• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 1986

Hydrocarbon solution of $Cp_2Zr(CH_3)Cl$ react rapidly with $Na_2Fe(CO)_4$ (1/2 equiv.) to yield $[Cp_2Zr(CH_3)]_2Fe(CO)_4$ and NaCl. The more soluble metal-metal bonded complex $[Cp_2ZrC_8H_{17}]_2Fe(CO)_2$ has also been prepared through the reaction of $Cp_2Zr(C_8H_{17})BF_4$ and $Na_2Fe(CO)_4 (1/2 equiv.). The complexes were characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, ^{13}C$ NMR, and elemental analysis. The infrared spectrum of $[Cp_2ZrR]_2Fe(CO)_4$ shows four bands, which is indicative of a cis-structure. The $^{13}C$ NMR spectrum provides evidence for the cis-structure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1554-1557
• /
• 2020

Looking at the direction of the recent amendments of 802.11 family, there are two major trends. One is to enable the wireless transceivers to support the extremely high-speed wireless transmissions, which has been the mainstream so far. Another big trend is providing a high-performance wireless application platform that meets the demands of the market. This paper summarizes the brand-new IEEE 802.11 amendments from 11ax to 11bf under development by analyzing the innovative features and use cases on them. We provide the vision and direction for the research on the revolutionary data-hungry Wi-Fi 6 and the IEEE 802.11be, alias Wi-Fi 7.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 1981

Fatty acids were prepared from oil from Korean Panax ginseng root and were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography. The major fatty acids in the Korean Panax ginseng root oil were found to be linoleic 42.62%, palmitic 29.85%, oleic 12.31%, stearic 7.88% and linolenic acid 7.34%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1667-1673
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study was to estimate economic weights of Hanwoo carcass traits that can be used to build economic selection indexes for selection of seedstocks. Data from carcass measures for determining beef yield and quality grades were collected and provided by the Korean Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE). Out of 1,556,971 records, 476,430 records collected from 13 abattoirs from 2008 to 2010 after deletion of outlying observations were used to estimate relative economic weights of bid price per kg carcass weight on cold carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS) and the phenotypic relationships among component traits. Price of carcass tended to increase linearly as yield grades or quality grades, in marginal or in combination, increased. Partial regression coefficients for MS, EMA, BF, and for CW in original scales were +948.5 won/score, +27.3 $won/cm^2$, -95.2 won/mm and +7.3 won/kg when all three sex categories were taken into account. Among four grade determining traits, relative economic weight of MS was the greatest. Variations in partial regression coefficients by sex categories were great but the trends in relative weights for each carcass measures were similar. Relative economic weights of four traits in integer values when standardized measures were fit into covariance model were +4:+1:-1:+1 for MS:EMA:BF:CW. Further research is required to account for the cost of production per unit carcass weight or per unit production under different economic situations.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.964-974
• /
• 2022

Objective: The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a threat to the poultry industry and economy and remains a potential source of pandemic infection in humans. Antiviral genes are considered a potential factor for studies on HPAIV resistance. Therefore, in this study, we investigated gene expression related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway by comparing non-infected, HPAI-infected resistant, and susceptible Ri chicken lines. Methods: Resistant (Mx/A; BF2/B21) and susceptible Ri chickens (Mx/G; BF2/B13) were selected by genotyping the Mx and BF2 genes. Then, the tracheal tissues of non-infected and HPAIV H5N1 infected chickens were collected for RNA sequencing. Results: A gene set overlapping test between the analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functionally categorized genes was performed, including biological processes of the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways. A total of 1,794 DEGs were observed between control and H5N1-infected resistant Ri chickens, 432 DEGs between control and infected susceptible Ri chickens, and 1,202 DEGs between infected susceptible and infected resistant Ri chickens. The expression levels of MAPK signaling pathway-related genes (including MyD88, NF-κB, AP-1, c-fos, Jun, JunD, MAX, c-Myc), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), type I interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β), and IFN-stimulated genes (Mx1, CCL19, OASL, and PRK) were higher in H5N1-infected than in non-infected resistant Ri chickens. MyD88, Jun, JunD, MAX, cytokines, chemokines, IFNs, and IFN-stimulated expressed genes were higher in resistant-infected than in susceptible-infected Ri chickens. Conclusion: Resistant Ri chickens showed higher antiviral activity compared to susceptible Ri chickens, and H5N1-infected resistant Ri chickens had immune responses and antiviral activity (cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and IFN-stimulated genes), which may have been induced through the MAPK signaling pathway in response to H5N1 infection.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.232-241
• /
• 1996

This study was designed to compare the effect of different dietary fats on plasma lipids, the degree of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in RBC and liver rats treated with or wighout 1, 2-dimethylhydrazing (DMH). Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks-old, were divided into control and DMH-treated grous, and each group was again subdivided into four were perilla oil (PO), blend fat (BF) containing ten different kinds of dietary oil, beef tallow (BT), corn oil (CO). At the same time, each rat was injected intramusculary with saline(for control) or DMH twice a week for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180 mg/kg body weight. Compared with BT feeding, BF reduced plasma total choesterol level and PO and Co reduced plasma TG levels (p<0.05). DMH injection decreased plasma cholesterol in all dietary groups. However, PO decreased tocopherol levels and increased TBARS levels in RBC compared to BT. The degree of hemolysis in PO group was higher than that of BT group (p<0.05 only in control group. Fatty acid composition of hepatic microsome was reflected by dietary fatty acid profile. The peroxidizability index and TBARS level in hepatic micorsome were significantly increased but tocopherol level was lowered in PO group compared to BT group. Activites of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in RBC and hepatic cytosol were not influenced y dietary fats and DMH treatment(p<0.05). Overall, perilla oil rich in $\omega$3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid could be a very important dietary source in reducing plasma lipids and blend fat was also good dietary oil mixture in reducing plasma cholesterol. However, the degree of lipid peroxidation was greater in tissue by perilla oil feeding and it is very difficult to use only perilla oil as oil source for meal preparation, so that it could be suggested to use more perilla oil and fish to give an equal effect of blend fat in order to reduce the risk factors against cardiovascular disease.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 1996

The study was designed to observe the effects of different dietary fat consumed in Korea with those of three other fats on colonic epithelial cell phospholipid and phosphatidyl inositol composition, which were known as biomarker for colon cancer. Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into control and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) -treated group that was again subdivided into four groups. The experimental diets contained one of four dietary fats at 15%(w/w) level, those were, blend fat(BF), beef tallow(BT), corn oil (CO) or perilla oil (PO) At the same time, each rat was injected nth saline for control group or DMH twice a week for 6 weeks to five total dose of 180 mg/kg body weight. Dietary fatty acid composition influenced the fatty acid compositions of tissues. Proportions of C18:2 colonic mucosal phospholipid well reflected dietary level of C18:2 showing in decending CO>BF>PO> BT. The percentage of C20:4 in phospholipid was the higher in CO and BT groups and the lowest in PO groups. Incorporation of -linolenic acid in colonic mucosal lipid In perilla oil group was negatively correlated to the content of C20:4. Therefore, $\omega$3-linolenic acid rich in perilla oil could be a very important dietary source in controlling arachidonic acid level in colon epithelial cell. Therefore it could be recommend to use more perilla oil in meal preparation to reduce the risk factor against colon cancer.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Cention N (Ivoclar Vivadent) was a recently introduced alkasite-based restorative material that was expected to replace amalgam and glass ionomer cement. This material was an esthetic restoration with adequate mechanical strength and release of fluoride and calcium. The purpose of this study was to measure the water sorption and water solubility of Cention N and evaluate its long-term durability compared to other esthetic restorations (Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer cement [RMGIC], Giomer, Composite Resin). Materials and Methods: Twenty specimens each of Cention N (CN), Resin Modified-Glass Ionomer Cement (FJ), Giomer (BF), and Composite Resin (FZ) were made. After each specimen was completely dried in a desiccator for 24 hours using a vacuum pressure pump, the specimen was weighed (m1). After that, the specimen was immersed in distilled water at 37℃ for 7 days, stored in a drying oven, and weighed (m2). After drying completely for 24 hours in a desiccator, the specimen was weighed (m3) to calculate the water absorption and water solubility using Formulas 1 and 2. The measured values were statistically processed and analyzed using SPSS, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Result: When measuring water sorption, FJ (122.61 ㎍/mm³) showed significantly higher water sorption than CN (35.42 ㎍/mm³) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between FZ (18.03 ㎍/mm³) and BF (14.76 ㎍/mm³) (P=0.930). When measuring water solubility, CN (6.65 ㎍/mm³) showed significantly higher water solubility than FJ (1.47 ㎍/mm³) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cention N had lower water sorption than RMGIC, but higher water solubility, indicating that it is more vulnerable to moisture and has lessened long-term durability.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to broaden our understanding of the predisposing factor and treatment of dislocation by analyzing and evaluating the morphology of the articular eminence (AE) in subjects with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups: dislocation (31 subjects) and control (32 subjects). CBCT was used to examine 126 TMJs in 63 subjects (26 males, 37 females). The height, width, and posterior slope of the AE were measured in the parasagittal plane. The posterior slope was measured using the "top-roof line angle (TR angle)" method and the "best-fit line angle (BF angle)" method. The AE on the left side (AEL) and the AE on the right side (AER) of the subjects in the dislocation group were separately analyzed and compared with the control group after taking measurements. The average value of both sides was used when comparing with subjects with bilateral dislocation. Results: Dislocations were more frequent in females (67.7%) than in males (32.3%). The dislocation group showed a gentler TR angle than the control group in the AER and in the average of AE on the both sides (AEB). The same group also showed a wider AE in the AEL and the AER (p<0.05). In subjects with unilateral dislocation, the width of the AE with dislocation was narrower and the TR angle and BF angle was steeper than the other side without dislocation (p<0.05). Conclusions: In subjects with unilateral TMJ dislocation, the posterior slope of the AE is steeper, and the width is narrower at the site of dislocation compared to the site without dislocation. However, in subjects with bilateral TMJ dislocation, AEB were wider, and the mean value of the posterior slope of AEB was gentler than that of the control group.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.466-477
• /
• 1994

PEG 600-diglycidyl ethers(PDE) were synthesized using $BF_3$ catalyst by the reaction of epichlorohydrin and PEG 600 which is known to have the hygroscopicity, softening property, and antistatic property. Water-soluble long chain polyamines(PDET) were synthesized by coreaction of PDE and triethylenetetramine which is high conductive aliphatic amine curing agent. To prevent the gelation of the PDET and increase the water-solution stability, water-soluble quaternary ammonium polyamines were synthesized by cationation of PDET with acetic acid. Antistatic agents PDET-2A, PDET-5A, PDET-6A, PDETA-2A and PDETA-4A were prepared by the mixing of PDET-2, PDET-5, PDET-6, PDETA-2 and PDETA-4 with water. Synthesized antistatic agents were treated on PET textiles with and without resin. Then surface electrical resistivity and half life characteristics value were tested. As the results there were no remarkable decreasing changes in antistatic abilities of the textiles treated with PDETA-2A and PDETA-4A after 50 times washing. So PDETA-2A and PDETA-4A were proved to be durable antistatic agents. Surface electrical resistivity of the textiles treated with PDETA-2A and PDETA-4A before washing were $1{\times}10^7{\Omega}$ and $2{\times}10^7{\Omega}$, respectively, and half life characteristics values were 0.8sec and 1.1sec, respectively. Therefore PDETA-2A and PDETA-4A were proved to be good antistatic agents.