• 무역상무연구
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• 제51권
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• pp.391-414
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• 2011

The advance into the overseas markets of domestic enterprises has been increasing continuously. Brazil, for domestic companies, has been emerging as the huge potential country in the development of markets and resources. According to the reports from World Bank and Brazil government, one of the biggest difficulties of businesses in Brazil for foreign enterprises is the lack of Transportation Infrastructure and high logistics costs. However, until now, there is no professional institute and systematic DB in Korea to provide the overall information of Brazil logistics or details oriented to enterprises' needs; furthermore, enterprises have the difficulties to gather or investigation the logistics information by themselves due to the constraints of language and budget. For these reasons, with the latest data, this study reviews the overall information of Brazil logistics environment and provides the status of Brazil logistics that is necessary for enterprises to advance into Brazil market. Also, this explains the reason for why Brazil has such a high logistics cost with the objective data. In addition, this paper carried out the benchmarking case study as an example of logistics strategy and plan in Brazil. This study can contribute to serve as useful information for domestic enterprises which planning or doing business in Brazil.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-55
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• 2019

브라질에서는 인종에 대한 명확한 개념의 규정이 존재하지 않으면서도 인종차별주의가 존재한다. 즉 명확한 인종의 개념이 없이 인종주의는 존재하기 때문에, 브라질에서 인종문제는 복잡하다고 하겠다. 인종주의는 단순한 사회적 문제가 아니다. 그것은 무엇보다도 경제적 분리, 배제, 주변화 등으로 나타나는 정치적 문제이다. 유럽 식민주의 확대 과정에서부터 인종주의는 브라질의 사회적, 물질적, 심리적, 정치적 지배의 가장 뿌리 깊고 효율적인 통치방식이었다. 이런 관점에서 본 연구는 인종의 정치로서 브라질의 인종주의에 대해 연구하려 한다. 결론적으로 브라질에는 인종에 따른 인종 차별과 인종불평등이 존재한다는 것이다. 이에 따라, 브라질에는 인종에 따른 인종차별과 인종불평등이 존재한다는 것을 연구하기 위해, 제2장은 브라질에서 인종정치의 기원을 살펴본다. 제3장에서는 브라질 사회와 인종에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 제4장은 브라질의 흑인운동으로서 인종주의에 대한 흑인의 저항을 살펴본다. 제5장의 전반부는 '브라질의 인종불평등'을 살펴보고, 후반부는 '브라질의 인종차별'에 대해 살펴보려 한다. 제6장은 결론부분으로서 브라질의 인종정치의 도전과 한계는 무엇인지 논의하려 한다.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.37-64
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• 2009

This article offers a new perspective on the maroon state of Palmares in Brazil. The present essay gives a viewpoint of decolonization in colonial period, describing decolonial aspect and Afro-Brazilian aspect of the history of Palmares. In aspects of Afro-Brazilian, the quilombo of Palmares is resistance and decoloniality of african colonialization in America and Brazil. The Quilombism was born out of quilombo model of economics and politics, in which they exercised rational productions and political system. The purpose is to review and expand upon the historical and cultural context of Palmares and on the aspect for decolonial strategies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.555-559
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• 1993

Studies at freezing point depression (FPD) for goat milk are described in this paper. The 432 samples of raw goat milk collected in a period of two years and analysed by the use of an electronic cryoscope gave a mean value of FPD: $-0.565{\pm}0.01^{\circ}C$. Statistical significant differences were found between the morning and evening milk. The evening milk showed better quality considering the lactose and others dissolved solutes. Among the Brown, Saanen and Anglo-nubian goats, the greatest increase in FPD, occurred in the Anglo-nubian breed. The statistical analysis revealed a significant breed difference (p<0.05), when climate variation was observed. The superior and inferior values found to the FPD of the caprine milk (-0.545 to $-0.585^{\circ}C$), is important in establishing regional rules, to improve the quality control criteria and legal interpretation of standards found in the pertinent legislation. The results are also important to improve herd management so that one can increase the animal production which will affect the technological composition, and the nutritional characteristics of the resultant products.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.549-557
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 각 대륙을 대표하는 한국, 캐나다, 브라질, 영국, 호주의 수출물량지수를 활용하여 한국과의 동행성과 변동성을 파악하는데 있다. 분석기간은 1990년부터 2017년까지 총 28년간 연간자료를 사용하여 지표분석과 수치분석, 모형분석 등을 수행하였다. 상관분석에서 한국은 캐나다, 영국, 브라질 순으로 높은 상관 관계를 보였으나 호주와는 거의 무관한 관계로 나타났다. 회귀분석의 Coefficient에서 브라질, 캐나다, 영국은 종속변수 한국과 양(+)의 방향으로 움직이고 있으나 호주와는 거의 영향을 받지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 한국의 수출물량을 증가시키기 위해서는 새로운 시장으로 부각되고 있는 호주, 브라질, 인도, 베트남, 싱가포르 등에 대한 지속적인 관심이 필요해 보인다. 본 연구에서는 캐나다, 영국, 브라질, 호주를 연구대상 국가로 선정하였지만 향후 더 다양한 국가를 선정하여 분석한다면 객관적이고 신뢰성 높은 자료가 산출될 것으로 기대한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.507-511
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• 2014

Outbreaks of tick-borne disease cases in Santa Catarina, Brazil are known, but the presence of the pathogen DNA has never been determined. In this study, the first survey of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis DNA on blood samples of 33 cattle from an outbreak in Ponte Alta Municipality, Santa Catarina, Brazil, has been carried out. A multiplex PCR detected 54.5% of animals were co-infected with 2 or 3 parasites, while 24.2% were infected with only 1 species. The most prevalent agent was B. bigemina (63.6%) followed by A. marginale (60.6%). This is the first report of tick-borne disease pathogens obtained by DNA analysis in Southern Brazil.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2014

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa - Lecythidaceae) is considered a product with high economic value, being a food widely appreciated for its nutritional qualities. Although previous studies have reported the biochemical composition of Brazil nut oil, the knowledge regarding the phospholipid composition exhibits a disagreement: the composition of fatty acids present in the structures of phospholipids is reported as being different from the composition of the free fatty acids present in the oil. In this work, solid phase extraction (SPE) was employed to provide a fast extraction of the phospholipids from Brazil nuts, in order to compare the phospholipid profile of the in nature nuts and their fatty acids precursor present in the oil. The major phospholipids were characterized by mass spectrometry approach. Their fragmentation pattern through direct infusion electrospray ionization ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry ($ESI-IT-MS^2$) proved to be useful to unequivocal characterization of these substances. High resolution (HR) experiments through ESI using a quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF) system were performed to reinforce the identifications.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

In order to achieve repetitive somatic embryogenesis in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), callus derived from floral tissues were continuously cultured in a medium containing 2,4-D. In 5% of the explants, repetitive somatic embryogenesis was observed after 8 weeks and maintained in a globular stage for several weeks. This is the first report showing repetitive somatic embryogenesis in cacao. The calli were bombarded with a plasmid containing $\beta$-glucuronidase (gus) as reporter gene. Two week old calli showed the high average number of cells expressing the us gene. The effect of osmotic agents (mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose) on gene expression was evaluated. Pre-treatment during 16 h with 0.25 M mannitol revealed an improvement in gene expression. The potential utilization of the repetitive embryogenesis, combined with osmotic treatment, is discussed as an alternative to achieve stable transgenic cacao plants.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.573-583
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• 2016

The review article presents some of the history of how paleoparasitology started in Brazil, making highlight the great responsible Dr. Luiz Fernando Ferreira and Dr. Adauto Araujo, the trajectory of paleoparasitology in Brazil since 1978 and its performance in science to the present day. In sequence, it is made a presentation of parasitological findings on human remains found in archaeological sites in South America, highlighting Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Peru, where major discoveries have occurred. Many of the parasites found in archaeological material and mentioned in this review went out of Africa with the peopling of Europe and from there they dispersed around the world, where climatic conditions allow the transmission. However, humans have acquired other parasites of animals, since humans invaded new habitats or creating new habits adopting new technologies, thus expanding its range of influence on the environment. Thus, this review article is finalized with information that explain the importance of these findings in the interaction between parasites, human host, and ambient.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.119-145
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• 2012

This paper deals with the study of how the 'birth' of Brazil happened and how the European utopianism was represented in Brazilian Informative Literature of the sixteenth century, that is, the first literary manifestations of Brazil. There were at that time the Renaissance humanism and the scientific development that encouraged dozens of illustrious navigators for new discoveries ultra-seas, like Christopher Columbus who discovered America. Writings such as Letter to King Manuel of Pero Vaz de Caminha, had mostly an intention to inform Europeans about climates, indians and possibility to discover gold or silver. Main narrative characteristics were uncertainty and exageration, which ironically helped to attract more discoveries and explorations in the New World. Americo Vespucio's Mundus Novus inspired Thomas More to write Utopia, in which the author described through a Portuguese sailor the ideal but unrealizable society. Utopianism regarding the imaginary island of 'Brazi', well known among Europeans since long ago, may have influenced the current name of the country: 'Brazil'. On the other hand, utopianism shown in Brazilian Informative Literature worked as a justification for Europeans to explore and colonize the New World.