• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2001

Background and Purpose : There have been many studys about the relationship between the meridians and the acupoints of the twelve meridians, but no study about the extra points. To verify Dong-Shi acupoints, a kind of extra points, we studied the effects on the thermal changes of the ankle region following acupuncture on the Wu-Hu. Object and Methods : This study was researched into clinical statistics for 45 healthy normal students. The object was divided into two groups. One was the control group and the other was the acupuncture group. The acupuncture group was divided into two groups ; ACU-up : The class of ascent thermal change among acupuncture group. ACU-dn : The class of descent thermal change among acupuncture group. First, in the control group, we took a picture at the ankle region(BL60, BL62, GB40, ST41) without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging System and did after 10 minutes respectively. Second, in the acupuncture group, we took a picture without any stimulation and then acupuncture on Wu-Hu and took a picture after 10 minutes in the same way respectively. Results : 1. In the control group, average thermal change of BL60, BL62, GB40 and ST41 was decreased(about $0.2^{\circ}C$) after 10 minutes. 2. The skin temperature of all measured parts was significantly lower in the ACU-dn group after 10 minutes. 3. There were no significant differences of thermal change between the control and the acupuncture group, between the control and ACU-up group after 10 minutes. Conclusion : This result indicated that the acupuncture on the Wu-Hu was effective at the ankle region. And so the more study is needed continuously.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.138-152
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• 2010

Objective: Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) is one of the representative prescriptions for invigoration of vitality and nourishing of the blood. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) on hair regrowth and cytokine changes in a shaving model of C57BL6 mice. Method: Five-week-old mice were acclimated for 1 week at a temperature between $21-23^{\circ}C{\acute{E}}$, 40-60% relative humidity, and 12h of a light/dark cycle before beginning of the experiment. There were two groups including normal saline (control) and a positive control of oral intake of Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) extract (sample) in 18 female mice. The test compounds were topically treated once a day over 14 days. The hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period of 14 days. Revelation of TGF-${\beta}1$ and EGF were also determined using immunohistochemistry. In addition to that, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-4 and IL-10 were determined in serum. Results: Hair regrowth in the sample group was promoted earlier and faster than the control group, as shown by concentrations of hairs and thick-hair ratio in the sample group. TGF-${\beta}1$ was not revealed in either control or sample group. EGF was strongly positive in out root sheath of some thick hair of the sample group. Serum IFN-$\gamma$ was significantly decreased in the sample group compared with the control group at 7 experimental days. However, it was not significantly decreased at 14 experimental days. Serum IL-4 was significantly increased in the sample group compared with the control group at 7 experimental days. However, it was not significantly decreased at 14 experimental days. Serum IL-10 was decreased in the sample group compared with the control group, but with no real statistical significance. Conclusion: These results suggest that Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) has hair growth promoting activity and it can be used for treatment of alopecia. Also, these effects relate to EGF revelation of hair roots, a decrease in serum IFN-$\gamma$, and an increase of serum IL-4.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.158-168
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to review clinical studies of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (LHIVD) treatment using acupuncture. Online database (PubMed, COCHRANE Library, EMBASE, CNKI, KISS, NDSL, KoreaMed, KMbase, OASIS, and KISTI) searches were conducted in May 2018. Studies that used acupuncture, electroacupuncture or warm needle acupuncture were included, along with participants who had lower back pain and radiating pain of their lower limbs consistent with radiological findings. Animal studies and nonclinical data were excluded. Data on treatment methods, site, time, frequency, period, and scales used were analyzed. There were 69 studies including 38 randomized controlled trials, 14 retrospective observational studies, and 17 clinical case studies. There were 51 acupoints selected for acupuncture treatment of LHIVD. The most frequently treated acupoints were BL23, BL25, BL24, and BL40. The mean treatment time, frequency, and duration were $26.06{\pm}6.70$ mins, $6.29{\pm}1.70$ times/week, and $20.57{\pm}11.04$ days, respectively, in randomized controlled trials (RCT), and $18.62{\pm}4.60$ mins, $11.58{\pm}3.99$ times/week, and $34.43{\pm}17.62$ days, respectively, in case/retrospective studies ($mean{\pm}SD$). This review collates information about acupuncture treatment methods for LHIVD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 1994

The purpose of the study is to investigate the actual conditions of ready-to-wear Hanbok and is to establish the standard sizes for the women's ready-to-wear Hanbok. Twelve ready-to-wear Hanbok shops were investigated for the actual survey. Body measurements were taken from May to June, 1990 from 329 female college students living in the Seoul and Buchon. The ages of the subjects were 18"26. Thirty seven measurements were taken from each subject and analized for the results. Data were analized by factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results were as follows ; 1. As a result of the actual survey, the situation of the quality label was not enough. The size classification was not unified, and was not trusted statistically, it cannot satisfied consumers. 2. Factor analysis identified the two dimensions of body measurements 1 one was relevant to the height measurements including stature and to the length measurements of limbs, and the other was relevant to the trunk girth measurements and the limbs girth measurements. 3. because of plane construction of Hanbok, employed in this thesis was bl-dimensional sizing system using two controle dimensions including height factor(stature) and girth factor(bust girth) . 4. The Multiple regression formula was developed for estimating secondary dimensions of Hanbok Construction, in which stature and bust girth were posited as independent variables. 5. As a results, about 88.6371 of expected distribution were covered by 9 sizes, which were used as the basis for defining sizing system for Hanbok construction.tion.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.344-352
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• 2000

Two kinds of nylon 6 fabrics with different fiber denier, such as ultramicro fiber(UMF) nonwoven fabric(monodenier 0.05d) and regular fabric(monodenier 2.92d) are dyed with C.I. Acid Red 18(leveling type) and C.I. Acid Blue 113(milling type). Dyeing rates and adsorption isotherms are measured at $60^\circ{C}$, pH 5.0 and at liquor ratio of 1 : 250. To investigate the effect of fixing agents (Matexil FA-SNX, Monorex-RD and Tinofix-ECO) on UMF nylon 6 nonwoven fabric, dyeing is carried out at 3~10% owf with 1 : 2 metal-complex acid dyes, such as Kayalax Navy R(unsulphonated type), Lanasyn Blue S-BL(monosulphonated type) and Kayakalan Black BGL(disulphonated type). The dyeing rate of UMF nylon 6 is faster than that of regular nylon 6. From the results of absorption isotherms, the regular nylon 6 has higher saturation value of Acid Red 18 compared with UMF nylon 6, whereas UMF nylon 6 has higher saturation value of the acid Blue 113. From the absorption isotherms of both acid dyes, the regular nylon 6 has higher saturation value of Acid Red 18, whereas UMF nylon 6 has higher saturation value of the acid Blue 113. The wash fastnesses of UMF nylon 6 increases in the order of metal-complek dye containing nonsulphonated group > monosulphonated group>disulphonated group. Aftertreatment of UMF nylon 6 dyed with unsulponated and monosulphonated dyes improves wash fastness upto grade 1.5, where as that of UMF nylon 6 dyes with disulphonated dye does not improve wash fastness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.260-266
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• 2020

Alcohol impacts many central nervous systems, such as dopamine, serotonin, opioids, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), leading to addiction. Many studies have investigated the relationship between GABA and alcoholism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GABA high and low rice intake on the alcohol intake behavior of mice. Black sticky rice with giant embryo (BSRGE), black sticky rice (BSR), giant embryo rice (GER), and rice (Rice) were germinated for 48 hr in brown rice. The embryos were then collected and used in the study. The diets were fed to respective C57BL/6 mouse groups ad libitum for 16 days and investigated for 2 hr alcohol intake, 22 hr water intake, 24 hr feed intake, and body weight. As a result of the repeated measure of ANOVA for the daily change of alcohol intake for 2 hr daily between the BSRGE and BSR groups, there was a significant difference in the number of days of intake (DF = 7, F = 4.812, p = 0.026). A significant daily decrease in alcohol intake was observed in the BSRGE group compared to the BSR group. This reduction was consistent from Day 10 to Day 16. Alcohol consumption also significantly decreased in the GER group compared to the Rice group. This decrease was observed from Day 12 to Day 16. In conclusion, BSRGE and GER resulted in decreased alcohol intake in C57BL/6 mice compared to BSR and rice. This suggests that BSRGE may prevent relapse in patients with alcohol use disorder.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.331-348
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• 1998

Purpose: In order to study the therapeutic effect of TBR(Smilacis glabrae Rhizoma) aqua-acupuncture on the $HgCI_2$(mercury bichloride) intoxicated kidneys of rats. Methods: 10% TBR extract solution was aqua-punctured into the bilateral loci of Shin-su(BL23), every other day for 18 days, and the amount of leucocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum BUN and creatinine levels were measured and renal mercury level and histopathological findings were studied as well. The experimental groups were into nonmaI group, control group, sample I group, sample II group and sample III group. Results: 1. There were not any significant changes of leucocytes, erythrocytes and serum creatinine level in the TBR aqua-acupuncture group, saline aqua-acupuncture group and TBR aqua-acupuncture group respectively as compared with control group. 2. It showed a significant increase of hematocrit and hemoglobin level in the TBR aqua-acupuncture group on the 8th experimental day as compared with the control group. 3. It showed a significant increase of platelet in the TBR aqua-acupuncture group on the 8th experimental day, whereas significant decreases on the 18th experimental day as compared with the control group. 4. It showed a significant decrease of serum BUN level in the TBR aqua-acupuncture group on the 8th and 18th experimental day as compared with the control group. 5. It showed a significant decrease of renal mercury level in the TBR aqua-acupuncture group on compared with the control group. 6. In the histopathological findings, TBR aqua-acupuncture group showed slight atrophy of the renal tubules, mitosis and regeneration of tubular lining cells with visible nuclei, whereas the control group showed acute tubular necrosis, especially severe necrosis of tubular epithelial cells. Conclusions: Smilacis glabrae Rhizoma aqua-acupuncture on injured kidneys Induced by HgCl2 Intoxication in Rats increases hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelet level, and decreases BUN, renal mercury level. This suggests that Smilacis glabrae Rhizoma aqua-acupuncture helps to recover kidney from HgCl2 intoxication.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2007

Background : Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is one of the principal inducers of interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) in lymphocytes. Materials and Methods : The effect of IL-18 on the expression of chemokine IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied by using Northern blot analysis, enzyme linked immunosobent assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results : IL-18 was determined to exert no direct effect on the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. However, IL-18 pretreatment was determined to play a cooperative role in the synergistic induction of LPS-induced IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA expression. The effect associated with IL-18 pretreatment with regard to the synergistic induction of LPS-induced IP-10 (CXCL10) mRNA expression was detected after 16 hr of IL-18 pretreatment, administered prior to LPS stimulation. The pattern of NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity during IL-18 pretreatment with LPS stimulation was found to coincide with the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. Conclusion : Although IL-18 alone exerts no direct effect on the expression of chemokine IP-10(CXCL10), a definite period of IL-18 pretreatment induces the synergistic expression of LPS-induced IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. NF-${\kappa}B$ activation is a component of this synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment. These results provide useful information, which may facilitate the elucidation of the action mechanisms underlying IL-18 effect on the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

In a variety of animal species, the perinatal exposure of experimental animals to the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo­p-dioxin (TCDD) leads to the immune dysfunction, which is more severe and persistent than that caused by adult exposure. We report here the changes of gene expression and the identification of the marker-genes representing the dioxin exposure. The expressions of the transcripts were analyzed using the 11 K oligonucleotide­microarray from the bone marrow cells of male C57BL/6J mice after an intraperitoneal injection of $1{\mu}g$ TCDD/kg body weight at various time intervals: gestational 6.5 day(G6.5), 13.5 day(G13.5), 18.5 day(G18.5), and postnatal 3 (P3W)and 6 week (P6W). The type of self-organizing maps(SOM) representing the specific exposure dioxin could be identified as follows; G6.5D(C14), G13.5D(C0, C5, C10, C18), G18.5D(7): P3W(C2, C21), and P6W(C4, C15, C20). The candidate marker-genes were restricted to the transcripts, which could be consistently expressed greater than $\pm$2-fold in three experiments. The resulting candidates were 85 genes, the characteristics of that were involved in cell physiology and cell functions such as cell proliferation and immune function. We identified the biomarker-genes for dioxin exposure: smc -like 2 from SOM C14 for the dioxin exposure at G6.5D, focal adhesion kinase and 6 other genes from C0, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 4a2 and 3 other genes from C5 for G13.5D, platelet factor 4 from C7 for G18.5D, fos from C2 for P3W.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2006

Use of products containing phytoecdysteroid (PE) as active principle has become popular in prominent sericultural areas of India for hastening larval maturation events and synchronizing cocoon spinning activities as an obvious advantage is assured. At times, the present recommendation of administering PE at the onset of spinning results in peak labour requirement at odd hrs. To enable making recommendation for the use of PE on $multi{\times}bivoltine$ silkworm hybrids based on the climatic conditions prevailing in different areas especially with regard to temperature, the experiment was taken up to determine proper treatment times so that the induced spinning will be more orderly and the labour can be leveraged more efficiently. Different brackets of low ($18-22^{\circ}C$), medium ($24-28^{\circ}C$) and high ($29-32^{\circ}C$) temperature were simulated during the latter half of V larval instar and cocoon spinning. PE was administered to $multi{\times}bivoltine$ silkworm ($BL67{\times}CSR101$) hybrid batches as per the recommended dose at three different times viz., 10 am, 4 pm and 10 pm. Three replicates of 100 larvae were maintained for each treatment. Absolute controls were also maintained in each temperature range to compare the results. Cumulative maturation percentage was recorded at 6 hrs interval to ascertain peak mounting span. The influence of the treatment on the cocoon traits also was studied. Based on the peak mounting span, it was evident that in low temperature 10 pm treatment would be better. In medium and high temperature, treatment at 4 pm proved to be a better option. The influence of the treatment times at different temperature range on labour management is discussed.