• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2020

Tropicália, which marked the beginning of Brazilian Popular Music (MPB), is a musical genre that originated in the Brazilian cultural movement and this arose in the late 1960s. The musicians who participated in this cultural movement delivered radical innovation by embracing the international music trend of the 60s, such as the Beatles phenomenon and the experimental and creative music of the electronic age. The music derived from this era incorporated the cannibalism of the Brazilian modernism cultural movement in the 1920s, and it presented a cultural consilience while maintaining the traditional Brazilian culture. In particular, the convergence of Tropicália with rock was especially prominent. As rock grew into the culture of resistance in both Britain and the United States, the convergent characteristic of Tropicália reflected the critical sociocultural view toward Brazil at that time. This paper focuses on the element of fusion of traditional Brazilian music and the rock music present in Tropicália. To present a case study, this paper selected music pieces by Caetano Veloso, the essential pillar of Tropicália, and examined each element through specific music analysis. This study aims to establish an academic foundation for third-world music and contributes to the development and creation of fusion music.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.155-180
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• 2009

This study is to estimate and compare hedging effectiveness in emerging currency and advanced currency futures markets. Emerging currency futures includes Korea won, Mexico peso, and Brazil real and advanced currency futures is Europe euro, British pound, and Japan yen. Hedging effectiveness is measured by comparing hedging performance of the naive hedge model, OLS model, error correction model and constant condintional correlation bivariate GARCH(1, 1) hedge model based on rolling windows. Analysis data is used daily spot and futures rates from January, 2, 2001 to March. 10, 2006. The empirical results are summarized as follows : First, irrespective of hedging period and model, hedging using Korea won/dollar futures reduces spot rate's volatility risk by 97%. Second, Korea won/dollar futures market produces the best hedging performance in emerging and advanced currency futures markets, i.e. Mexico peso, Brazil real, Europe euro, British pound, and Japan yen. Third, there are no difference of hedging effectiveness among hedging models.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-119
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• 1975

Imported seaweeds Gracilaria sp. and Gelidium sp. from the Philippines and Gracilaria sp. from Brazil were subjected to the examination of yield and quality of agar according to various pretreatment conditions. As pretreatment condition for alkali-treated Gracilaria sp. from the Philippines, $0.05{\sim}0.1%$ concentration of sulfuric acid was proper to obtain the higher yield of agar for which a reverse proportionality was shown between the acid concentration and the strength of extraction condition. Highest yield from Gelidium sp. from the Philippines was obtained by pretreating with 5% sodium hydroxide at $90^{\circ}C$ for one hour, followed by 0.1% sulfuric acid treatment. Gracilaria sp. from Brazil gave the highest yield of agar by pretreatments with 1% sodium hydroxide followed by 0.05% sulfuric acid, both at room temperature for one hour. Acid treatment of alkali-treated Gracilaria sp. from the Philippines brought about the decrease of total nitrogen, total sulfur and crude ash, the increase of jelly strength and no marked change in gelation point and gelation ability. In general, acid-treatment conditions to give rise to high yield of agar improved the quality of product.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2000

In this study tree plantation planning for the plantation blocks of Eucalyptus species was constructed in order to apply to the two farms Jangada and Jamaica, where are located in the western district of the state Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. At first the satellite photo was analyzed for the land use classification and the forest ecosystem was classified with GIS technique, and then on the basis of this result the planting available area was accounted for the two farms. According to the request of the land owner the planting planning was established for the planting available area for 3 years. The total area for the two farms is 5,301 ha, and the planting available area is estimated to be 3,913ha(74%). The rest area is 1,388ha(26%), and should be classified to the permanent legal reserve forest area. In order to minimize the soil loss and the erosion, the planting blocks were divided according to the parallel to the contour line： for the first planing year the plantation area was divided to the 27 blocks and the total area was 1,308ha, for the second planing year the area also divided to 27 blocks(1,327.4ha) and for the third planning year 30 blocks divided (1276.5).

• Iberoamérica
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-105
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• 2019

This paper deals with the regional asymmetries of MERCOSUR and regional development cooperation for its solution. Through the formation of a common market, the countries of Southern Cone expected to grow evenly. However MERCOSUR had structural asymmetry from the beginning and exposed policy asymmetry over time. It is basically due to the overwhelming influences of Brazil on MERCOSUR. With regard to asymmetries, Paraguay calls for special and differential treatment. Uruguay wants equitable application of market liberalization. Argentine emphasizes production integration based on the development of value chains. In the issue of asymmetries, while Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentine act as petitioners, Brazil is capable of selecting the initiatives. Under these circumstances MERCOSUR has established FOCEM as regional redistribution mechanism. FOCEM has achieved some results as seen in Paraguay, but there are still problems such as financial limitations and lack of enforcement. In oder to activate the redistributive mechanism for regional integration and to coordinate the policies to resolve regional disparities, transnational governance is essential but all member countries are reluctant to it. To date, regional asymmetries or development gaps have persisted and disparities in individual countries remains a problem.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

A semi-submersible drilling rig is regarded as one of the typical offshore structures operated in the field with moderate environments such as the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, and West Africa. Its typical roll and pitch natural periods are around 30 seconds, which avoids prevailing regions of the wave energy spectrum, and their responses in waves are quite acceptable for common operation conditions. But large roll and pitch motions can be induced by wave difference frequency energy spectrum if the metacentric heights of a semi-submersible decrease to small values in some loading conditions, and it is because the roll and pitch natural periods increase and approach to the region where the spectral density of the low frequency wave drift moment has significant value. This paper describes the low frequency roll motion of a semi-submersible that are excited by the wave 2nd order difference frequency energy by a series of model experiments. From the model tests with several different initial metacentric heights (GM), it was observed that a semi-submersible can experience large roll motion due to the wave group spectrum.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2003

The preliminary results of the study on the physics of rain using disdrometer data are shown for an area located on the northern coastal board of Macei${\acute{o}}$, Alagoas (9$^{\circ}$33'17.24' and 35$^{\circ}$46'54.84' W), at approximately 80 meters above the sea level. The data were obtained during January 2002 using a disdrometer RD-69 (Joss-Waldvogel). After definining the criteria for determining rain type (convective and stratiform), a set of Z-R pairs was analyzed for estimating the Z-R relation for each rain type. The results were quite similar to those for other regions of the globe. This preliminary analysis will be used to study the structure of rain with the meteorological radar as well as to permit a better understanding of the physics of tropical rain.

• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2017

The genera Hypnea and Calliblepharis of the family Cystocloniaceae are discriminated by their female reproductive structure, especially in the formation of carposporangia and gonimoblasts. Hypnea saidana, once classified based on obsolete evidence, has not been studied phylogenetically using molecular analysis and detailed reproductive structure though it shares many morphologic features with the genus Calliblepharis. To provide better understanding of generic relationship of H. saidana with Hypnea and Calliblepharis, we carried out molecular analyses using the nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU) and chloroplast-encoded large subunit of the RuBisCO (rbcL), and exact morphological observations focusing on the reproductive structures of wild specimens. Our molecular phylogeny showed that H. saidana is closely related to Calliblepharis, but distinct from the clade of Hypnea. Female reproductive structure of H. saidana characterized by upwardly developing chains of carposporangia, central reticulum of cell, and gonimoblast filaments not connected to the pericarp provides definite evidence to assign the taxonomic position of this species to Calliblepharis. Based on our combined molecular and morphological analyses, we have proposed Calliblepharis saidana comb. nov., expanding the distribution of Calliblepharis habitat from the eastern Atlantic South Africa, the northern Indian Ocean, Australasia, and Brazil to the western Pacific Ocean.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.447-456
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• 2020

Peanut is an allotetraploid derived from a single recent polyploidization. Polyploidization has been reported to have caused significant loss in genetic diversity during the domestication of cultivated peanuts. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based markers such as cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) derived from next-generation sequencing (NGS) have been developed and widely applied for breeding and genetic research in peanuts. This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity and population structure using 30 CAPS markers and 96 peanut accessions from five different origins. High genetic dissimilarities were detected between the accessions from Korea and those from the other three South American origins generally regarded as the origin of peanuts, while the accessions from Brazil and Argentina presented the lowest genetic dissimilarity. Based on the results of the present study, accessions from Korea have unique genetic variation compared to those from other countries, while accessions from the other four origins are closely related. Our study identified the genetic differentiation in 96 peanut accessions from five different origins, and this study also showed the successful application of SNP information derived from re-sequencing based on NGS technology.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-74
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• 2015

Nutria(Myocastor coypus) is one of the most notorious invasive species in many countries. The Nutria's original range was South America like Brazil, Chile and Argentina. But it has been introduced to North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia including Korea, by fur ranchers. Like most invasive and disturbing species, nutria not only destroys habitats but also impacts many native species throughout most of its range with destructive feeding behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamics of survival mechanism, population increase and spatial distribution, and eradication effect of Nutria on Nakdong River Area with the systems thinking. The result of this study revealed that Nutria can survive during winter with the behavior that the colder the winter was, the more deeply it burrowed. Further, the study uncovered the dynamics that nutria has survived more and more strongly during the extreme cold winter in almost every region and their population has increased dramatically as a result of the uncontrolled reproduction. Finally, the result showed that the action delay in eradicating Nutria, which was originated from the information delay of perception of nutria's survival and reproduction structure, reinforced the spread of Nutria across the nation.