• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.78-91
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• 2002

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of bee venom on melanoma in C57BL mice. Materials and Methods : For the induction of melanoma, C57BL mice were treated by DMBA(7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene). Each group of C57BL mouse was treated with DMBA $50{\mu}g$, $75{\mu}g$, $100{\mu}g$ respectively once a week for 15 weeks. Tumor generation in each group of 10 mice was observed. Cumulative curves were showed in the density and frequency of skin tumor generation. To know the effects of pre-treatment of bee venom on tumor generation by DMBA treatment(frequency of tumor generation), Each group of C57BL mouse was pretreated and treated with bee venom $5{\mu}{\ell}$, $25{\mu}{\ell}$, $50{\mu}{\ell}$ respectively once a week for 3 weeks, whereafter each mouse was treated with DMBA $100{\mu}g$ once a week for 15 weeks. Results and Conclusion (1) There was chemotherapeutic effect, but not chemopreventive effect. (2) Cpp32 activity was increased by $50{\mu}{\ell}$ bee venom treatment. (3) Bee venom treatment inhibited expression of cell-cycle regulating, growth-promoting genes such as c-Jun, c-Fos, and Cyclin Dl, and increased tumor suppressors p53 and p21/Wafl. (4) Bee venom treatment activated expression of a representative apoptosis-inducing gene Bax.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.117-141
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• 2001

From documentary comparative study on the chief virtues of the Back-Su(兪) points and the Front-Mo(募) points, the following results are obtained : 1. Contrast the Back-Su(兪) points with the Front-Mo(募) points, the needle-steadying depth of the Front-Mo(募) points is deeper than that of the Back-Su(兪) points. and Moxibustion dosage of the Front-Mo(募) points is more than that of the Back-Su(兪) points. 2. In the case of Kimun(LR14) and Kansu(BL18), Kergwol(CV12) and Shimsu(BL15), Chungwan(CV12) and Wisu(BL21), Kyungmun(GB25) and Shinsu(BL23), the Back-Su(兪) points can be chiefly used for the treatment of acute disease, external disease, exess disease and Jang(臟)-disease. contrary the Front-Mo(募) points can be chiefly used for the treatment of chronic disease, internal disease, deficiency disease and Bu(腑)-disease. 3. In the case of Kwangwon(CV4) and Sojangsu(BL27), Serkmoon(CV5) and Samchosu(BL22), Changmun(LR13) and Bisu(BL20), Chungbu(LV1) and Pesu(BL20), Chungguk(CV3) and Banggwangsu(BL28), the Front-Mo(募) points can be used for the treatment of unbalanced visceral funtion. contrary the Back-Su(兪) points can be used for not only the treatment of unbalanced visceral funtion but also the treatment of attached organs. 4. The Back-Su(兪) points can be used for the treatment of acute disease, external disease, exess disease, Jang(臟)-disease and attached organs-disease. contrary the Front-Mo(募) points can be chiefly used for the treatment of chronic disease, internal disease, deficiency disease, and Bu(腑)-disease.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 1997

To determine whether bile juice exclusion can prevent the mucosal damage, and Insulin-like growth factor-I can promote mucosal regeneration in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the bowel, 39 weanling rats with 10 cm of Thiry-Vella loop were studied. Animal groups were; Control, BL(common bile duct ligation), IGF{insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) infusion} and IGF-BL(combined treatment). IGF-I(1.5 mg/kg/day) was continuously delivered through a subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pump. After 15 minutes of superior mesenteric artery clamping, a tissue specimen(P) was taken after 30 minutes of reperfusion. Intestinal continuity was restored to allow oral feeding. A specimen of main tract(M) and another of the Thiry-Vella loop(T) were collected for histomorphometry after 48 hours of reperfusion and free feeding. Villus size ratio(VSR), crypt depth(CD), crypt-depth/villus-height ratio(CVR) and injury score(IS) were measured in 15 consecutive villi. The postoperative mortalities of bile duct ligation groups(BL and IGF-BL) were higher than those of other groups. In control group, VSR of M was lower(P<0.05) than P or T, but not in the other groups. VSR of M in control was lower than those in other groups. CD of T in control, IGF and IGF-BL group were higher than those of M. CD of M and T showed gradual increments from control, IGF and IGF-BL group, respectively. CVR of M and T in IGF group were higher than those in control. CVR in IGF-BL group, T was higher than M, and M was higher than P. About IS, M of BL($20.1{\pm}2.5$) and IGF-BL($20.9{\pm}3.3$) groups were significantly lower than that of control($32.4{\pm}2.5$). These results suggest that the exclusion of bile juice reduces the severity of the reperfusion injury of the mucosa, by inability to activate pancreatic enzymes and IGF-I stimulates mucosal regeneration in injured bowel, and the effect is potentiated by bile juice exclusion.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2005

This study was carried out to analyze to the flavor components of Lindera obtusiloba BL leaf teas by different processing methods. 81 kinds of flavor components in the masted tea, 78 in the roasted tea after steaming, 88 in the withered tea, 86 in the fermented tea, 72 in the steamed tea, and 89 in the air dried tea ware by GC/MS. Hydrocarbones in Lindera obtusiloba BL leaf teas were 45 kinds of $\beta-piepne$, and 16 kinds of alcohols such as Linalool, n-octanoal, phenyl acetaldehyde, $(-)-\alpha-terpineol$, elemol, and cholest-5-en-3-ol. 11 kinds of ketones sachas 2-ethyl-2- propyl-cyclohexanone, and 8 kinds of aldehydes sach as phenyl acetaldehyde, tetradecanal, 10-undecanal, 4-Bromo-2-methylbutanal were found. Esters were methyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienate, didodecyl phthalace, 1,2-benzenediccarbaboxy acid-bis (2-ethylhexyl)ester and phenols was 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.626-632
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• 2005

A new bacterium BL-2 excreting a novel cationic polyglucosamine biopolymer was isolated from the spoiled leaves of Chinese cabbage and identified as Enterobacter sp. BL-2. The isolated Enterobacter sp. BL-2 was cultivated in pH-stat fed-batch culture using acetic acid as the feeding stock at pH 8.0, resulting in 17.11 g/l of cells and 1.53 g/l of an extracellular biopolymer after 72 h. The excreted biopolymer was purified by a three-step procedure, involving ethanol precipitation and deproteinizations, to a nearly homogeneous state, and its molecular weight was found to be 106 kDa. It was composed of glucosamine, rhamnose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 86.4:1.6:1.0, respectively, indicating a rarely found novel high-glucosamine-containing biopolymer. The FT-IR and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectra of the novel cationic polyglucosamine biopolymer PGB-l revealed a close identity with chitosan from crab shell. It can effectively flocculate various suspended solids, including kaolin clay, $Ca(OH)_2,\;Al_{2}O_3$, active carbon, microbial cells, and acidic dyes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2013

The essential oils of stems, roots, fruits and leaves of Lindera obtusiloba BL. were collected in the winter and summer extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In present study, 58 kinds of volatile components in the winter stems (WS), 70 in the winter roots (WR), 77 in the summer stems (SS), 78 in the summer roots (SR), 70 in the summer fruits (SF) and 76 in the summer leaves (SL) were identified. The results showed that, the major components were monoterpenes including ${\alpha}$-thujene (1.22~13.80%) camphene (1.56~18.40%), ${\beta}$-mycrene (1.75~9.27%), limonene (5.57~12.83%), ${\beta}$-phellandrene (3.03~7.72%), linalyl acetate (2.29~12.55%), dihydromycrene (0~11.15%), germacrene B (0~7.54%) of which the contents had major fluctuations in different seasons and parts. In general, monoterpenes were the major constituent of SF in L. obtusiloba BL. that have presented possibilities for industrial applications.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.778-790
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• 2008

This experiment investigated the effect of mixed extracts obtained from Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma on hair growth activity of the normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model of C57BL/6N mice for 16 days. First, we examined morphological regrowth of hair in normal and spontaneous alopecia model of C57BL/6N mice. Second, we examined immunoreactive density of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), c-kit and protein kinase $C-{\alpha}(PKC-{\alpha})$ in skin of normal C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. Third, we investigated expression of $TGF-{\beta}$, prolactin and placenta lactogen after topical application of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma to skin by RT-PCR. The results were as follows: Hair growth effect from middle and high concentration of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma was observed in 80% of normal mice in whose hair had been clipped in 15th days. Hair growth effect of all concentrations of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma was observed in 100% of spontaneous alopecia model of C57BL/6N mice in 15th days. Immunoreactive density of VEGF, c-kit and $PKC-{\alpha}$ in skin of all concentrations of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma were strongly stained in epidermis, bulge, secondary hair germ cells and cutaneous trunci m. compare to control group in 10th day. In experimental III group, Immunoreactive density of VEGF, c-kit and $PKC-{\alpha}$ in skin were strongly stained in inner and outer root sheath of skin. The treatment of mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma increased the expression of $TGF-{\beta}$, placenta lactogen and prolactin in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group. These experiments suggest that mixed extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. and Drynariae Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity and it can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 1988

Fruit piercing moths were collected at every other at orchaed(16.5ha) planted with plum, peach and pear, and surrounded by forest in Gyeongnam province from jun to September in 1987. Four black light (BL) traps were lightened to attract the moths from sunset to sunrise and sweep net was also used to catch the moths on fruit and around fruit trees from 22 to 23 o'clock, 20 minutes per fruit tree species. Forty-one species, including 15 primary piercing species(PPS) and 22 secondary piercing species (SPS), from 3 families were collected and identified as fruit piercing moths. Among them, 16 species are newly recorded as fruit piercing moths in Korea. O. emarginata, L. juno, P. stuposa, C. lata and O. excavata were diminant species of PPS, comprising 86.7% of the whole PPS. Dominant species of SPS were A. ipsilon, M. turca, S. retorata, A. livida and T. oldenlandiae, comprising 80.5% of the whole SPS. The ratios of PPS to the whole fruit piercing moths collected by BL traps and net were sweep 15.2% and 79.7%, repectively. By sweep net L. juno, P. stuposa, and O. emarginata was also captured in a large numbers on peach, C. lata was on plum, and S. retorata was on pear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 1988

The composition of lipid class and fatty acid of free lipids(FL) and bound lipids(BL at low temperature and BL at high temperature) from Mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus, L) was investigated with the chromatographic procedures. The contents of neutral lipid (NL), glycol lipids(GL) and phospholipids(PL) in FL were 89.1%, 7.1%, and 3.7%, on the other hand those of BL were $49{\sim}56%,\;28{\sim}29%\;and\;15{\sim}21%$, respectively. The major components of NL fraction were triglycerides, 1,2-diglycerides and esterified sterol in the lipids of FL and BL. Esteryl steryl glycosides and monogalactosyl diglycerides were observed as major GL components of FI and BL. Of the PL in FL and BL, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, diphosphatidyl glycerides and phosphatidyl choline were the major components. The predominent fatty acids of NL, GL and PL were linoleic, palmitic and linolenic acids. There are a little difference between the compositions of BL at low and high temperature extraction.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study is evaluation for significance of skin meridian-acupoints energy measurement system, and is verification of principle to measure the bio-ion charge on acupoints. Methods : To check a correlation between the MEP(Meridian Energy Potential) and bio-electric charge condition, ten acupoints(left/right BL meridian : BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20, BL23) were chosen. Based on basic theory concerning the upward trend of the bio-electric charge by cupping therapy, we measured MEP change before and after 600mmHg(80kPa) Negative pressure stimulation using cupping. Results : We could identify the correlation between MEP and the condition of bio-electric charge in acupoints. Also, we checked the balance or imbalance of left/right the MEP and unusual cases. Conclusions : We confirmed significance of proposed principle and meridian energy measurement system.