting deviations. and finally extracts problems through comparison between the forecasted results and actual traffic volume.

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Thexylalkoxyborane as Hydroborating Agent for Alkenes and Alkynes

  • 차진순;서원우;김종미;권오운
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제17권10호
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    • pp.892-899
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    • 1996
  • In order to elucidate the effect of alkoxy substituent in thexylborane and hence establish their usefulness as hydroborating agent, reactions of alkenes and alkynes with thexylalkoxyborane (ThxBHOR; R=Et, i-Pr, i-Bu, sec-Bu, t-Bu, Ph) were investigated in detail. The reagents readily hydroborated alkenes and alkynes of various structural types at 25 ℃ in excellent regioselectivity. The selectivity increases consistently with increasing steric size of alkoxy substituent. Especially, the selectivity achieved by the sec-butoxy derivative is comparable to that previously achieved by thexylhaloborane-methyl sulfide (ThxBHX·SMe2), the most selective hydroborating agent known.

Molecular Modeling of Complexation Behavior of p-tert-Butylcalix[5]arene Derivative toward Butylammonium Ions

  • Choe, Jong-In;Chang, Suk-Kyu
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.48-52
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    • 2002
  • Using several molecular modeling programs we have performed computer simulations to investigate the complexation behaviors of an ester derivative of p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene (1e) toward a variety of butylammonium ions. Semi-empirical AM1 method was used for calculating the binding energies and the formation enthalpies. MM and CVFF forcefields for molecular mechanics calculations were adapted to express the complexation energies of the host. Molecular dynamics were performed to the calculated complex systems to simulate the ionophoric behavior of the host-guest complexes. The absolute Gibbs free energies of the host (1e) complexed with four kinds of butylammonium ions have been calculated using the Finite Difference Thermodynamic Integration (FDTI) method in Discover. Calculation results show that the trend in complex formation is n-$BuNH_3^+$ > iso-$BuNH_3^+$ >> sec-$BuNH_3^+$ > tert-$BuNH_3^+$, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.

A Green Protocol for the Bromination and Iodination of the Aromatic Compounds using H5IO6/NaBr and H5IO6/NaI in the Water

  • Yousefi-Seyf, Jaber;Tajeian, Kazem;Kolvari, Eskandar;Koukabi, Nadiya;Khazaei, Ardeshir;Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제33권8호
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    • pp.2619-2622
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    • 2012
  • Bromination and iodination of the aromatic compounds have efficiently been carried out at room temperature and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively, in short reaction times using orthoperiodic acid/sodium bromide (1:2) and orthoperiodic acid/sodium iodide (1:2) in water to prepare the corresponding halo compounds with excellent yields.

DC Bus Communication Strategy for DC Microgird Using Pulse Frequency Modulation of Power Converter (DC 마이크로 그리드를 위한 컨버터 주파수 변동 제어 전략)

  • Choi, Hyun-Jun;Lee, Won-bin;Jung, Jee-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 전력전자학회 2016년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.207-208
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문에서는 DC 마이크로그리드(MG) 동작의 신뢰성 및 안정성을 향상시키기 위하여, 주파수 변동을 이용한 새로운 DC bus signaling (DBS) 전략을 제안하고자 한다. 제안한 DBS의 경우 스위칭 리플을 사용하여, DC 버스를 통해 연결된 컨버터 등의 소자가 현재 DC bus의 전력에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. DC bus의 전력의 정보는 소비와 생산에 대한 DC bus의 밸런스를 맞추기 위해 사용되고, 이를 통해 각각의 컨버터 동작 영역이 상황에 따라 자동적으로 결정되고, 궁극적으로 자율화 시스템을 구현할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서는 DC bus에 나타나는 주파수 성분의 분석 및 변동 전략에 대해 기술하고, 시뮬레이션 및 실험 결과를 통해 제안하고자 하는 알고리즘이 Power Line Communication (PLC) 으로의 가능성과 타당성을 점검하고자 한다.

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Apply a Static Shared Key to Authorizing LBU of HMIPv6 (Static Shared Key를 적용한 HMIPv6 LBU 인증)

  • Kim, Bo-Mi;Kim, Tae-Eun;Ju, So-Jin;Jun, Moon-Seog
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 한국정보과학회 2006년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.33 No.2 (C)
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    • pp.483-487
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    • 2006
  • 단말의 이동성을 지원하는 Mobile IP에서 MN이 홈 네트워크에서 먼 곳으로 이동하는 경우, 매번 BU 시그널링을 하게 되면 Registration latency가 길어져, 이로 인해 불필요한 네트워크 트래픽을 유발한다. 따라서 계층을 두어 지역적인 이동성을 관리하는 MAP을 도입한 HMIPv6가 제안되었다. HMIPv6는 지역적인 LCoA와 외부에 노출되는 RCoA를 가진다. Mobile IP 환경에서의 BU메시지 취약성은 보안이슈가 되어왔으며, HMIPv6은 두 개의 CoA를 가지므로 보안위협은 배가된다. 본 논문에서는 Static Shared Key를 사용하여 HMIPv6의 LCoA BU 시그널링 관련 메시지의 인증을 제안함으로써 Mobile WG에서 제기된 BU 시그널링의 보안 취약성을 개선하였다.

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A Selective MAP Registration Algorithm based on the Mobile Speed (이동노드의 속도를 고려한 선택적 MAP 등록 기법)

  • Lee, Woo-Yeob;Joe, In-Whee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 한국정보과학회 2008년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.35 No.1 (D)
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    • pp.141-144
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    • 2008
  • 기존의 네트워크 환경에 이동성을 지원하기 위하여 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)에서는 Mobile IP(MIP)와 Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)를 순차적으로 제안하였다. 그러나 MIP나 MIPv6는 유저가 요구하는 이동성을 지원하기에 많은 문제점을 나타내었고 이런 문제를 해결하기위해 Hierarchical MIPv6(HMIPv6)를 제안하였다. HMIPv6는 Home Agent (HA)를 향한 Binding Update (BU)를 줄이기 위해 Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) 라는 새로운 개념을 제안했다. 그러나 HMIPv6 역시 이동노드가 빠르게 이동하는 환경에서는 잦은 MAP BU로 인해 큰 오버헤드가 발생하는 문제점이 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 HMIPv6 환경에서 노드가 빠르게 이동할 때 발생하는 불필요한 MAP BU를 줄이기 위한 선택적 MAP 등록 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 기존에 제안되었던 계층적인 MAP 선택 기법들과는 다르게 상황에 따라 불필요한 MAP BU를 회피하는데서 차별성을 갖는다. 또한 OPNET을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 HMIPv6에 비해 제안된 기법의 성능을 비교한다.

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Inhibitory Effects of the Stem Bark of Albizia julibrissin on Catecholamine Biosynthesis in PC12 Cells

  • Lee, Myung-Koo
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.155-158
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    • 1996
  • The methanol extract of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz. (Leguminosae) was successively partitioned into dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol (BuOH) and water fractions, and the effects of the each solvent extract on catecholamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells were investigated. Among them, the BuOH fraction $(5{\mu}g/ml\;medium)$ showed 68.8% and 63.6% inhibition on dopamine and norepinephrine content in PC12 cells, respectively. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was also reduced markedly by treatment of the BuOH fraction (41.8% inhibition at $5{\mu}g/ml$ in the medium). Each solvent fraction did not show cytotoxicity towards PC12 cells by trypan blue exclusion test. This result suggests that the BuOH fraction has an inhibitory effect on catecholamine biosynthesis by reducing TH activity in PC12 cells.

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Coupling Reaction of CO2 with Epoxides by Binary Catalytic System of Lewis Acids and Onium Salts

  • Bok, Taekki;Noh, Eun Kyung;Lee, Bun Yeoul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제27권8호
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    • pp.1171-1174
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    • 2006
  • Various off-the-shelf Lewis acids in conjunction with various onium salts are screened for coupling reaction of $CO_2$ with epoxides. Among the tested ones, $VCl_3/n-Bu_4NOAc$, $VCl_3/(n-Bu_4NCl$ or PPNCl), $FeCl_3/ n-Bu_4NOAc$, and $FeCl_3/ n-Bu_4NOAc$are proved to be highly active. Propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide, and cyclohexene oxide can be converted over 90% yields to the corresponding cyclic carbonates without the use of organic solvents under mild conditions by 0.1-1.0 mol% catalyst charge.