• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study Is to evaluate the effect of acupuncture treatment on the lunbar extensor muscle flexibility of normal people by comparing ICT(interferential current therapy) group. Methods : This study was carried out on 30 subjects employed using 15 qestionaires and radiography. Subjects were divided into two groups including acupuncture treatment group and ICT treatment group. In the control group, subjects were taken ICT treatment for 15 minutes and in the test group were needled at BL23, BL24, BL25, BL4O, BL52 and BL60 for 15 minutes. Then subjects did the sit and reach test and the standing and reach test, right after treatment and after 10minutes. Results : 1. Compared to the before -treatment result of the sit and reach test and standing and reach test, the after-treatment result showed the improved flexibility. 2. The result gained from the test group is slightly larger than that of the control group. Conclusion : We brought to the conclusion that acupuncture treatment has possibility to increase flexibility of lumbar extensor muscle.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.17
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• 2023

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical immune-response mediators. Although they largely reside in mucosal tissues, the kidney also bears substantial numbers. Nevertheless, kidney ILC biology is poorly understood. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are known to display type-2 and type-1 skewed immune responses, respectively, but it is unclear whether this extends to ILCs. We show here that indeed, BALB/c mice have higher total ILCs in the kidney than C57BL/6 mice. This difference was particularly pronounced for ILC2s. We then showed that three factors contributed to the higher ILC2s in the BALB/c kidney. First, BALB/c mice demonstrated higher numbers of ILC precursors in the bone marrow. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys associated with significantly higher IL-2 responses. Quantitative RT-PCR also showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys expressed higher levels of IL-2 and other cytokines known to promote ILC2 proliferation and/or survival (IL-7, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin). Third, the BALB/c kidney ILC2s may be more sensitive to the environmental signals than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s since they expressed their transcription factor GATA3 and the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-25 receptors at higher levels. Indeed, they also demonstrated greater responsiveness to IL-2 than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s, as shown by their greater STAT5 phosphorylation levels after culture with IL-2. Thus, this study demonstrates previously unknown properties of kidney ILC2s. It also shows the impact of mouse strain background on ILC2 behavior, which should be considered when conducting research on immune diseases with experimental mouse models.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

Objectives : This study is aimed to investigate acupuncture treatments for blurred vision, tinnitus, difficulty in urination and bi-syndrome caused by aging process through oriental medical documents. methods : We researched 21 oriental medical classics for the acupuncture treatments of blurred vision, tinnitus, difficulty in urination and bi-syndrome caused by aging or deficiency. Results & conclusions : 1. Disharmony between yin and yang, disharmony between organs, disharmony of essence, qi, spirit, blood and body fluid are the main features of aging. 2. ST36, BL18, BL10, CV24, ST1, BL23 have been most frequently used for acupuncture to treat blurred vision caused by aging. For moxibustion, ST36 has been most frequently used. 3. GB2, TE21, TE17, SI19, TE3 are the mainly used points for acupuncture to treat tinnitus and deafness caused by aging. For moxibustion, LI1 and BL15 have been most frequently used. 4. CV3, CV7, CV4, BL67, LR8, LR4 have been most frequently used to treat difficulty in urination caused by aging. 5. LI11, GB34, GB30, LI4, ST36, TE10, TE5, Sama (extra point) have been most frequently used to treat numbness, paralysis and bi syndrome caused by aging.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제4권
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• pp.114-118
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• 1986

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 mouse의 산자수(産仔數) 및 생시체중에 대한 유전자(遺傳子) 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여, BALB/c, CBA, C3H 및 C57BL의 4계통(系統)을 양면교잡(兩面交雜)시켜 생산(生産)된 후대(後代) 362마리를 대상으로 조사(調査) 분석(分析)한 것이다. 공시(供試)된 mouse는 1984년(年) 11월(月)에 경북대학교(慶北大學校) 농과대학(農科大學) 부속동물사육장(附屬動物飼育場)에서 생산(生産)되었으며, Griffing 방법(方法)에 의하여 일반결합능력(一般結合能力), 특수결합능력(特殊結合能力) 그리고 상반교잡(相反交雜) 효과(效果) 등(等)이 분석(分析)되었다. 일반결합능력(一般結合能力) 효과(效果)는 산자수(産仔數)에서 -0.4163~0.3337 그리고 생시체중(生時體重)에서 -0.0356~0.0894로 추정(推定)되었으나 유의차(有意差)는 인정되지 않았다. 특수결합능력(特殊結合能力) 효과(效果)는 산자수(産仔數)에서 -1.0388~1.7913 그리고 생시체중(生時體重)에서 -0.1144~0.1343으로 추정(推定)되었으나 유의차(有意差)는 인정되지 않았다. 상반교잡(相反交雜) 효과(效果) 추정치(推定値)는 유의성(有意性)이 인정되었는데 산자수(産仔數)의 경우 BALB/c${\times}$C3H에서 -2.36, CBA${\times}$C57BL에서 1.84, BALB/c${\times}$CBA에서 -1.50이었고, 생시체중(生時體重)의 경우 CBA${\times}$C57BL에서 -0.26 BALB/c${\times}$CBA에서 0.15 그리고 BALB/c${\times}$C57BL에서 -0.15이었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2011

Objectives : To classify needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in Emergency Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold (EFWTG) and Supplement to the Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold (SFWTG). Methods : We found needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in EFWTG and SFWTG, then investigated the influences of needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints on A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Results : In EFWTG, the needling-prohibited points were LI13, ST17, BL56, TE8, CV8, CV15 and GV24. Acupoints needed careful needling were LU2, ST12, KI2, KI7, TE19, GB3 and jwagak. The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST8, ST9, ST17, ST32, ST33, BL6, BL30, TE18, TE23, GB33, GB42, CV5, CV15, GV6, GV15, GV16 and GV17. Acupoints needed careful moxibustion were ST7, ST30, TE21 and GB22. In SFWTG, the needling-prohibited points were LU2, LI13, ST12, ST17, ST32, BL56, KI2, KI7, TE8, TE19, GB3, CV8, CV15, GV24 and jwagak. The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST7, ST8, ST9, ST17, ST30, ST32, ST33, BL6, BL30, TE18, TE23, GB22, GB33, GB42, CV5, CV15, GV6, GV15, GV16, GV17 and ijung. Conclusions : There were 7 needling-prohibited points, 7 acupoints needed careful needling, 20 moxibustion-prohibited points, and 4 acupoints needed careful needling in EFWTG, and 15 needling-prohibited points and 24 moxibustion-prohibited points in SFWTG. The needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion had a strong influence on those in the two literatures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10577-10583
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• 2015

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, is typically associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of TNBCs show the expression of basal markers on gene expression profiling and most authors accept TNBC as basal-like (BL) breast cancer. However, a smaller fraction lacks a BL phenotype despite being TNBC. The literature is silent on non-basal-like (NBL) type of TNBC. The present study was aimed at defining behavioral differences between BL and NBL phenotypes. Objectives: i) Identify the TNBCs and categorize them into BL and NBL breast cancer. ii) Examine the behavioral differences between two subtypes. iii) Observe the pattern of treatment failure among TNBCs. Materials and Methods: All TNBC cases during January 2009-December 2010 were retrieved. The subjects fitting the inclusion criteria of study were differentiated into BL and NBL phenotypes using surrogate immunohistochemistry with three basal markers $34{\beta}E12$, c-Kit and EGFR as per the algorithm defined by Nielsen et al. The detailed data of subjects were collated from clinical records. The comparison of clinicopathological features between two subgroups was done using statistical analyses. The pattern of treatment failure along with its association with prognostic factors was assessed. Results: TNBC constituted 18% of breast cancer cases considered in the study. The BL and NBL subtypes accounted for 81% and 19% respectively of the TNBC group. No statistically significant association was seen between prognostic parameters and two phenotypes. Among patients with treatment failure, 19% were with BL and 15% were with NBL phenotype. The mean disease free survival (DFS) in groups BL and NBL was 30.0 and 37.9 months respectively, while mean overall survival (OS) was 31.93 and 38.5 months respectively. Treatment failure was significantly associated with stage (p=.023) among prognostic factors. Conclusions: Disease stage at presentation is an important prognostic factor influencing the treatment failure and survival among TNBCs. Increasing tumor size is related to lymph node positivity. BL tumors have a more aggressive clinical course than that of NBL as shown by shorter DFS and OS, despite having no statistically significant difference between prognostic parameters. New therapeutic alternatives should be explored for patients with this subtype of breast cancer.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Objectives : The experiment was performed to investigate promotive effects of haeae-tang (HET) extract, a traditional Korean medicinal recipe, on hair growth, protein and gene expression in hair-removed C57BL/6. Methods : In experiment, animals were divided into 3 groups including normal (vehicle), HET ethanol extract and 5% minoxidil-treated groups (Minoxidil, positive control). The vehicle or testing samples were daily treated with 0.2ml per on hair-shaved dorsal skin of C57BL/6mice for 15 days. Effects of testing samples on hair growth was monitored through phototrichogram analysis by folliscope on the initial, $5^{th}$, $10^{th}$, $15^{th}$ day, respectively. Also, gene and protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), relevant to hair growth, were examined. Results : Hair density and hair thickness of Minoxidil treated-group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$day, respectively. Dorsal hair density of HET treated-group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$day. In addition, the Minoxidil group significantly increased the expression of cutaneous IGF-1 protein and mRNA compared to that of the vehicle-applied group on the $15^{th}$ day. And HET-treated group significantly increased the expression of dorsal VEGF protein compared to that of the vehicle-applied group on the $15^{th}$ day. Conclusions : These results suggest that this Korean medicinal recipe, HET has promoting activity on hair growth in an Alopecia animal model thus it can be used as a material of agent or products for improvement or prevention of alopecia.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2020

고시히카리는 도열병과 쓰러짐에 약하지만 밥맛 좋은 쌀로 유명하고, 육성된 지 60년이 넘은 지금까지도 일본에서 가장 많이 재배되는 품종이다. 고시히카리에 도열병에 강하면서 생육이 빠른 백일미를 교배한 RIL집단(KBRIL)에서 도열병 저항성에 대한 유전분석을 수행하여 저항성 유전자의 염색체 상 위치를 규명하고, 고시히카리의 우수한 미질을 보유하면서 도열병에도 강한 계통을 선발하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 고시히카리×백일미 RIL 394계통과 모·부본의 도열병 저항성(전주, 남원) 및 주요 농업형질을 조사하고, 유전 분석을 위해 사용된 142계통으로 총 130개 SNP 마커, 1,272.7cM의 유전자지도를 작성하였다. 도열병 저항성 QTL 분석 결과 전주에서는 1번 염색체의 qBL1.1이, 남원에서는 전주와 동일한 qBL1.1과 추가로 2번 염색체의 qBL2.1이 탐지되었다. 2. RIL 394계통의 qBL1.1과 qBL2.1 유전자형을 도출하고 각 QTL의 백일미 대립인자 집적에 의한 도열병 저항성 강화 효과를 관찰하였다. 전주에서는 qBL1.1의 경우에만 백일미 대립인자 집적에 의하여 도열병 저항성이 강화되었다. 반면 남원에서는 qBL1.1, qBL2.1 모두 백일미 대립인자가 집적될 때 도열병 저항성이 강화되었다. qBL1.1, qBL2.1은 출수기, 간장, 수장, 수수를 포함한 주요 농업형질에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 3. 고시히카리×백일미 RIL 394계통 중에서 출수기와 간장을 기준으로 고시히카리와 유사하면서 도열병에 약/강한(KS/KR) 계통과 백일미와 유사하면서 도열병에 강한(BR) 계통을 각 15계통씩 선발하였다. KR 그룹은 완전 미율이 가장 우수하여 밥맛 검정, 수량성 등 추가조사를 통해 고시히카리의 우수한 밥맛을 지니면서 도열병 저항성을 보유한 고품질 밥쌀용 품종개발에 활용할 계획이다. 또한 BR그룹은 미질이 우수하면서 출수가 빠른 고품질 품종 개발에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the meaning and the importance of needling or moxibustion- prohibited acupoints in Chimgugapeulgyeong(鍼灸甲乙經). Methods : We found needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in Chimgugapeulgyeong, then investigated the causes of the prohibitions from the various literatures and the anatomical structures near the acupoints. Results : In Chimgugapeulgyeong, the needling and moxibustion-prohibited points were ST9, ST17, ST32, CV5, and CV15. The needling-prohibited points were LU2, LI13, ST12, BL56, KI2, KI7, TE8, TE19, GB3, CV8, GV24, and jwagak(左角). The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST7, ST8, ST30, ST33, BL5, BL6, BL15, BL30, TE18, TE21, TE23, GB22, GB33, GB42, GV6, GV15, GV16, GV17 and GV25. The major cause of developing prohibited needling or moxibustion was due to the possibility to damage vessels or organs near them; other causes were side effects brought by applying wrong stimulating method or inducing women sterilized. Conclusions : The prohibition of needling or moxibustion on the points found in Chimgugapeulgyeong had acceptable causes. Therefore the techniques of needling or moxibustion on the acupoint should be performed with care.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to suggest effective lunge exercise methods for various purposes by comparing differences in the muscle activity of thigh and plantar pressure according to changes in base of support during lunge exercises. Methods: The subjects were 20 college students who agreed to participate in the experiment. They performed three types of lunges-a basic lunge (BL), wide lunge (WL), and narrow lunge (NL). In a static position during each lunge, the muscle activity of the thigh and plantar pressure were measured. Each movement was maintained for 7 seconds, and the muscle activity for the 3 seconds in the middle was measured and analyzed. The plantar pressure was divided into six areas for analysis. The subjects randomly performed the lunges to prevent the influence of an experimental sequence. Each movement was performed three times, and the mean value of the three measurements was analyzed. Results: The analysis of muscle activities in the thigh during the three lunge movements showed statistically significantly higher muscle activity of biceps femoris in WL and NL than BL. Moreover, the analysis of plantar force showed statistically significant differences between BL and WL and WL and NL on the medial-forefoot and medial-midfoot, as well as between BL and WL and BL and NL on the lateral-midfoot. The analysis of plantar contact pressure exhibited statistically significant differences between BL and NL and WL and NL on the medial-forefoot, as well as a statistically significant difference between WL and NL on the medial-midfoot and lateral-hindfoot. Conclusion: This study suggests that changing the base of support during lunges can be useful to suit the purposes of various rehabilitation programs.