• 기계와재료
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• v.18 no.1 s.67
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• pp.45-55
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• 2006

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2016

NSSS (Nuclear Steam Supply System) and BOP (Balance of Plant) design works for PGSFR (Prototype Gen-IV Sodium Fast Reactor) have been conducted in Korea. NSSS major components, e.g. reactor vessel, steam generator and secondary sodium main pipes, are designed according to the rule of ASME boiler and pressure vessel code division 5, in which DBA (Design by Analysis) methods are used in the stress assessments. However, there is little discussions about detail rules for BOP piping design. In this paper, the detail methodologies of BOP piping stress assessment are discussed including safety systems and non-safety system pipings. It is confirmed that KEPIC MGE(ASME B31.1) and ASME BPV code division 5 HCB-3600 can be used in stress assessments of non-safety pipes and class B pipes, respectively. However, class A pipe design according to ASME BPV code division 5 HBB-3200 has many difficulties applying to PGSFR BOP design. Finally, future development plan for class A pipe stress assessment method is proposed in this paper.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.248-251
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to select fuel/air feeders for reliable operation of BOP(Balance of Plant) system for a DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell). A 42-cell 50W DMFC stack is considered for performance comparison of selected fuel pumps and air blowers. The present stack has two serpentine anode channels with depth of 1.2 mm and rib of 1 mm and one serpentine cathode channel with depth of 1.5 mm and rib of 1 mm. The pressure drop through the stack is estimated in advance by utilizing the pre-existing loss coefficients data for various flow configurations. Then the operating points of feeders are determined at the balance point of the flow impedance curves for the channels in the DMFC stack and the selected pump and blower performance curves. After estimating the operating flow rates in the anode and cathode channels, the flow measurement with the selected feeders is performed for the comparison with the estimated flow rates. The measured results show that the discrepancy between the estimation and the measurement for the cathode is about 26%, about 3% for the anode

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1974-1987
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• 2023

The load-following operation of small modular reactors (SMRs) requires accurate prediction of transient behaviors that can occur in the balance of plants (BOP) and the nuclear steam supply system (NSSS). However, 1-D thermal-hydraulics analysis codes developed for safety and performance analysis have conventionally excluded the BOP from the simulation by assuming ideal boundary conditions for the main steam and feed water (MS/FW) systems, i.e., an open loop. In this study, we introduced a lumped model of BOP fluid system and coupled it with NSSS without any ideal boundary conditions, i.e., in a closed loop. Various methods for coupling boundary conditions at MS/FW were tested to validate their combination in terms of minimizing numerical instability, which mainly arises from the coupled boundaries. The method exhibiting the best performance was selected and applied to a transient simulation of an integrated NSSS and BOP system of a SMART. For a transient event with core power change of 100-20-100%, the simulation exhibited numerical stability throughout the system without any significant perturbation of thermal-hydraulic parameters. Thus, the introduced boundary-condition coupling method and BOP fluid system model can expectedly be employed for the transient simulation and performance analysis of SMRs requiring daily load-following operations.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.12-16
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• 2007

A dynamic model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) system is designed to understand the performance of the PEMFC in residential power generator(RPG) over various balance of plant(BOP) options. In particular, since the performance of PEMFC system should be optimized for given operating ranges, it is necessary to design suitable BDP components which can support the operating ranges. The objective of this study is to develop a dynamic system model for the study of PEMFC performance over various BOP options. Therefore, a dynamic model is composed of a PEMFC stack model, a water management system model, a thermal management system model and a fuel/air supply model and the model is integrated under SIMULINK(R)environment. Basic simulation results will be presented.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.978-979
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 TMS320F2812를 이용하여 연료 전지 BOP(Balance of Plant) 내장 터보 블로어로 쓰이는 영구자석 동기전동기의 센서리스 공간 벡터 제어를 구현하였다. 고속으로 회전하는 회전자의 위치 및 속도는 측정하기가 어려우므로, 전류를 이용하여 위상 및 속도를 추정하였으며, 이 알고리즘을 Digital Signal Processor(DSP) 상에서 구현하였다. 전류 측정시 노이즈에 의한 영향을 최소화하기 위해 외부에 12bit급 AD컨버터인 AD7891을 장착하였다. 데드타임 보상 및 dc-link 전압 리플 보상을 적용하였고, 정격 속도 100,000rpm에서 영구자석 동기전동기를 구동하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.128.2-128.2
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• 2010

For stationary 1kW-class fuel cell systems to be used widely, it is essential to achieve dramatic improvements in system durability as well as cost reduction. In order to address this engineering challenge, it is important to develop innovative technologies associated with BOP components. According to this background, in 2009, the Korean Government and "Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)" launched into the strategic development project of BOP technology for practical applications and commercializations of stationary fuel cell systems, named "Technology Development on Cost Reduction of BOP Components for 1kW Stationary Fuel Cell Systems to Promote Green-Home Dissemination Project". The objectives of this project are to develop fundamental technologies to meet these requirements, and to improve the performance and functionality of BOP components with reasonable price. The project consortium consists of Korea's leading fuel cell system manufacturers, BOP component manufacturers which technologically specialized, and several research institutions. This paper is to provide a summary of the project, as well as the achievements made through the 1st period of the project(2009~2010). Several prototypes of BOPs - Cathode air blowers, burner air blowers, preferential oxidation air blowers, fuel blowers, cooling water pumps, reformer water pumps, heat recovery pumps, mass flow meters, valves and power conditioning systems - had been developed through this project in 2010. As results of this project, it is expected that a technological breakthrough of these BOP components will result in a substantial system cost reduction.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.405-411
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• 2010

A 5kW class SOFC cogeneration system consisted of a hot box part, a cold BOP (balance of plant) part, and a hot water reservoir. The hot box part contained a stack, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor, and heat exchangers. A cold BOP part was composed of blowers, pumps, a water trap, and system control units. A 5kW stack was designed to integrate 2 sub-modules. In this paper, the 5kW class SOFC system was operated using 2 short stacks connected in parallel to test the sub-module and the system. A short stack had 15 cells with $15{\times}15 cm^2$ area. When a natural gas was used, the total power was about 1.38 kW at 120A. Because the sub-modules were connected in parallel and current was loaded using a DC load, voltages of sub-modules were same and the currents were distributed according to the resistance of sub-modules. The voltage of the first stack was 11.46 V at 61A and the voltage of the second stack was 11.49V at 59A.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1018-1026
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• 2005

The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system consisting of stack and balance of plant (BOP) was modeled in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. High-pressure operating (compressor type) and low-pressure operating (air blower type) fuel cell systems were con­sidered. The effects of two main operating parameters (humidity and the pressure of the supplied gas) on the power distribution characteristics of BOP and the net system efficiency of the two systems mentioned above were compared and discussed. The simulation determines an optimum condition regarding parameters such as the cathode air pressure and the relative humidity for maximum net system efficiency for the operating fuel cell systems. This study contributes to get a basic insight into the fuel cell stack and BOP component sizing. Further research using muli­object variable optimization packages and the approach developed by this study can effectively contribute to an operating strategy for the practical use of fuel cell systems for vehicles.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.541-544
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• 2005

This study presents the integrated modeling approach to simulate the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system for vehicle application. The fuel cell system consisting of stack and balance of plant (BOP) was simulated with MATLAB/Simulink environment to estimate the maximum system power and investigate the effect of BOP component sizing on system performance and efficiency. The PEM fuel cell stack model was established by using a semi-empirical modeling. To maximize the net efficiency of fuel cel1 system, multi-variable optimization code was adopted. Using this method the optimized operating values were obtained according to various system net power levels. The fuel cell model established was co-linked to AVL CRUISE, a vehicle simulation package. Through the vehicle simulation software, the fuel economy of fuel cell powered electric vehicle for two types of driving cycles was presented and compared. It is expected that this study tan be effectively employed in the basic BOP component sizing and in establishing system operation map with respect to net power level of fuel cell system.