• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2011

Recently, with the advent of high risk infectious agent such as the Ebola virus, SARS, special research facilities dealing with such dangerous pathogenic are drawing attention gradually. Especially, this kind of facilities can be called BL4(Biosafety Level 4) facility. At the moment, Korean government is going to construct BL4 institute in order to handle efficiently such kind of pathogen. However, there are no proper design guidelines for BL4 facility. This paper proposes circulation system of BL4 facility on the basis of analysis of existing BL4 guidelines of Canada, and Korean BL3 facilities. The outcomes of this study are as follows. At first, functional areas of BL4 facilities have been divided into three categories according to the hazard level ; dangerous area, transitional area, and ordinary area. Secondly, circulation system of BL4 facility has been explored as a form of diagram according to the circulating subjects. These include human, laboratory animals, hazardous pathogen, equipments and cloth. This study has some limitations in that it lacks empirical evidences and concrete SOPs(Standard Operating Procedure). Despite of some weaknesses, it is expected to give some preliminary guidelines for the design of circulation system in BL4 facilities.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.789-798
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• 1995

우백혈병 바이러스감염 B 세포주(BL2M3 및 BL312)의 배양상층액에 대한 자기세포들의 증식반응을 검토하였다. 그 결과 BL2M3 및 BL312세포의 배양상층액을 자기세포인 BL2M3세포에 첨가했을 때 농도에 비례하여 현저한 증식을 유도하였다. 이것은 배양 4-5일차, 배양상층액의 첨가농도는 50-60%,세포수는 5x$10^4$-5x$10^{5}$ /ml에서 최적의 증식반응을 보였다. 우태아혈청(FBS) 무첨가 BL2M3 및 BL312세포의 배양상층액에 대해서도 BL2M3세포는 동일한 증식반응을 보였다. 한편 BL2M3 및 BL312세포의 배양상층액을 BL312세포에 첨가했을 때는 BL2M3세포의 경우에 비해 현저하지 않았다. 또한 BL2M3 및 BL312세포의 배양상층액은 말초혈액 림프구에 대해서도 pokeweed mitogen(PWM)첨가 유무에 관계없이 증식을 유도하였다. 그러나 PWM자극 말초혈액 단핵세포의 배양상층액은 BL2M3 및 BL312세포에 대해서 전혀 증식을 유도하지 못했다. 이상의 결과로부터 우백혈병 바이러스감염 B세포주 특히 BL2M3세포는 세포자신이 증식인자를 분비하고 그것과 반응하여 증식하는 소위 autocrine growth 양상을 보이는 것으로 판명되었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1983

This study is conducted with a view to make correct sexual differentiation by the utilization of discriminant functions. For that purpose were randomly sampled out 148 young adults testes, comprising 67 males and 81 females, ranging from 15 through 18 years fo age. Based on the values made available from the measurement of 6 items corresponding to the maxillary cast models, a statistical analysis was made to abstract feasible discriminant functions. The results findings are as follows: 1. The mean value by sex indicates, in all items, higher one in male group than in female group. 2. Through the measurement were defined as singnificant items in sexual differentiation the bucco-lingual dimensions of canine, 1st-molar, 2nd molar, and 1st bimolat width. 3. Derived from the value from measurement items were discriminant functions with the intention of applying them to sexual differentiation, as follows: 1) Y=-25.4112+0.7513BL3+0.3298BL4-0.2854BL5+0.7350BL6-0.3482BL7+0.2893AW (as tested by Method I) 2)Y=-25.0628+0.7737BL3+0.7468BL6-0.3885BL5+0.2951AW(as tested by Method II) BL3 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper canine BL4 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper first prmolar BL5 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper second premolar BL5 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper first molar BL6 : Bucco-lingual dimension of upper second molar AW : Upper first bimolar width 4. Sexual defferentiation in terms of descriminant functions represented a probility of 74.6%.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2002

The general and specific combining abilities and hybrid vigour of seven polyvoltine breeds [BL24, BL62, BL6S, BL67, BL68, BL69, and Pure Mysore (PM)] with five bivoltine breeds (NB4D2, CSR2, CSR5, CSR18 and CSR19) were evaluated in a line ${times}$ tester design by analysing six quantitative traits viz., fecundity, yield 110,000 larvae both by number and weight, cocoon weight, shell weight and cocoon shell ratio. ANOVA estimates showed significant effects for all the traits indicating the role of both additive and non- additive gene actions. Estimation of GCA revealed that the breed BL67 exhibited significant positive effects toy all the six traits followed by BL68 for four important economic traits viz., fecundity, cocoon weight, shell weight and cocoon shell ratio. Among testers, CSR5 showed significant GCA effects for five traits whereas CSR2 exhibited for shell weight and shell ratio. Three hybrids viz., BL67${times}$ NB4D2, BL67 ${times}$CSR5 and BL67${times}$ CSR19 excelled in four quantitative traits for SCA. Majority of the hybrids expressed positive hybrid vigour for cocoon yield/10,000 larvae by weight, cocoon weight and shell weight. Four hybrids namely PM ${times}$ NB4D2, BL67 ${times}$NB4D2, BL67${times}$ CSR5 and BL67${times}$ CSR19 manifesting positive hybrid vigour for five economic traits were adjudicated as best Heterotic hybrids and recommended for commercial exploitation to increase the silk yield.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2021

Purpose: At acupoint pressure, the pressing direction of all acupoints is usually vertical. However, it is not clear whether the vertical direction is toward the belly button or the body's center in the BL52. In this study, the effective direction of acupressure was studied by measuring the pressure pain threshold according to the direction of acupressure in 30 subjects. Methods: The distance from the subject's GV4 to the left and right BL52 and the distance from GV4 to the navel were measured, and then using the ellipse where the left and right BL52 of GV4 pass through the navel, the angles of the navel direction and the body's center were calculated in the left and right BL52. The pressure at the time when the subjects felt pain while pressing the BL52 in two directions was used as the acupressure pain threshold. The pain threshold was measured 3 times at 3 minute intervals on the left and right BL52s of the subject. Results: The acupressure pain threshold measured in the left and right BL52 of the subjects was significantly decreased when pressed toward the trunk center (p < .05). In BL52, it was more sensitive to pressure when the direction of pressure is toward the body's center. Conclusions: Acupressure therapy of acupoint is more sensitive to external stimuli than the surrounding. In this study, acupressure directed toward the trunk center is more efficient than toward the belly button in BL52.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.469-473
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects of urinary acupoint (BL-23, BL-28) by acupuncture (AP) and electroacupuncture (EA) on urinary bladder in dogs. Four healthy male dogs aged within the range of 6~8 months were used in this experiment. For Electrodes implantation on the bladder, dogs were to undergo surgical operation. The purpose of investigating the effect on urinary bladder was to evaluate electromyogram (EMG) changes according to AP or EA at Shen Shu (BL-23), Pang Guang Shu (BL-28) and non-acupoint. AP and EA (2~4 V, 10 Hz) were applied for 20 min to each point. EMG was evaluated when acupuncture began stimulation and as soon as the stimulation by electroacupuncture was gone. By the experiment of investigating the effect of urinary time it was estimated to measure time up to urination from stimulation on effective acupoint, after saline was filled with 70% of whole volumes on urinary bladder. The wave of EMG on resting stage showed simple and regular, whereas that of EMG on urination showed irregularly strong peaks before urination. Acupuncture of BL-28 had an influence on changes of EMG which had irregular peaks on urination. But the changes of EMG after acupuncture of BL-28 and control were regular like resting stage. The changes of EMG after EA at BL-23 and BL-28 showed irregularly a variety of wave forms. The interval through urination from stimulation at BL-28 and control become short as measuring time by EA (p<0.01). According to the results, AP at BL-28 was effective to urinary bladder. EA at BL-23 and BL-28 was effective to urinary bladder. Especially, the interval on stimulating at BL-28 by EA was the shortest in measuring time to urination from stimulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1984

The author carried out an experiment to find on the optomotor response of crusian carp, Carassius carassius and goldfish, Carassius auratus in accordance with the colors of the wall and the stripes labeled on the revolving visual screen. The results are as follows; 1. The optomotor response rate of crusian carp was 80% or more in case of B-Y, R-Bl and W-Bl pair of colors, and 50% or less in case of Bl-B, B-Bl, R-W, R-Y, W-Y and Y-W pair. 2. The optomotor response rate of goldfish was 80% or more in all except B-Bl, W-R and W-Y pair. 3. Mean round number of crusian carp was 7.5-9.5 revolutions in case of W-Bl, Y-Bl, W-B and Y-B pair, and 1.8-3.9 revolutions in case of Bl-B, Bl-Y, B-Bl, B-R, R-All and Y-W pair for 3 minutes. 4. Mean rounded number of goldfish was only 4.1-4.9 revolutions in case of W-Bl, W-B and Y-B pair for 3 minutes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.481-485
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• 2003

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effects of Juglandis Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture(BL13, BL17, BL13ㆍ17 and free points) on the anti-allergic inflammation response. The following results have been obtained ; JSAA was increased in the lymphocyte proliferation in cultured murine thymocytes and splenocytes. The production of IL-1β was decreased in Juglandis Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture(BL13, BL17 and BL13ㆍ17) group. The production of IL-4 was decreased in Juglandis Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture(BL13, BL17 and BL13ㆍ17) group. The production of total IgG was decreased in Juglandis Semen aqua-acupuncture(BL13 and BL13ㆍ17) and acupuncture(BL13, BL17 and BL13ㆍ17) group. According to the above results, Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture(BL13, BL17 and BL13ㆍ17) both enhances the specific immune response in T and B cells and depress the allergic inflammation reaction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 2005

The present study was made in order to clarify the anti-emetic effect by needle-acupuncture (AP), injection-AP and moxibustion in xylazine - induced vomiting of dogs. Twelve mongrel dogs (4 months to 5 year old, 2 to 4 kg of body weight), eleven mongrel dogs (4 months to 5 years old, 2 to 10 kg of body weight) and twelve mongrel dogs (4 months to 1 year old, 2 to 4 kg of body weight) were used for clarification of anti-emetic effect by needle-AP, injection-AP and moxibustion, respectively. The experimental animals were devided into control(6 heads), BL-21(6 heads), CV-12(6 heads) and BL-21+CV-12(6 heads) groups using total 6 dogs with vomiting selected in preliminary experiment, respectively in needle-AP treatment. In addition, the experimental dogs were divided into control (11 heads), BL-21 (6 heads) and CV-12(6 heads) groups using 11 dogs, respectively in injection-AP treatment. In moxibustion treatment the experimental dogs were divided into control (6 heads), BL-21(6 heads) and CV-12(6 heads) groups using 6 dogs, respectively. Five days after the experiment of one group was finished, the other group was examined in each experiment. Acupuncture needle was maintained for 20 minutes in needle-AP treatment. Metoclopramide was used in injection-AP treatment. Commercial moxa was used in moxibustion treatment. Vomiting was induced by intramuscular injection with $2{\%}$ xylazine 20 minutes after treatments of needle-AP, injection-AP and moxibustion, respectively. The vomiting rates of BL-21($33.3{\%}$), CV-12($50{\%}$) and BL-21+CV-12($33.3{\%}$) were lower than that of control($66.7{\%}$) and vomiting times of experimental groups were similar to that of control in needle-AP treatment. The vomiting rates of BL-21 ($0{\%}$) and CV-12($16.4{\%}$) were lower than that of control($66.7{\%}$) and the vomiting time of CV-12 group was similar to that of control group in injection-AP treatment. The vomiting rates of BL-21($33.3{\%}$) and CV-12($33.3{\%}$) were lower than that of control ($66.7{\%}$) and vomiting times of experimental group were similar to that of control group in moxibustion treatment. In conclusion, it was considered that needle-AP, metoclopramide injection-AP and moxibustion at BL-21 and CV-12 were effective for anti-emesis in xylazine induced vomiting of dogs and metoclopramide injection-AP was the most effective method for anti-emesis among them.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of acupuncture, moxibustion and electro-acupuncture at LI4 and LR3, BL18 and BL25 on serum gastin level in rats. Methods : LI4 and LR3 which belong to Large Intestine Meridian and liver Meridian are acupuncture points frequently used for healing gastrointestinal disease in oriental medicine. BL18 and BL25 which belong to Bladder Meridian are acupuncture points used for healing hepatic disease and intestinal disease in oriental medicine. Serum gastrin level by radioimmnunoassay was measured at 3 days after acupuncture, moxibustion and electro-acupuncture of those acupoints. Results & Conclusion : Moxibustion applied to the BL18 acupoint, BL25 acupoint decreased gastrin level of serum, but moxibustion applied to the BL18+BL25 acupoints did not produced significant effect. Acupuncture applied to the LI4 acupoint, LR4 acupoint did not produced significant effect, but acupuncture applied to the LI4+LR4 acupoints increased gastrin level of serum, Electro-acupuncture applied to the LI4 acupoint, LR4 acupoint increased gastrin level of serum, and electro-acupuncture applied to the LI4+LR4 acupoints also increased gastrin level of serum.