• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2016

Objectives: The study is to evaluate biological monitoring and risk assessment for epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A resin exposed from waterproofing or finishing work in the apartment building construction. Methods: Subjected workers were working on spray-painting and waterproofing work for 8 hours per day every 20 days. The urine samples were collected at the end of 20 days working period. For urinary bisphenol A as metabolite from epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A exposure, urine samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography mass-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS). Results: Geometric means of urinary bisphenol A(BPA) with no hydrolysis and with enzymic hydrolysis(BPA-EH) in the workers were $1.10{\mu}g/L$ and $2.90{\mu}g/L$. BPA-EH was 4 times higher than that of control group. The factors for working period and ages did not affect the variation of BPA and BPA-EH. The levels for BPA and BPA-EH were not higher than 95th percentile for exposure on human-life environment. Conclusions: The BPA and BPA-EH were therefore effective biological markers for epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A exposure workers, but not seem to hazardous exposure level. Waterproofing work in construction workshop is required to measuring work environment and health care management for the workers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.211-214
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• 2013

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a highly hazardous component to human since it is regarded as one of endocrine disruptors. For the analysis and/or removal of BPA, the searching for the specific ligand with a selective affinity to target BPA is required. In order to find the peptide moiety that specifically binds to BPA, the ultrasound-assisted biopanning was carried out with a phage-displayed peptide library expressing constrained heptamer. After six rounds of positive screening against BPA particles followed by the negative screening against the surface of eppendorf tube, the peptide sequence (CysLysSerLeuGluAsnSerTyrCys) with affinity to BPA was screened based on the order of frequency from the screened phage clones. To further verify the specificity of screened peptide sequence, the cross-binding affinity of the phage peptide toward BPA analogues such as Bisphenol S (BPS) and Bisphenol F (BPF) was also assessed, where the selected phage peptide showed a higher affinity to BPA over BPS and BPF.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children. Methods: Prenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T3, and free T4) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations. Results: The associations between prenatal BPA and total T3 levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T4 levels (-1.94%; 95% confidence interval, -3.82 to -0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only. Conclusions: Our findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T3 levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T4 levels in girls only.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.581-594
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• 2017

Bisphenol A(BPA), known as a typical endocrine disruptor, has been used commercially and widely for plastics and epoxy resins. BPA-based plastic is used extensively for the production of water bottles, food containers, CDs, DVDs, and panels that can be applied in construction. Epoxy resins containing BPA are used for coatings on the insides of water pipes, food cans, and thermal papers that are used in sales receipts. As its estrogenic effects and other adverse health effects have published, BPA has been regulated in many countries, and there have been efforts made to replace BPA. Other bisphenols substitutes such as bisphenol S(BPS) and bisphenol F(BPF) have been used. Currently, BPS- and BPF-based products labeled BPA-free products have been widely consumed. Because of structural similarities with BPA, however, these alternatives also show endocrine disruption effects like BPA, and many studies on adverse health effects of these alternatives are being reported. In this review, we describe the adverse health effects of bisphenols and the current status of regulation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.371-381
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• 2023

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), used in a variety of products in modern society, are hormone-like substances that cause various diseases. Humans are exposed to EDCs through their inclusion in pesticides, plastics, cosmetics, detergents, and drugs. Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the representative endocrine disruptors, is an estrogen-like substance that has been widely used commercially in plastic and epoxy resins. BPA is a chemical that can disrupt the endocrine system, leading to reduced reproductive function, obesity, cancer, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Since the adverse health effects of BPA began to be reported the use of BPA has been regulated worldwide. Various alternatives to BPA have been widely used worldwide; representatively, bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are the most commonly used in commercial contexts. BPS and BPF may cause endocrine-disrupting effects like those of BPA due to their similar chemical structures. Recent studies have reported that BPS and BPF disrupt the neurodevelopmental process and cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, future studies will be required for safety verification of BPA alternatives and the development of new alternatives to BPA for brain health. In this review, we reviewed the effects of BPA and the alternatives, BPS and BPF, on the nervous system.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2005

The present report aimed at evaluating the effect of bisphenol A(BPA) and diethylstilbestrol(DES) on Leydig or Sertoli cell-lines. To identify the differences in the susceptibility to BPA upon different cell-types, assay of the cell viability was done on TM3(Leydig cells) and TM4(Sertoli cells) cell-lines. The result indicates that Sertoli cells are more sensitive to low dose of BPA than Leydig cells. Also, the BPA- or DES-treated Sertoli cells showed a reduction of phospholipase D(PLD) activity identically. According to the confirmation of the mRNA expression of fas receptor and fas ligand in the BPA-treated cells, fas/fasL system activated by BPA will deliver the apoptosis signal onto Sertoli TM4 cells. However, Fas/FasL system was not activated in the DES-treated cells unlike the BPA-treated cells.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2003

To determine whether or not bisphenol A affects the Immune system, female ICR mice were treated bisphenol A (BPA) orally at the doses of 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days. Four days before enumerating Plaque -forming cells (PFCs) mice were immunized intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). The spleen cellularity and PFC/spleen were significantly reduced by 30-day exposure to BPA (1,000 mg/kg/day), but the PFC/10$\^$6/ spleen cells was slightly decreased.. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to BPA for 30 days were cultured in the presence of LPS, Con A or PHA with IL-2, the lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo was not significantly suppressed by BPA. Our present results indicated that 30-day exposure of mice to BPA might have mild immunotoxic potential.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate influencing factors of bisphenol A(BPA) removal characteristic in conventional water treatment systems to be connected with coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. The result are summarized as follows; In BPA removal, optimal doses of PAC, alum, ferric chloride were 7.5 mg Al/L, 10.0 mg AI/L, 15.0 mg Fek. PAC was most effective coagulant to remove BPA. In coagulation process, BPA removal efficiency were increased about 2％ by adjusting pH of raw water as 6. At temperature rise 1$0^{\circ}C$, BPA removal efficiency were increased 0.94％. but BPA removal efficiency in sand filtration process were under 1 ％ie, so that BPA was almost not removed. At free chlorine dose 1, 2 mg/L, the reaction rate constant k in the BPA removal have been calculated to be 0.397, 0.953 min$^{-1}$ . At free chlorine dose 1, 2 mg/1-, degradation reaction of BPA was completed during 10 min and BFA removal efficiencies were 97.66, 99.99％ at this time.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.659-664
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to evaluate the detoxification method for the endocrine disrupting chemicals by manganese oxide. Manganese coated sand and bisphenol-A (BPA) was used as the reactive medium and the contaminant. Results showed that manganese oxide effectively degrades BPA by oxidative coupling reaction. The nonlinear oxidative coupling reaction orders were obtained for BPA and oxide, respectively. The reaction rate of BPA decreased as initial BPA concentration increased, as oxide loading decreased and as pH increased. The higher ionic strength, the higher reaction rate was observed. Divalent cations were adsorbed on the oxide surfaces, resulting in the decreased degradation rate of BPA.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

In order to investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on immune system in mice we examined the various immunological parameters. After single oral administration of BPA to female ICR mice, the weights of bodies and lymphoid organs, splenic cellularity and hematological parameters were examined on day 2 and 7. Among them WBC and splenic cellularity were slightly decreased on day 2. To assess the effects of BPA on humoral immune responses, splenic IgM plaque forming cell (PFC) and serum IgM were assayed. When BPA was administered after immunization with SRBC, but not before immunization, IgM PFC against SRBC was significantly lowered in a dose dependent manner. Serum IgM level was also decreased on day 4 when high dose (2000 mg/kg) of BPA was administrated after injection of OVA-antigen. The indexes of splenocyte proliferation (SP) to concanavalin A (Con A) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured in vitro by MTT assay. At low concentration BPA slightly increased splenocyte proliferation but at higher concentration it showed significant inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Mitogen-stimulated SP was also determined with spleen cells from BPA treated mice. Con A-induced SP was slightly decreased and LPS-induced SP was especially inhibited at 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of BPA. These results indicate that BPA is able to acutly evoke humoral and cell mediated immune suppression in mice.