• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.606-610
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• 2019

In this study, we demonstrated that the nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on the flexible carbon fiber bundle electrode with BDD nanocomposites (CF-BDD electrode). As a nano seeding method for the deposition of BDD on flexible carbon fiber, electrostatic self-assembly technique was employed. Surface morphology of BDD coated carbon fiber electrode was observed by scanning electron microscopy. And the electrochemical characteristics were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. This CF-BDD electrode exhibited a large surface area, a direct electron transfer between the redox species and the electrode surface and a high catalytic activity, resulting in a wider linear range (3.75~50 mM), a faster response time (within 3 s) and a higher sensitivity (388.8 nA/mM) in comparison to a bare CF electrode. As a durable and flexible electrochemical sensing electrode, this brand new CF-BDD scheme has promising advantages on various electrochemical and wearable sensor applications.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2019

Stability and activity of boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode are key factors for water treatment. In this study, BDD electrodes were prepared on various substrates such as Nb, Si, Ti, and $TiN_x/Ti$ by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. BDD/Ti film showed the delamination between BDD and Ti substrate due to the formation of TiC layer caused by diffusion of carbon. On the other hand, $BDD/TiN_x/Ti$ showed remarkably improved stability, compared to BDD/Ti. It was confirmed that $TiN_x$ intermediate layer act as barrier layer for diffusion of carbon. High potential window of 2.8 eV was maintained on the $BDD/TiN_x/Ti$ electrode and, better wastewater treatment capability and longer electrode working life than BDD/Nb, BDD/Si and BDD/Ti were obtained.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2017

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has an extremely wide potential window in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, very low and stable background current and high resistance to surface fouling due to weak adsorption. These features endow the BDD electrode with potentially wide electrochemical applications, in such areas as wastewater treatment, electrosynthesis and electrochemical sensors. In this study, the characteristics of the BDD electrode were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated by accelerated life test. The effects of manufacturing conditions on the BDD electrode were determined and remedies for negative effects were noted in order to improve the electrode lifetime in wastewater treatment. The lifetime of the BDD electrode was influenced by manufacturing conditions, such as surface roughness, seeding method and rate of introduction of gases into the reaction chamber. The results of this study showed that BDD electrodes manufactured using sanding media of different sizes resulted in the most effective electrode lifetime when the particle size of alumina used was from $75{\sim}106{\mu}m$ (#150). Ultrasonic treatment was found to be more effective than polishing treatment in the test of seeding processes. In addition to this, BDD electrodes manufactured by introducing gases at different rates resulted in the most effective electrode lifetime when the introduced gas had a composition of hydrogen gas 94.5 vol.% carbon source gas 1.6 vol.% and boron source gas 3.9 vol.%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2017

For several decades, industrial processes consume a huge amount of raw water for various objects that consequently results in the generation of large amounts of wastewater. There effluents are mainly treated by conventional technologies such are aerobic, anaerobic treatment and chemical coagulation. But, there processes are not suitable for eliminating all hazardous chemical compounds form wastewater and generate a large amount of toxic sludge. Therefore, other processes have been studied and applied together with these techniques to enhance purification results. These techniques include photocatalysis, absorption, advanced oxidation processes, and ozonation, but also have their own drawbacks. In recent years, electrochemical techniques have received attention as wastewater treatment process that show higher purification results and low toxic sludge. There are many kinds of electrode materials for electrochemical process, among them, boron doped diamond (BDD) attracts attention due to good chemical and electrochemical stability, long lifetime and wide potential window that necessary properties for anode electrode. So, there are many researches about high quality BDD, among them, researches are focused BDD on Si substrate. But, Si substrate is hard to apply electrode application due to the brittleness and low life time. And other substrates are also not suitable for wastewater treatment electrode due to high cost. To solve these problems, Ti has been candidate as substrate in consideration of cost and properties. But there are critical issues about adhesion that must be overcome to apply Ti as substrate. In this study, to overcome this problem, TiN interlayer is introduced between BDD and Ti substrate. TiN has higher electrical and thermal conductivity, melting point, and similar crystalline structure with diamond. The TiN interlayer was deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS) with thickness of 50 nm, $1{\mu}m$. The microstructure of BDD films with TiN interlayer were estimated by FE-SEM and XRD. There are no significant differences in surface grain size despite of various interlayer. In wastewater treatment results, the BDD electrode with TiN (50nm) showed the highest electrolysis speed at livestock wastewater treatment experiments. It is thought to be that TiN with thickness of 50 nm successfully suppressed formation of TiC that harmful to adhesion. And TiN with thickness of $1{\mu}m$ cannot suppress TiC formation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2274-2278
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• 2012

To test the efficiency of the BDD electrode for complete mineralization of organic wastewater, phenol and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) were treated electrochemically with both an active Pt/Ti electrode and a nonactive boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode, respectively, in neutral aqueous medium. Aqueous solutions of both phenol and 2-chlorophenol were treated electrochemically using an in-house fabricated flow through electrochemical cell (FTEC). The experimental variables included current input, treatment time, and the flow rate of the solutions. Depending on the magnitude of the applied current and reaction time, the compounds were either completely degraded or partially oxidized to other intermediates. Removal efficiencies reached as high as 93.2% and 94.8% both at the Pt/Ti electrode and BDD electrode, respectively, at an applied current of 200 mA for a 3.0 hr reaction and a flow rate of 4 mL/min. The BDD electrode was much more efficient for the complete mineralization of phenol and 2-chlorophenol than the Pt/Ti electrode.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.140-145
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• 2010

The simultaneous detection of Cd (II), Pb (II), Cu (II), and Hg (II) ions in aqueous medium using a BDD electrode with DPASV is described. XPS was used to characterize the chemical states of trace metal ions deposited on the BDD electrode surface. Experimental parameters that affect response, such as pH, deposition time, deposition potential, and pulse amplitude were carefully optimized. The detection limits for Cd (II), Pb (II), Cu (II), and Hg (II) ions were 3.5 ppb, 2.0 ppb, 0.1 ppb and 0.7 ppb, respectively. The application of the BDD electrode on the electrochemical pretreatment for the simultaneous metal detection in the dye waste water was also investigated.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.324-334
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• 2020

Tannery wastewater is known to contain high concentrations of organic compounds, pathogens, and other toxic inorganic elements such as heavy metals, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. Biological methods such as aerobic and anaerobic processes are unsuitable for tannery wastewater treatment due to its high salinity, and electrochemical oxidation offers a promising method to solve this problem. In this study, raw tannery wastewater treatment using DSA® Ti/RuO₂, Ti/IrO₂ and Ti/BDD electrodes with continuous flow systems was examined. Effects of current densities and electrolysis times were investigated, to evaluate the process performance and energy consumption. The results showed that a Ti/BDD electrode is able to reach higher treatment efficiency than Ti/IrO₂, and Ti/RuO₂ electrodes across all parameters, excluding Total Nitrogen. The main mechanism of tannery wastewater oxidation at a Ti/BDD electrode is based on direct oxidation on the electrode surface combined with the generation of oxidants such as °OH and Cl₂, while at DSA® Ti/RuO₂ and Ti/IrO₂ electrodes, the oxidation mechanisms are based on the generation of chlorine. After treatment, the effluents can be discharged to the environment after 6-12 h of electrolysis. Electrooxidation thus offers a promising method for removing the nutrients and non-biodegradable organic compounds in tannery wastewater.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

Indirect oxidation using chlorine species oxidizing agents is often effective in wastewater treatment using an electrochemical oxidation process. When chlorine ions are contained in the wastewater, oxidizing agents of various chlorine species are produced during electrolysis. In a ballast water management system, it is also used to treat ballast water by electrolyzing seawater to produce a chlorine species oxidizer. However, ballast water in the brackish zone and some wastewater has a low chlorine ion concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to study the chlorine generation current efficiency at various chlorine concentration conditions. In this study, the chlorine generating current efficiency of a boron-doped diamond(BDD) electrode and insoluble electrodes are compared with various chloride ion concentrations. The results of this study show that the current efficiency of the BDD electrode is better than that of the insoluble electrodes. The chlorine generation current efficiency is better in the order of BDD, MMO(mixed metal oxide), $Ti/RuO_2$, and $Ti/IrO_2$ electrodes. In particular, when the concentration of sodium chloride is 10 g/L or less, the current efficiency of the BDD electrode is excellent.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.301-307
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• 2018

A boron-doped diamond(BDD) electrode is attractive for many electrochemical applications due to its distinctive properties: an extremely wide potential window in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, a very low and stable background current and a high resistance to surface fouling. An Ar gas mixture of $H_2$, $CH_4$ and trimethylboron (TMB, 0.1 % $C_3H_9B$ in $H_2$) is used in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition(HFCVD) reactor. The effect of argon addition on quality, structure and electrochemical property is investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and cyclic voltammetry(CV). In this study, BDD electrodes are manufactured using different $Ar/CH_4$ ratios ($Ar/CH_4$ = 0, 1, 2 and 4). The results of this study show that the diamond grain size decreases with increasing $Ar/CH_4$ ratios. On the other hand, the samples with an $Ar/CH_4$ ratio above 5 fail to produce a BDD electrode. In addition, the BDD electrodes manufactured by introducing different $Ar/CH_4$ ratios result in the most inclined to (111) preferential growth when the $Ar/CH_4$ ratio is 2. It is also noted that the electrochemical properties of the BDD electrode improve with the process of adding argon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.795-798
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• 2003

Toxic organics are of great environmental concern primarily because they are toxic to mammals and birds, and are relatively soluble in water to contaminate surface water and groundwater. In this study, the decomposition of phenol, a widely used organic, in aqueous solutions by Boron doped diamond(BDD) electrode was examined. Thin, Boron-doped conducting diamond films are expected to be excellent electrodes for industrial electrolysis. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) were used as anode for generating ozone gas by electrolysis of acid solution. In this work. we have studied ozone generating system using BDD electrode. In order to determine the ozone generation properties of diamond electrode, experimental conditions, electrolyte concentration, temperature, flow rate and reaction time were varied diversely. As a result, we could confirm that ozone gas was generated successfully and the performance of diamond electrode was stable for electrolyte while $PbO_2$ electrode was disintegrated. Actually we are found that ozone amount increased by lowering the temperature of electrolyte. Decomposition of phenol concentration in the reaction solution by photolytic ozonation( $UV/O_3$) was analyzed by HPLC epuipped with a UV detector.