• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.83-95
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• 2019

In order to promote the domestic aircraft manufacturing industry, this study analyzed the limitations of the preceding study on the WTO dispute concerning civil aircraft by summarizing the latest developments and issues in the mid-range aircraft dispute between Brazil and Canada and the large civil aircraft dispute between the United States and the EU. Based on the results of the study, we should look closely at WTO regulations and existing cases of disputes to find maximum support measures, and we believe that in order to stimulate the domestic aircraft manufacturing industry, we should refrain from publicly specifying support measures in the data, such as laws and policies, utilize the WTO SCM Agreement exceptions, and strengthen links with international cooperation and other industries.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.373-386
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• 2020

Fish-borne heterophyid trematodes are known to have a zoonotic potential, since at least 30 species are able to infect humans worldwide, with a global infection of around 7 million people. In this paper, a 'state-of-the-art' review of the South American heterophyid species is provided, including classical and molecular taxonomy, parasite ecology, host-parasite interaction studies and a list of species and their hosts. There is still a lack of information on human infections in South America with undetected or unreported infections probably due to the information shortage and little attention by physicians to these small intestinal flukes. Molecular tools for specific diagnoses of South American heterophyid species are still to be defined. Additional new sequences of Pygidiopsis macrostomum, Ascocotyle pindoramensis and Ascocotyle longa from Brazil are also provided.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.368-370
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• 2005

Citronellyl valerate was synthesized by a lipase from a Rhizopus sp strain isolated and the lipase produced, at UNICAMP, Brazil. Direct esterification was performed in a solvent-free medium to produce the flavor ester. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process with respect to the substrate molar ratio and lipase concentration. The results show that the synthesis of citronellyl valerate can be carried out in a solvent-free medium, the maximum ester conversion rate achieved being 91.5% after 48 hours of reaction time.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

The construction field must always explore sustainable ways of using its raw materials. Studying the environmental impact generated by reinforced concrete raw materials during their production and transportation can contribute to reducing this impact. This paper initially presents the carbon dioxide emissions from reinforced concrete raw materials, quantified per kilo of raw material and per cubic meter of concrete with different characteristic strengths, for southern Brazil. Subsequently, reinforced concrete elements were optimized to minimize their environmental impact and cost. It was observed that lower values of carbon dioxide emissions and cost savings are generated for less resistant concrete when the structural element is a beam, and that reductions in the cross section dimensions of the beams, sized based on the use of higher strength concrete, may not compensate for the increased environmental impact and costs. For the columns, the behavior differed, presenting lower values of carbon dioxide emissions and costs for higher concrete strengths. The proposed methodology, as well as the results obtained, can be used to support structural projects that have less impact on the environment.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2019

We have conducted faunistic study of sea lice collected from marine plankton samples of western and southern coasts of Korea. These specimens were identified as Caligus undulatus Shen and Li, 1959, belonging to family Caligidae and order Siphonostomatoida with worldwide distribution. The range extension of C. undulatus is reported in addition to the previously known distributional range from the Northwest Pacific (China, Japan, and Korea), India, Brazil, and Mexico. This species can be distinguished from all previous reports with characteristics such as overall body proportions of both sexes, structure details of mouth appendages, armature of legs, and some variation in body size. The distributional range of C. undulatus is now given with its northern and south hemisphere limit being 40 to $10^{\circ}N$ in the Indo-Pacific and $30^{\circ}S$ in the Southwest Atlantic. This is the first record of its female occurring in Korea.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.82-96
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• 2018

This paper discussed the application process of the Dot Idea program. The Dot Idea program is an incubation and open innovation program co-created by Unitec, an incubator at Tecnosinos Tech Park, and an SAP innovation team. The main objective of this study was to cover an existing gap in the literature regarding the practical application of an open innovation methodology. Many companies seek interaction with external parties to enable advancement toward identified innovation opportunities. Technology clusters, parks, and incubators have played an important role in promoting connections and interaction. Consequently, the Dot Idea program emerged as a result of a joint effort to create a program using a design science research methodology aiming to foster new businesses and strengthen Brazil and Latin America as a hub to develop new solutions for traditional organizations. In regards to lessons learned, the Dot.health trial had some success but also experienced difficulties; these related to the relationships between startups and a hospital's internal teams, and startups' needs to be funded from the beginning in order to be fully dedicated to a project.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2019

There are many countries having a long history of exotic tree introduction from different countries and several countries including New Zealand, Brazil and Hungary have successfully introduced exotic trees. Korea's tree breeding program for introduction of exotic tree was originally started from 1924. Records reveal that hundreds of tree species were introduced from many countries and tested their germination and viability. About 415 introductions were eliminated since they had been introduced and tested. Subsequently, seven exotic trees that proved successful in trials and plantations have planted for afforestation. Simultaneously, several promising exotic trees are still under the test. In this paper, we will succinctly review and evaluate their comparative growth performance of the exotic trees in the plantation programs of the country to coping with climate change.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.43.4-43.4
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• 2018

As of July 24th 208, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) has entered into a formal partnership with the Gemini Observatory. The Gemini Observatory has been operated by Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) on behalf of the International Partnership that includes Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, United States, and Korea as the new partner country. Effective from the 209A Call for Proposals (CfP), any researchers affiliated with Korean institutes are eligible to apply for various observing opportunities in both hemispheres covered by Gemini North in Hawaii and by Gemini South in Chile. We are going to share the importance and long-term perspectives of the KASI-Gemini Partnership in the context of the next decade of Korean optical astronomy researches.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper attempts to provide an understanding of practice of franchising in eight countries - USA, UK, Australia, Brazil, China, Malaysia, South Africa and Nigeria. The bases of the review are: number of systems and outlets, employment generation, annual turnover, GDP contribution, legal and regulatory frameworks and country-specific franchise business practice nuances. Research design, data and methodology - the paper is descriptive, highlighting elements of the business practice that distinguish one country from another. Documentary data - mainly industry publications supplemented by empirical literature - was used for the review. Result - Although there are commonalities in the technical design and implementation of franchise business practice - especially the business model type - differences exist in terms of legal and regulatory frameworks guiding the industry across the eight countries studied. Conclusion - There are no two countries that have the same franchise practices. Franchise markets in the developed, and to some extent, the emerging economies have saturated. Franchise markets in African countries are at infant stage and thus, these countries are strategizing to attract foreign brands into their domains.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-56
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• 2021

The Amazon fires in summer 2019 triggered an incendiary Twitter debate between French president Emmanuel Macron and Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro that engaged political leaders, celebrities, and audiences worldwide. Currently, diplomats-in-chief connect to the global public through completely open debates, often without proper advice from foreign-affairs ministers, which may result in misunderstandings and conflicts among world leaders. Hence, this study argues that these interactions must be supported by Nicholas Cull's seven lessons in public diplomacy. The main topic on hand is presidential public diplomacy performed through digital means in cyberspace. Thus, after distinguishing cyberspace, digital diplomacy, and cyberdiplomacy, the literature review focuses on presidential public diplomacy, presidential diplomacy on Twitter, and Cull's seven lessons. Subsequently, the case study method provides a snapshot of the debate between Macron and Bolsonaro over the Amazon fires. This study concludes by answering the research question and indicating grist for the mill with regard to future developments.