• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2006년 창립20주년기념 정기학술대회 및 국제워크샵
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• pp.74-79
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• 2006

General formula are presented for the maximum power available from the tidal head in a closed basin and from the tidal currents in a channel connecting two large bodies of water. In the latter case, the available energy cannot be estimated from the kinetic energy flux in the undisturbed state, but can be obtained from knowledge of the tidal head between the ends of the channel and the maximum volume flux in the undisturbed state. The results are supported by detailed calculations for Johnstone Strait, British Columbia, using a two-dimensional finite element model. The model also allows an extension to the case of multiple channels. More work is needed to allow for partial tidal fences which do not occupy the whole cross-section of a channel.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 2002년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to develop a new oil combustion technology concerning industrial furnaces and kilns, not only to save energy but also to reduce environmental emissions. Of many kinds of such technologies we chose the high temperature air combustion technology which was initiated by the British steel company in '80s and developed further by the American burner company "North American". In this study it was carried out to test regenerative burner experimentally and to have an applicability to industry. From the variation of configuration of gas nozzle and hot test on the temperature distribution and NOx, it was found out that the reduction of NOx was due to the effect of internal gas recirculation, which will be caused by air emitting velocity from burner nozzle.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.155-167
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• 1990

Ginseng Is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax quinquefolium in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native deciduous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a surface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximum machinery usage and to minimize labor requirements. Further, with only a four- years growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semi-arid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture level become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and many environments promotes high soil moisture levels. Also, the modified environment redlines soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is suloptimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains. Keywords Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, cultivation, ginseng production.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.297-309
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• 1990

Ginseng is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax Vtiinvtiefolilim in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native decidous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a sllrface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximillm machinery useage and to minimize labour requirements. Further, with only a four-year growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semiarid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture levels become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and much environment promotes high soil moistilre levels. Also, the modified environment reduces soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is sub-optimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.3155-3166
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• 2024

While several nuclear energy newcomer (NEN) countries have shown interest in small modular reactors (SMRs) as a potential energy source, this interest can generate new uncertainties regarding future nuclear weapons proliferation risks. Therefore, this research seeks to determine whether future SMR deployment in NEN countries will contribute to nuclear weapons proliferation, and how the risks can be mitigated. This research uses the Bayesian network statistical approach in conjunction with surveys of experts to assess nuclear proliferation risks when NEN countries deploy SMRs or a large commercial nuclear reactor. The results indicate that an NEN with a strong commitment to the nuclear non-proliferation norms and a stable security environment will experience a lower probability of having higher proliferation risks relative to the United Arab Emirates. Specifically, we demonstrate that experts anticipate a minimal escalation in proliferation risks across different SMR types. Instead, the results show that enrichment or reprocessing (E&R) facilities, if associated with an SMR, exert a substantial influence on proliferation risks. Lastly, implementing a spent nuclear fuel (SNF) retrieval system could serve as an option to mitigate proliferation risks in an NEN country. These findings offer insights for leading nuclear supplier countries to alleviate the potential proliferation risks by NEN countries.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2016

According to most of energy sector experts, at least in the next two decades, fossil energy plays important role in fulfilling required energy in the world. Based on these conditions, the investigation of the conditions of major countries providing natural gas in the world can be useful in analysis of future development of this clean fuel. According to the latest estimations of British Petroleum Company, Iran with 18.2% natural gas reservoirs has the first natural gas reservoirs in the world. The main purpose of this paper is developing scenarios of gas industry in Iran. To achieve the mentioned goals, besides investigation of existing methods of scenario design and existing production scenarios, natural gas export and consumption in Iran and the world in 2035, the most important scenarios of gas industry in Iran are formulated by critical uncertainty analysis approach using quantitative advanced time based impact analysis in 2035 horizon.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.293-298
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• 2008

This paper attempts to quantify the effect of mismatch in creep properties on steady-state stress distributions for a welded branch vessel. A particular geometry for the branch vessel is chosen. The vessel is modeled by only two materials, the base and weld metal. Idealized power law creep laws with the same creep exponents are assumed for base and weld metals. A mismatch factor is introduced, as a function of the creep constant and exponent. Steady-state stress distributions within the weld metal, resulting from threedimensional, elastic-creep finite element (FE) analyses, are then characterized by the mismatch factor. We can find that average stresses in the weld can be characterized by the mis-match factor. And there is an analogy between elastic-creep and elastic-perfectly plastic.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1297-1302
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• 2008

Environmental conferences in international society have held on Rio de Janeiro from UNCED in 1992 upward (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development) for countermeasure of environmental matters. Developed countries like United States, Japan, Canada and British are to take effect building performance certification criteria what is certification system of environment for promotion in aspects of eco-friendly buildings. Purposes of this study are research in standards and status of certification systems which are LEED in USGBC since 1993 in United States, GBCC of KGBC in state-run organization since 2002 and 'Environmental-friendly Building Guidelines' of Seoul to be recently driven. And then, offer proposals of promotion aims for revitalization in GBCC.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2022

It is widely known that axially loaded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) confined concrete presents significant and enhanced mechanical properties with reference to the unconfined concrete. Therefore, to predict the mechanical behavior of FRP-confined concrete two quantities-peak strength and ultimate strain are required. Despite the significant advances, the determination of the ultimate strain of FRP-confined concrete is one of the most challenging problems to be resolved. This is often attributed to our persistence in desiring the conventional methods as the sole technique to examine this phenomenon and the complex nature of the ultimate strain of FRP-confined concrete. To bridge the research gap, this study adopted two machine learning (ML) techniques-artificial neural network (ANN) and Gaussian process regression (GPR)-to analyze observations obtained from 627 datasets of FRP-confined concrete circular and non-circular sections under axial loading test. Besides, the techniques are also used to predict the ultimate strain of FRP-confined concrete. Seven parameters namely width/diameter of the specimens, corner radius ratio, the strength of concrete, FRP elastic modulus, FRP thickness, FRP tensile rupture strain, and the axial strain of unconfined concrete-are the input parameters used to predict the ultimate strain of FRP-confined concrete. The results of the current study highlight the merit of using AI techniques in structural engineering applications given their extraordinary ability to comprehend multidimensional phenomena of FRP-confined concrete structures with ease, low computational cost, and high performance over the existing empirical models.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

Environmental issues have become gradually important around the globe, which has increased society needs for the environment-friendly construction. In an effort to realize the environmental protection and energy efficiency, the British BREEAM has been developed, which is followed by the USA LEED, Japanese CASBEE and other national certification systems based on their own conditions. In this end, the Republic of Korea has implemented its own certification system named GBCS(Green Building Certification System) in 2002, and now actively promoted the G-SEED(Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design) after GBCS modifications and amendments. The purpose of this study is to identify possible problems to be encountered in the process of the G-SEED for office facilities and to provide relevant solutions. In this end, three office facilities have been selected, which had obtained the G-SEED. This study has analyzed reasons of change of assessment scores between the preliminary certification and the main certification phases, has identified problems through in-depth interviews with practicing professionals(design, construction, eco-friendly consulting firm) and then has reached a conclusion for improvements. This study will be possibly used as reference materials for improvements of the green building certification system, and further detailed studies on respective parts will be required for improvements.