• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.227-236
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• 1998

This study dealed with the effects of the blood pressure and regional cerebral blood fIow(rCBF) on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment to the acu-point equivalent to K 1 of sprague dawley rats(SDR). Acupuncture treatment of K 1 significantly decreased BP in SDR. 2. Acupuncture treatment of K 1 significantly increased rCBF in SDR. 3. Moxibustion treatment of K 1 significantly increased BP in SDR. 4. Moxibustion treatment of K 1 significantly increased rCBF in SDR. These results suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion causes a diverse response of blood pressure and reginal cerebral blood flow. During the moxibustion treatment of K 1 increased BP and rCBF, but after moxibustion recorved BP and rCBF. During the acupunture tretment of K 1 decreased BP and then recorved, rCBF was significantly increased.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권5호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2017

We explored how changes in blood vessel compliance affected the systolic rise time (SRT) of the maximum blood pressure (BP) peak wave and the diastolic fall time (DFT) of the minimal BP peak wave, compared to photoplethysmograpic (PPG) parameters, using a two-compartment, second-order, arterial Windkessel model. We employed earlier two-compartment Windkessel models and the components thereof to construct equivalent blood vessel circuits, and reproduced BP waveforms using PSpice technology. The SRT and DFT values were obtained via circuit simulation, considering variations in compliance (the dominant influence on blood vessel parameters attributable to BP changes). And then performed regression analysis to identify how compliance affected the SRT and DFT. We compared the SRTs and DFTs of BP waves to the PPG values by reference to BP changes in each subject. We confirmed that the time-shift propensities of BP waves and the PPG data were highly consistent. However, the time shifts differed significantly among subjects. These simulation and experimental results allowed us to construct an initial trend curve of individual BP peak time (measured via wrist PPG evaluations at three arm positions) that facilitated accurate individual BP estimations.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2008

Blood pressure (BP), one of the most important vital signs, is used to identify an emergency state and reflects the blood flow characteristics of the cardiovascular system. The conventional noninvasive method of measuring BP is inconvenient because patients must wear a cuff on their arm and the measurement process takes time. This paper proposes an algorithm for estimating the BP using the pulse transit time (PTT) of the photoplethysmography (PPG) and pressure pulse from finger at the same time as a more convenient way to measure the BP. After recording the electrocardiogram (ECG), measuring the pressure pulse, and performing PPG, we calculated the PTT from the acquired signals. Then, we used a multiple regression analysis to measure the systolic and diastolic BP indirectly. Comparing the BP measured indirectly using the proposed algorithm and the real BP measured with a sphygmomanometer, the systolic pressure had a mean error of ${\pm}3.240$ mmHg and a standard deviation of 2.530 mmHg, while the diastolic pressure had a satisfactory result, i.e., a mean error of ${\pm}1.807$ mmHg and a standard deviation of 1.396 mmHg. These results are more superior than existing method estimating blood pressure using the one PTT and satisfy the ANSI/AAMI regulations for certifying a sphygmomanometer i.e., the measurement error should be within a mean error of ${\pm}5$ mmHg and a standard deviation of 8 mmHg. These results suggest the possibility of applying our method to a portable, long-term BP monitoring system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.322-328
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• 1999

In this study, it was tested whether the changes of catecholamines and its metabolites are related with the changes of blood pressure(BP) induced by different levels of lead exposure. Adult male SD rats were exposed to lead by giving drinking water containing 50(low doses), 200 and 1,000 ppm(high doses) of lead(as lead acetate) or sodium acetate(for control groups, supplying an identical amount of acetate) for 7 or 16 weeks. The systolic BP was measured in the unanesthetized state by the tail-cuff technique. Levels of catecholamines and its metabolites in urine were measured by HPLC-ECD. Rats receiving 200 and 1,000 ppm developed an elevation of systolic BP at 3 and 7 weeks compared with week 0, but blood pressure levels at 16 weeks returned to normal. For the 50 ppm lead treated group, systolic BP increased significantly at 7 weeks and 16 weeks. The concentrations of norepinephrine and VMA in the urine of lead exposed rats changed similarly to the changes of blood pressure, but blood viscosity levels in all lead treated rats increased continuously during all lead treatment periods. This result suggests that the changes of catecholamines and its metabolites in urine by lead intoxication may influence the changes of blood pressure.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1224-1230
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• 2003

The purpose of this present study is to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and blood pressure(BP) in rats. following the intravenous injection of drug. The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter (Transonic Instrument, USA) and pressure tranducer(Grass, USA) in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats about for 2h to 2h and a half through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The result of this experiment was as following. 1. Fructus Schizandrae increased the changes of rCBF in rats, significantly. 2. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated propranolol. 3. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated atropine. 4. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated I-NNA. 5. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae was decreased by pretreated methylene blue. 6. The rCBF of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated indomethacin. 7. Fructus Schizandrae decreased the changes of blood pressure significantly. 8. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated propranolol. 9. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated atropine. 10. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae did nol change by pretreated I-NNA. 11. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae was decreased by pretreated methylene blue. 12. The BP of Fructus Schizandrae did not change by pretreated indomethacin. These results indicate that Fructus Schizandrae can increase the rCBF and decrease the BP, that related to guanylyl cyclase activity.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relationship between nursing students' hearing levels and accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurements. Methods: Participants were 107 students who had finished their fundamental nursing practice and clinical practicum and who used earphones. Data were collected from October 13 to November 30, 2014 and from April 30 to May 19, 2015. Students' hearing thresholds were examined using an audiometer. Students were assigned to take two BP measurements on BP measurement training simulators, but only the second measurement was used for analysis. Results: All nursing students' hearing levels were within normal range, and there was no significant difference found among the settings for diastolic blood pressure. However, there were significant differences between low systolic blood pressure (SBP) (below 120mmHg) and high SBP (over 140mmHg) (z=9.02, p=.011). Measurement error in SBP showed a positive correlation with hearing threshold in the right ear at frequencies of 1000Hz and 500Hz. Conclusion: Findings indicate that BP measurement error is correlated with hearing threshold at some frequencies. To reduce measurement error, nursing students should be provided with health education about hearing and to improve training for students, further studies need to examine other factors influencing BP measurement error.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2010

The effects of casein hydrolysate on blood pressure (BP) and serum lipid profiles were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Twenty-four 6-wk old male SHRs were assigned to 3 groups in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups were as follow: control, market milk group (MLG) and casein hydrolysate group (CHG). Reference blood pressure (RBP) showed average $198.94{\pm}1.46mmHg$. Blood pressure (BP) of CHG reduced 24 mmHg after 2 wk of treatment, but these increased after 3 wk. BP of CHG was significantly lower than BP of Control in experimental time (p<0.05). Serum lipid profiles were not differ significantly among groups (p<0.05). These data suggest that casein hydrolysate may beneficially improvement of blood pressure level in SHR.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 시계열 심전도 (Electrocardiogram: ECG) 및 광전용맥파 측정센서 (Photoplethysmography: PPG)을 이용하여 혈압을 추정하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 혈압 (Blood pressure: BP)을 추정하기 위해 주기적 입력 신호를 생성하고 차동 및 임계값 방법에 따라 잡음을 제거한 다음 합성곱 신경망 알고리즘을 기반으로 하여 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압을 예측한다. 본 논문에서 사용된 데이터는 MIMIC 데이터베이스에서 총 3.1GB의 49명의 환자 데이터를 사용하였다. 실험결과 수축기 혈압의 평균 제곱근 오차는 5.80mmHg, 이완기 혈압의 예측 오차는 2.78mmHg을 나타내었다. 또한, 영국 고혈압 협회가 제안한 혈압계 평가 방법을 적용하였을 때, 최고 성능인 등급 A를 만족함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.752-755
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• 2009

It is well known that hemodynamic load is one of the most important determinants of cardiac structure and function. Circadian variations in blood pressure (BP) are usually accompanied by consensual changes in peripheral resistance and/or cardiac output. In recent years, reduction in circadian variations in BP and, in particular, loss of nocturnal decline of BP were observed in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The patients with only a slight or no loss of nocturnal decline of BP were considered "non-dippers". Regression of LVH was observed after prolonged antihypertensive therapy. Restoration of the circadian rhythm of BP was also observed. However, the classification of patients into "dippers" and "non-dippers" is arbitrary and poorly standardized and repeatable, and in the recent studies, most hypertensive patients with LVH were "dippers". Therefore, we should be particularly cautious about the conclusions drawn using this index. On the other hand, reduced activity of low-pressure cardiopulmonary baroreceptors and impaired day-to-night modulation of autonomic nervous system activity were observed in patients with only LVH. Therefore, alterations in cardiac structure may impair BP modulation. On the other hand, the reverse can also be trueprimary alterations in BP modulation, through a persistently elevated afterload, can increase cardiac mass. Thus, the interrelationship between cardiac structure and BP modulation is complex. Hence, new and more specific methods of evaluating circadian changes in BP are needed to better clarify the abovementioned reciprocal influences.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2003

각종 성인병과 난치성질환인 뇌졸중과 치매, 중풍의 원인으로는 혈액순환장해에 의한 고혈압과 두부혈압의 상승이 주된 요인으로 작용하고 있다. MRI , X-ray 같은 의료장비는 뇌졸중이나 중풍 등의 발병전 예방보다는 발병후의 치료를 위한 목적으로 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 이러한 난치성 질환이 정상인에서도 발생하고 있어서, 상완혈압에 의한 진단보다는 뇌혈류 상태를 반영하는 두부혈압을 진단하는 것이 더 정확한 임상진단을 할 수 있다 그러나 기존 혈압계나 전자혈압계로는 두부혈압을 측정하거나 개선할 수 있는 기능을 수행할 수 없다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 혈압과 두부혈압을 쉽고 간편하게 측정하고, 상완혈압에 대한 두부 혈압의 상관성을 추출하여 뇌혈류 상태 및 건강상태를 조기 진단/예방할 수 있는 시스템 및 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 임상실험 결과, 기존의 혈압계보다 측정오차가 작고 재현성이 우수하여 신뢰성을 확인하였고 ,두부혈압의 최고압은 상완 최고압의 62%, 최저혈압은 상완 최저혈압의 46%에 해당하는 상관성을 확인하였다. 정상인과 환자간의 상관성에 큰 차이가 있고, 이는 상완혈압 측정에 의존한 진단보다 두부혈압 측정에 의해 더 중요한 진단요소론 추출할 수 있어서 더 정차한 진단을 할 수 있음을 의미한다. 따라서, 뇌혈류에 이상이 있을 때 달라지는 두부혈압을 측정하여 상완혈압과의 상관성을 추출하고, 환자를 대상으로 분석하여 뇌혈류 상태를 진단/개선함으로서 새로운 진단체계를 구축할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다.