• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

In this paper, reliability is secured by sensing a post-program resistance of several tens of kilo ohms and restricting a read current flowing over an unblown eFuse within $100{\mu}A$ since RWL driver and BL pull-up load circuits using a regulated voltage of V2V ($=2V{\pm}10%$) are proposed to have a wide operating voltage range for eFuse OTP memory. Also, when a comparison of a cell array of 1 row ${\times}$ 32 columns with that of 4 rows ${\times}$ 8 columns is done, the layout size of 4 rows ${\times}$ 8 columns is smaller with $187.065{\mu}m{\times}94.525{\mu}m$ ($=0.01768mm^2$) than that of 1 row ${\times}$ 32 columns with $735.96{\mu}m{\times}61.605{\mu}m$ ($=0.04534mm^2$).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2004

The process of removal of gummy proteinous material sericin from silk is commonly called as degumming loss or boil-off loss ratio. In the present study, the boil-off loss ratio in the cocoon shells of twelve multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids and their parents were analysed. Inheritance pattern of boil-off loss ratio was analysed in crosses involving high and low boil-off loss parents, F$_1$s, F$_2$s and back-crosses by parent off spring regression analysis. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis was also analysed for this character, Highly significant (P＞0.01) variations were observed in eight out of ten multivoltine and two out of five bivoltine parents indicating the presence of genetic variation in the expression of boil-off loss ratio. Among F$_1$ hybrids, ten hybrids expressed significant (P＞0.01) variations when compared with control hybrid PM${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Significant negative heterosis was expressed in three multi ${\times}$ bi hybrids viz., BL67${\times}$CSR$_{101}$, 96A${\times}$CSR$_{19}$ and 96C${\times}$CSR$_{19}$, which is desirable for this character, whereas expression of heterobeltiosis was significant only with one hybrid, 96C${\times}$CSR$_{18}$ in desired direction. Studies on inheritance pattern showed that the character is heritable and contribution percentage of female and male in the ratio of 50.9: 49.1 and it appears that both the parents are influencing in the expression of boil-on loss ratio in silkworm. Based on the overall performance and evaluation by multiple trait evaluation index and also considering the expression of the boil-off loss ratio three hybrids vix., BL67 ${\times}$ CSR$_{101}$, 96A${\times}$CSR$_{19}$ and 96C${\times}$CSR$_{18}$ were found superior and recommended for commercial exploitation.n.ion.n.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2005

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) highly expressed in many tissues, including hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells, can bind to apolipoprotein E. To evaluate in vivo roles of LRP5, we generated LRP5-deficient mice. LRP5 genomic DNA was isolated from TT2 embryonic stem (ES) cells. Targeting vector was constructed to disrupt an exon 18 of the mouse LRP5 gene and transfected into ES cells. Three homologous recombinants at LRP5 locus were identified from 178 G418-resistant clones. Chimeric males generated by morula aggregation technique were mated to C57BL/6 female mice. After achieving germ-line transmission, LRP5+/- females were crossed with LRP5+/- males to obtain LRP5-deficient mice. One line of mice lacking LRP5 gene was confirmed by Southern blotting. Such knock-out mice may serve as an effective animal model to study in vivo function of LRP5 gene.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2011

To examine the new practical utilization of mucilages in Opuntia humifusa, polysaccharides were isolated from O. humifusa and their anti-metastatic activity and structural analysis were carried out. In experimental lung metastasis of B16BL6 melanoma cells, prophylactically intravenous (i.v.) administration of the crude polysaccharide (CNC-0) from O. humifusa significantly inhibited lung metastasis in a dose-dependant manner. The main polysaccharide, CNC-Ia was purified to homogeneity from CNC-0 by two successive column chromatographies using DEAE-Sepharose FF and Sephadex G-100 and its structure was characterized. Molecular mass of CNC-Ia was estimated to be 700 kDa and it mainly consisted of arabinose, galactose and xylose in addition to two minor sugars such as rhamnose and fucose. Methylation analysis indicated that CNC-Ia comprised at least 18 different glycosyl linkages such as terminal Araf, 5-linked Araf, 4-linked Galp and terminal Xylp in addition to three characteristic linkages such as full branched Araf, 3,4,6-branched Galp and full branched Galp. To analyze the fine structure of CNC-Ia, it was sequentially digested by exo-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranosidase and endo-${\beta}$-1,4-D-galactanase. These analyses suggested that CNC-Ia belongs to be a highly branched Type I arabinogalactan which has a ($1{\rightarrow}4$)-${\beta}$-galactan backbone with arabinosyl oligosaccharide side chains.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2006

Ferritin is a major eukaryotic protein and in humans is the protein of iron storage. A partial gene fragment of ferritin (255 bp) taken from the total RNA of Periserrula leucophryna, was amplified by RT-PCR using oligonucleotide primers designed from the conserved metal binding domain of eukaryotic ferritin and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Using the $^{32}P-labeled$ partial ferritin cDNA fragment, 28 different clones were obtained by the screening of the P. leucophryna cDNA library prepared in the Uni-ZAP XR vector, sequenced and characterized. The longest clone was named the PLF (Periserrula leucophryna ferritin) gene and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this novel gene were deposited in the GenBank databases with accession numbers DQ207752 and ABA55730, respectively. The entire cDNA of PLF clone was 1109 bp (CDS: 129-653), including a coding nucleotide sequence of 525 bp, a 5' -untranslated region of 128 bp, and a 3'-noncoding region of 456 bp. The 5'-UTR contains a putative iron responsive element (IRE) sequence. Ferritin has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 174 amino acids including a hydrophobic signal peptide of 17 amino acids. The predicted molecular weights of the immature and mature ferritin were calculated to be 20.3 kDa and 18.2 kDa, respectively. The region encoding the mature ferritin was subcloned into the pT7-7 expression vector after PCR amplification using the designed primers and included the initiation and termination codons; the recombinant clones were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) or E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysE. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis showed that a ferritin of approximately 18 kDa (mature form) was produced and that by iron staining in native PAGE, it is likely that the recombinant ferritin is correctly folded and assembled into a homopolymer composed of a single subunit.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.913-920
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• 2011

In this paper, a logic process based 1-kbit EEPROM IP for RFID tag chips of 900MHz is designed. The cell array of the designed 1-kbit EEPROM IP is arranged in a form of four blocks of 16 rows x 16 columns, that is in a two-dimensional arrangement of one-word EEPROM phantom cells. We can reduce the IP size by making four memory blocks share CG (control gate) and TG (tunnel gate) driver circuits. We propose a TG switch circuit to supply respective TG bias voltages according to operational modes and to keep voltages between devices within 5.5V in terms of reliability in order to share the TG driver circuit. Also, we can reduce the power consumption in the read mode by using a partial activation method to activate just one of four memory blocks. Furthermore, we can reduce the access time by making BL (bit line) switching times faster in the read mode from reduced number of cells connected to each column. We design and compare two 1-kbit EEPROM IPs, two blocks of 32 rows ${\times}$ 16 columns and four blocks of 16 rows ${\times}$ 16 columns, which use Tower's $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The four-block IP is smaller by 11.9% in the layout size and by 51% in the power consumption in the read mode than the two-block counterpart.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2010

A gene encoding an alanine racemase in B. pseudomycoides was cloned and one (Cys316) or both of two cysteines (Cys316 and Cys365) was (were) substituted with alanine. The cysteine (-) alanine racemases were expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using a pET-21 vector. The expressed enzymes were purified through affinity chromatography using 6xHis ligand. The purified enzymes all showed major one bands by SDS-PAGE analysis, corresponding to 46 kDa. The cysteine (-) alanine racemases as well as the wild type enzyme showed alanine racemase activities, indicating that the enzyme is an alanine racemase and the cysteines in the enzyme may not be involved in the catalysis and/or substrate binding. Thermal stabilities of Cys (-) alanine racemases decreased considerably and half-lives were 26 (wild type), 21 (C316A) and 18 min (C316-365A), respectively at $60^{\circ}C$ pH 8.0, suggesting that cysteine is considerably contributive to the thermal stability of the alanine racemase.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.511-519
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• 2011

Dietary intake of whole grains reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In an earlier study, we showed that Panicum miliaceum L. extract (PME) exhibited the highest anti-lipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells among extracts of nine different cereal grains tested. In this study, we hypothesized that PME in the diet would lead to weight loss and augmentation of hyperlipidemia by regulating fatty acid metabolism. PME was fed to ob/ob mice at 0%, 0.5%, or 1% (w/w) for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, body weight changes, blood serum and lipid profiles, hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression, and white adipose tissue (WAT) fatty acid composition were determined. We found that the 1% PME diet, but not the 0.5%, effectively decreased body weight, liver weight, and blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared to obese ob/ob mice on a normal diet. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene ($PPAR{\alpha}$, L-FABP, FAS, and SCD1) expression decreased, whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Long chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids decreased significantly in adipose tissue of animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators also decreased significantly in animals fed the 1% PME diet compared to those of the ob/ob control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PME is useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1997

This study was designed to carry out an observation on the growth inhibitory effect of fermented milk by the the lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. acidophilus and L. cormatus against pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 were studied in vitro. The results of this study were as follows : The BL broth culture of L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus and L. cormatus gave a similar extent of growth inhibitory effects against the pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 were after incubation time within 18 hours. The inhibitory effects of the fermented milk were observed on the survival time of pathogenic E. coli O167:H7 in the various fermented milk at 37${\circ}$C shaking water bath (70 rpm) were after incubation time between 140 and 200 minutes. These results indicated that major portion of growth inhibitory effects of fermented milk with various lactic acid bacteria against pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 was possible due to the acid, and minor portion to the other antibacterial substances.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 1984

An experimental study was undertaken to observe the difference in susceptibility of mouse strains to Metagonimus yokogawai infection by estimating it from worm recovery rate and dimension of worms. It was also studied the effects of prednisolone injection on the chronological pattern of worm recovery in ICR mice. The metacercariae were obtained from sweetfish and 300 in each number were given to 5 strains (CBH, A, DBA, $C^{57}BL$ and KK) of mice, and after 7 days period, the worms were collected from their intestine. Prednisolone at the dose of 10 mg/kg was injected to ICR mice every other day from 7 days prior to infection until sacrificed at 6 hours to 35th post-infection day. ICR mice infected with M. yokogawai but untreated were used for controls. The success rate in infection of mice ranged 25.0-83. 3% by strains, the worm recovery rate 1. 2-18. 9%, and the average size of worms O. 554-0. 683 mm long and 0.214-0.244 mm wide. The higher rates and larger size of worms were observed in KK and $C^{57}BL$ strains than others and the difference was statistically significant. In ICR mice for control, the worm recovery rate until 1 day after infection was relatively high (38-66%) but it became much lower (less than 0.7%) during 1-35 days. However, prednisolone injection brought about persistently high recovery rates (16-80%) until 21 days. It was concluded that the susceptibility to M. yokogawai infection is different by strains of mice but it can be elevated by prednisolone injection probably due to suppression of Immune respon3e3 in ICR mice.