• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2002

하수슬러지의 발생량 감소와 BNR공정의 외부탄소원 개발에 대한 해결방안으로 1차슬러지의 산발효가 연구되었다. 기존 혐기성 소화조를 활용한다는 측면에서 반응조의 형상, 온도, pH와 같은 환경인자는 변화시키지 않았고, HRT변화에 따른 가수분해율, 산생성율 및 환경인자의 특성변화를 검토하였다. 평균 가수분해율은 HRT가 3일과 1.5일 일때, 각각 0.0309., $0.0204mgSCOD_{prod.}/mgICOD_{inf.}$였다. 평균 산생성율은 HRT 3일에서 0.0068mg HAc/mg $TCOD_{inf.}$, 0.0652mgHAc/mg $VSS_{destroyed}$였다. HRT 1.5일에서 평균 산생성율은 0.0060mg HAc/mg $TCOD_{inf.}$, 0.0346mgHAc/mg $VSS_{destroyed}$였다. 실험기간 동안 알칼리도와 pH는 인위적인 조절없이 적정하게 유지되었다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2011

BNR공정은 반류수와 가축분뇨에 포함된 고농도의 질소를 제거하는데, 효과적인 공정이다. 특히 고농도의 질소제거에 있어서 완전질산화 반응에 비해 이점을 가지는 아질산화 반응을 유도하고 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대해 다양한 연구결과가 보고되었다. 그 중 유기물의 영향에 대해 많은 연구가 이루어졌는데, 유기물은 아질산화 반응에 관련이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 반류수 중 혐기 소화 상징액, 가축분뇨, 혐기 소화를 거친 가축분뇨를 이용하여 실험실 규모의 아질산화 반응조를 운전하였다. 운전 결과를 분석하여, 아질산화 반응에 유기물이 미치는 영향에 대해, 유기물 성상에 따라 분석하였다. 분석 결과 아질산화 반응은 유기물에 영향을 받으며, 유기물 성분 중 $S_S$에 대해 영향을 가장 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 유기물을 하나의 성분으로 보지 않고 그 형태에 따라 세분화하여 관리해야 한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4B호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2006

최근, 활성 슬러지 공법에 대한 수학적 모델링은 폐수처리장의 설계와 운영에 있어서 매우 중요한 인자로 인식되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, BNR 공정에서 미생물의 성장 및 호흡과 관련한 내 외부 기질의 이용 경로에 관한 정보는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 ASM No.3와 비교되는 새로운 개념의 활성슬러지 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 미생물의 단계별 성장이론에 근거한 이 모텔의 구조는 호기성 저장, 내부저장물질(ISCs; Intercellular Storage Compounds)과 외부기질 활용에 따른 미생물의 성장, 내생호흡과 내부저장물질을 이용한 호기성 호흡 등 5 단계로 구성되어 있다. 단계적 성장모델에 기초한 예측결과는 산소이용율(OUR)과 TCOD에 의한 실험결과에 있어 ASM No.3의 결과보다 더욱 일치함을 나타냈다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.265-268
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• 2005

A batch-type study was conducted to investigate the phosphorus release and uptake under anaerobic and aerobic conditions according to organic loading changes. As organic loading increased, anaerobic P release increased but aerobic P uptake decreased. Where organic carbon contents remain high in aerobic conditions, PHB consumption within the microbial cells diminished, therefore it was found that in order to enhance P uptake rate, it should reach the endogenous growth stage where the entire organic loading was consumed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.704-712
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• 2009

Advanced Phase Isolation Ditch (APID) process was studied to develop economic retrofitting technology, for the plants where retrofitting of common activated sludge process is required. In this study, to evaluate and monitor the effluent water quality ($BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P) and operating conditions (Influent, SVI, SRT, and HRT) as process capable and stable parameters for treating municipal wastewater, a demonstration plant was installed and operated in the existing sewage treatment plant of P city. During this study, the average effluent $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations were 7.7, 5.6, 10.8, and 1.6 mg/L. Trend analysis of influent $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P in APID process were illustrated that APID process need for more strong APID process management on the winter session, such as developing new intermediated aeration mode, operating methods, and managements strategy. At the application of control chart, the signal of uncommon effects at APID process was determined much higher existing control chart tntr conventional control chart in this study. These results indicate that conventional control chart has been collected and determined cleary signal at only stable situation. Therefore, newly developed APID process of dynamic control chart can be one of the useful tool for monitoring and management process.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.618-625
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• 2008

Advanced Phase Isolation Ditch (APID) process was studied to develop economic retrofitting technology, for the plants where retrofitting of common activated sludge process is required. In this study, to evaluate the effluent BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations as process capable and stable parameters for treating municipal wastewater, a demonstration plant was installed and operated in the existing sewage treatment plant of P city. During this study, the average effluent BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations were 4.56, 5.20, 9.30, and 1.75 mg/L at the conventional mode and 3.95, 3.17, 7.65, and 1.18 mg/L at the modified mode. The modified mode (BOD: 3.69, SS: 3.19, T-N: 1.27, and T-P: 0.69) increased the process capability more than the conventional mode (BOD: 1.80, SS: 1.05, T-N: 2.17, and T-P: 0.15) in this study. If process capability over 1.0, this process is capable and stable to treat wastewater. Therefore, newly developed APID process with modified intermittent aeration mode can be one of the useful processes for stable organic matter and nutrients removal.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.761-765
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• 2007

The study were conducted in order to investigate the effect of operating parameters including the internal recycle (nitrification return) rates, hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and temperature when using a cilium media method. The first experiment was for evaluating the effect of HRT (12 hr, 10 hr, 8 hr, 6 hr, 4 hr). The second experiment was for analyzing effect of internal recycle rate (100%, 200%, 300%, 400%). As a result of the first experiment, BOD was removed to 97~98% for 6~8 hr HRT. Effluent water quality was not significantly influenced with HRT within that range. However the nitrogen removal was sensitive to HRT. T-P removal efficiency was invariable at various HRTs. The average BOD removal efficiency was about 97% in spite of change of internal recycle rate while T-N removal efficiency was increased at the internal recycle rate of 100~200%, but invariable at the internal recycle rate of 200~300%.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.823-826
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 변동적인 특성을 지닌 자료 분석에 효과적인 확률, 통계기법을 토입하여, 하수처리장의 SNR과 SDNR을 분석하고 그 결과를 운영에 반영할 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다. 기본적인 통계처리 결과를 바탕으로 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 SNR = 0.0219 + 0.000044BOD 부하량 - 0.00600C/N비와 SDNR = 0.0226 + 0.000044BOD 부하량 - 0.00602C/N비로 나타났다. 따라서 처리공정의 운전 시 각 공정이 갖고 있는 운전조건의 변동성을 반영하기 위해서는 통계적 접근이 필요하다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.551-559
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• 2008

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the potential of flotation process for the secondary clarifier of an activated sludge process. Flotation techniques, applied in this study, include electrofloation (EF) which generated fine bubbles smaller than $35{\mu}m$ in average and diffuser flotation (DF) which generated fine bubbles smaller than $55{\mu}m$ in average. The batch experiments were done with activated sludge displaying various characteristics. It was shown that the efficiency of solids/liquid separation was reduced as the diluted sludge volume index ($DSVI_{30}$) of activated sludge increased. The dependency, however, gradually decreased as the gas to solids (G/S) ratio increased. Thickening efficiency of EF was more than 2~10 times and DF process was more than 1.5~5 times as compared with gravity sedimentation (GS). Stable sludge blanket was maintained regardless of sludge settleability when the G/S ratio was 0.019 in the EF. On the other hand, Serious deterioration in the sludge blanket was observed in the DF depends on G/S ratio and sludge settleability. And For EF and DF, the suspended solids concentration of effluent was not nearly influenced on settleability of activated sludge and more clear than GS. A biological nutrient removal (BNR) process, combined with EF as a secondary clarifier was operated for three months. The mean MLSS (mixed liquid suspended solids) concentration in the reactor and mean solids concentration of return sludge were estimated to be 5,340 mg/L and 16,770 mg/L, respectively. The water quality of effluent was considerably stable and low value was accomplished, that was, standard suspended solids concentration $0.07{\pm}0.51mg/L$ and standard turbidity $1.44{\pm}0.56NTU$. The EF could be applicable for enhancement of efficiency of activated sludge system as well as improvement of the water quality of effluent.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2006

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to study the conversion of sludge from conventional activated sludge to nitrogen-phosphorus removal sludge using two types of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems, a conventional SBR and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). The nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics were similar between SBR and SBBR and the removal efficiencies were very low when the influent TOC concentrations were low. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies in SBR were 96% and 77.5%, respectively, which were higher than those in SBBR (88% and 42.5%) at the high influent TOC concentration. In SBBR, the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification was occurred because of the biofilm process. The variations of pH, DO concentration and ORP were changed as the variation of influent TOC concentration both in SBR and SBBR and their periodical characteristics were cleary shown at the high influent TOC concentration. Especially, the pH, DO concentration and ORP inflections, were cleary occurred in SBR compared with SBBR.